38 Questions
What is the recommended approach for treating uncomplicated EBV-associated infectious mononucleosis?
Symptomatic care with non-aspirin antipyretics and anti-inflammatories
What is the primary mode of transmission for Cytomegalovirus (CMV)?
Sexual contact
When are steroids indicated for the treatment of EBV-associated infectious mononucleosis?
Thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, or airway obstruction secondary to enlarged lymph nodes
What is the incubation period for Influenza?
18-72 hours
Which virus causes German measles?
Rubella
What is the most common type of Influenza in North America?
Type A
What is the primary mode of transmission for Influenza?
Aerosols generated by coughs/sneezes
What are the surface antigens used to classify the types of Influenza?
Hemagglutinin (H) and Neuraminidase (N)
What are the symptoms typically associated with Influenza?
Fever, cough, chills, malaise
What can result from the breakdown of respiratory tract epithelium caused by Influenza?
Secondary bacterial infection
Which virus is associated with causing infectious mononucleosis?
Epstein Barr Virus (EBV)
What is the typical incubation period for rabies?
10 days to 7 weeks
How is rabies diagnosed in suspected animals?
Fluorescent antibody brain testing
What is included in post-exposure rabies treatment?
Rabies immunoglobulin and human diploid cell vaccine
How is rabies prevention primarily carried out?
Controlling bat populations and immunizing household pets
Where does HSV primarily remain latent?
Dorsal root ganglia
What are the typical symptoms of primary and recurrent HSV infections?
Erythematous papules and grouped vesicles
Which type of HSV is associated with Bell's palsy?
HSV-1
How is the diagnosis of HSV primarily confirmed?
Direct fluorescent antibody slide tests
What is a complication of herpes zoster?
Ophthalmic and otic involvement
How is VZV diagnosis confirmed?
Direct immunofluorescent antibody staining or PCR of lesions
What is the recommended age for varicella vaccination?
1-2 years of age
What can infants affected by maternal varicella infection develop?
Congenital varicella syndrome
What is EBV commonly transmitted through?
Saliva
What can EBV increase the risk of?
Certain cancers such as Burkitt lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma
What are symptoms of infectious mononucleosis?
Fever, sore throat, lymph node enlargement, and nonsuppurative oral lesions
How is EBV diagnosis carried out?
Heterophil sheep cell agglutination (HA) antibody test, mononucleosis spot test (Monospot), and PCR for EBV DNA
What is the fatality rate associated with influenza complications?
30%
What is the sensitivity range of rapid antigen tests for influenza?
50-70%
When does immunity set in after annual influenza vaccination?
Within 2 weeks
Which antivirals are effective against both influenza A and B?
Zanamivir and Oseltamivir
In which patients is influenza prevention through vaccines contraindicated?
Patients with hypersensitivity to eggs
What is the incubation period of measles (Rubeola)?
8-14 days
What can mumps lead to, in severe cases?
Viral encephalitis
When is the MMR vaccine recommended for administration?
At ages 12-15 months and 4-6 years
What causes Roseola (Roseola Infantum)?
Human herpes virus 6 or 7
What causes Erythema Infectiosum (Fifth Disease)?
Human parvovirus B19
How is rabies transmitted to humans?
Via infected saliva from animals
Study Notes
Infectious Diseases: Key Points
- Influenza complications include Guillain Barre Syndrome, Myocarditis, and Reye syndrome, with a 30% fatality rate, and may develop 2-3 weeks after onset of influenza A or varicella infection.
- Rapid antigen tests for influenza have a sensitivity of 50-70% and specificity of 90-95%, with the most accurate results during the first few days of illness.
- Annual influenza vaccine has proven to decrease mortality and morbidity, with immunity set within 2 weeks of vaccination.
- Influenza treatment includes antivirals such as inhaled zanamivir and oral oseltamivir, effective against influenza A and B, and recommended for high-risk patients.
- Influenza prevention through vaccines is contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity to eggs, active acute febrile illness, or thrombocytopenia.
- Measles (Rubeola) is caused by Morbillivirus in the paramyxovirus family and has an incubation period of 8-14 days, with a prodrome of fever, cough, anorexia, and conjunctivitis.
- Mumps, caused by a paramyxovirus, can lead to viral encephalitis and may affect the salivary glands, pancreas, CNS, and testes, with treatment being supportive.
- Rubella (German Measles) is mostly benign and self-limiting, with non-specific respiratory symptoms and a maculopapular rash, and can cause congenital abnormalities if contracted during pregnancy.
- The MMR vaccine, containing live, attenuated strains of measles, mumps, and rubella viruses, is recommended at ages 12-15 months and 4-6 years, and has no link to autism.
- Roseola (Roseola Infantum) is caused by Human herpes virus 6 or 7, seen in children aged 6 months to 3 years, and presents with high fever, followed by a pink macular rash.
- Erythema Infectiosum (Fifth Disease) is caused by Human parvovirus B19, most common in school-aged children, and presents with a "slapped cheek" appearance and lacy pink macular rash on the torso and extremities.
- Rabies, caused by the Rhabdovirus, is transmitted via infected saliva from animals like bats, skunks, and foxes, and is preventable through vaccination and prompt medical treatment after exposure.
Test your knowledge of infectious diseases with this quiz covering key points about influenza, measles, mumps, rubella, and other common infectious illnesses. From symptoms and complications to prevention and treatment, this quiz will challenge your understanding of these important infectious diseases.
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