Infectious Diseases and Pathogens Overview

<p>Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gram-negative coccobacillus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Integrity of physical and chemical barriers and immune defense mechanisms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Zoonotic infections (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Incubation period (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Streptococcus pneumoniae (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anaerobic conditions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacterial (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Balanced host-organism relationship (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gas gangrene (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Obligate intracellular parasitism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Africa and South America (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Colonies of fungi or bacteria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cutaneous and intestinal hemorrhages due to thrombocytopenia. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fever accompanied by bleeding. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Complement activation and consumptive coagulopathy. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The promptness and appropriateness of treatment. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reactivation of latent varicella-zoster virus. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Immunodeficient patients and neonates. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Close contact with an infected individual. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A patient presenting with fever, abdominal pain, and spontaneous bleeding from the gums. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Varies between 10 days to 3 months, influenced by factors like bite location. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrophobia and difficulty swallowing due to throat spasms. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Direct lysis and destruction of host tissues by the trophozoite form. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trophozoites are the active, invasive form found in tissues, while cysts are the dormant, transmissive form. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plasmodium falciparum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The female Anopheles mosquito (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cerebral malaria (coma) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hyperglycemia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pulmonary (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Colonization of the brush border and subsequent proliferation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Association with non-suppurative autoimmune complications (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Staphylococcus aureus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Whooping cough (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Group B (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A characteristic 'whoop' sound (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Urinary tract infection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites present everywhere.

Process includes reservoir, route, mode, and host.

Ways pathogens enter the body (ingestion, inhalation, etc.).

Skin and mucous membranes prevent pathogens from entering.

Mucus and stomach acid prevent bacterial colonization.

Infectious disease caused by Yersinia pestis, spread by rodents.

Bacterial disease from animals (Bacillus anthracis), rare in humans.

Body's defenses including phagocytic cells and immune responses.

Three forms of human anthrax based on entry point: cutaneous, pulmonary, gastrointestinal.

Skin infection caused by direct contact with contaminated materials; most common form of anthrax.

Severe lung infection from inhaling spores; known as “wool sorters’ disease”; most fatal.

Rare infection resulting from ingesting contaminated food; least common form of anthrax.

Highly communicable respiratory disease in children caused by Bordetella pertussis.

Gram-positive cocci prevalent in various body areas; causes numerous hospital infections.

Most pathogenic species of staphylococci; causes various suppurative diseases.

Gram-positive cocci known for autoimmune complications; categorized into groups based on infection type.

Untypable α-haemolytic streptococci found in the mouth flora, can cause endocarditis.

Streptococcus pneumoniae, a bacteria causing pneumonia, meningitis, and septicemia.

Gram-positive anaerobic spore-forming bacteria found in the GI tract of animals and humans.

A life-threatening infection caused by Clostridium perfringens, leading to tissue death.

Chronic infection with draining sinuses, formed by colonies of fungi or bacteria.

Opportunistic fungal infection normally caused by Candida albicans.

An old viral hemorrhagic fever primarily in Africa and South America.

Includes oral thrush, vaginitis, candidiasis, and systemic infection.

Sudden onset of high fever, chills, myalgia, headache, and bleeding disorders.

Dengue is caused by a virus transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, especially during rainy seasons.

A severe form of dengue with cutaneous and intestinal hemorrhages, thrombocytopenia, and shock.

Dengue fever is self-limited; DHF can be fatal if not treated.

A herpes virus causing chickenpox in non-immune individuals and shingles from reactivation.

Acute vesicular rash occurring mainly in children, beginning as nasopharyngeal infection.

HSV-1 causes facial blisters; HSV-2 causes genital sores, both spread through contact.

Herpes zoster (shingles) occurs from reactivation of dormant varicella zoster virus.

A virus causing fatal encephalitis transmitted by animal bites.

A symptom of rabies characterized by painful throat spasms and difficulty swallowing.

An infection caused by Entamoeba histolytica that leads to tissue damage.

The active, feeding stage of Entamoeba histolytica found in tissues.

The dormant, resistant stage of Entamoeba histolytica found in feces.

A protozoal disease caused by Plasmodium species, transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes.

The most severe malaria-causing protozoa, leading to malignant malaria.

A severe complication of malaria characterized by coma and brain involvement.