Infectious Diseases Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the recommended approach for treating uncomplicated EBV-associated infectious mononucleosis?

  • Symptomatic care with non-aspirin antipyretics and anti-inflammatories (correct)
  • Antiviral medication to shorten the duration of symptoms
  • Surgical removal of the spleen
  • Immediate hospitalization for close monitoring
  • What is the primary mode of transmission for Cytomegalovirus (CMV)?

  • Sexual contact (correct)
  • Blood transfusions
  • Contaminated food and water
  • Respiratory droplets
  • When are steroids indicated for the treatment of EBV-associated infectious mononucleosis?

  • To reduce the duration of fever
  • Thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, or airway obstruction secondary to enlarged lymph nodes (correct)
  • As a preventive measure for potential complications
  • For all cases of infectious mononucleosis
  • What is the incubation period for Influenza?

    <p>18-72 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus causes German measles?

    <p>Rubella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common type of Influenza in North America?

    <p>Type A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of transmission for Influenza?

    <p>Aerosols generated by coughs/sneezes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the surface antigens used to classify the types of Influenza?

    <p>Hemagglutinin (H) and Neuraminidase (N)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the symptoms typically associated with Influenza?

    <p>Fever, cough, chills, malaise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can result from the breakdown of respiratory tract epithelium caused by Influenza?

    <p>Secondary bacterial infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus is associated with causing infectious mononucleosis?

    <p>Epstein Barr Virus (EBV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical incubation period for rabies?

    <p>10 days to 7 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is rabies diagnosed in suspected animals?

    <p>Fluorescent antibody brain testing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is included in post-exposure rabies treatment?

    <p>Rabies immunoglobulin and human diploid cell vaccine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is rabies prevention primarily carried out?

    <p>Controlling bat populations and immunizing household pets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does HSV primarily remain latent?

    <p>Dorsal root ganglia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the typical symptoms of primary and recurrent HSV infections?

    <p>Erythematous papules and grouped vesicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of HSV is associated with Bell's palsy?

    <p>HSV-1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the diagnosis of HSV primarily confirmed?

    <p>Direct fluorescent antibody slide tests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a complication of herpes zoster?

    <p>Ophthalmic and otic involvement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is VZV diagnosis confirmed?

    <p>Direct immunofluorescent antibody staining or PCR of lesions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended age for varicella vaccination?

    <p>1-2 years of age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can infants affected by maternal varicella infection develop?

    <p>Congenital varicella syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is EBV commonly transmitted through?

    <p>Saliva</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can EBV increase the risk of?

    <p>Certain cancers such as Burkitt lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are symptoms of infectious mononucleosis?

    <p>Fever, sore throat, lymph node enlargement, and nonsuppurative oral lesions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is EBV diagnosis carried out?

    <p>Heterophil sheep cell agglutination (HA) antibody test, mononucleosis spot test (Monospot), and PCR for EBV DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fatality rate associated with influenza complications?

    <p>30%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sensitivity range of rapid antigen tests for influenza?

    <p>50-70%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does immunity set in after annual influenza vaccination?

    <p>Within 2 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antivirals are effective against both influenza A and B?

    <p>Zanamivir and Oseltamivir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which patients is influenza prevention through vaccines contraindicated?

    <p>Patients with hypersensitivity to eggs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the incubation period of measles (Rubeola)?

    <p>8-14 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can mumps lead to, in severe cases?

    <p>Viral encephalitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is the MMR vaccine recommended for administration?

    <p>At ages 12-15 months and 4-6 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes Roseola (Roseola Infantum)?

    <p>Human herpes virus 6 or 7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes Erythema Infectiosum (Fifth Disease)?

    <p>Human parvovirus B19</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is rabies transmitted to humans?

    <p>Via infected saliva from animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Infectious Diseases: Key Points

    • Influenza complications include Guillain Barre Syndrome, Myocarditis, and Reye syndrome, with a 30% fatality rate, and may develop 2-3 weeks after onset of influenza A or varicella infection.
    • Rapid antigen tests for influenza have a sensitivity of 50-70% and specificity of 90-95%, with the most accurate results during the first few days of illness.
    • Annual influenza vaccine has proven to decrease mortality and morbidity, with immunity set within 2 weeks of vaccination.
    • Influenza treatment includes antivirals such as inhaled zanamivir and oral oseltamivir, effective against influenza A and B, and recommended for high-risk patients.
    • Influenza prevention through vaccines is contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity to eggs, active acute febrile illness, or thrombocytopenia.
    • Measles (Rubeola) is caused by Morbillivirus in the paramyxovirus family and has an incubation period of 8-14 days, with a prodrome of fever, cough, anorexia, and conjunctivitis.
    • Mumps, caused by a paramyxovirus, can lead to viral encephalitis and may affect the salivary glands, pancreas, CNS, and testes, with treatment being supportive.
    • Rubella (German Measles) is mostly benign and self-limiting, with non-specific respiratory symptoms and a maculopapular rash, and can cause congenital abnormalities if contracted during pregnancy.
    • The MMR vaccine, containing live, attenuated strains of measles, mumps, and rubella viruses, is recommended at ages 12-15 months and 4-6 years, and has no link to autism.
    • Roseola (Roseola Infantum) is caused by Human herpes virus 6 or 7, seen in children aged 6 months to 3 years, and presents with high fever, followed by a pink macular rash.
    • Erythema Infectiosum (Fifth Disease) is caused by Human parvovirus B19, most common in school-aged children, and presents with a "slapped cheek" appearance and lacy pink macular rash on the torso and extremities.
    • Rabies, caused by the Rhabdovirus, is transmitted via infected saliva from animals like bats, skunks, and foxes, and is preventable through vaccination and prompt medical treatment after exposure.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of infectious diseases with this quiz covering key points about influenza, measles, mumps, rubella, and other common infectious illnesses. From symptoms and complications to prevention and treatment, this quiz will challenge your understanding of these important infectious diseases.

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