Infectious Diseases Quiz

Incubation Period

• The initial, latent period before symptoms appear.

Prodromal Period

• The period with initial symptoms of illness.

Incrementi Stage

• Stage of increasing clinical symptoms.

Decrementi Stage

• Stage of decreasing clinical symptoms.

Patognomic Symptoms

• Symptoms that clearly indicate the presence of a specific disease.

Generalized Infections

• Infections that spread throughout the body, like typhoid fever.

Typical Clinical Forms

• Classic presentations of a disease, like high severity forms.

Atypical Clinical Forms

• Uncommon presentations of a disease, like erased forms.

Course of Illness

• Acute: Short duration, less than 2 weeks
• Subacute: Intermediate duration, 2 to 3 months
• Prolonged: Duration between 3 to 6 months
• Chronic: Duration longer than 6 months
• Fulminant: Rapid onset, severe progression.

Manifestations of Infectious Diseases

• Inapparent infection: No symptoms, but the person is infected.
• Erased infection: Mild, non-specific symptoms.
• Manifesting infection: Clear symptoms of the disease.
• Persistent infection: Long-lasting infection, sometimes for life.

Complications of Infection

• Specific: Complications directly related to the infecting agent.
• Nonspecific: Complications not directly related to the infecting agent.

Shigellosis Transmission

• Commonly spread through contact with infected individuals.

Flexner Dysentery Transmission

• Commonly spread through contact with infected individuals and sometimes food or water.

Dysentery Diagnostics

• The presence of "rectum spit" type stool is a key diagnostic sign.

Dysentery Treatment

• Ciprofloxacin is a common medication used for treating dysentery.

Enteritis Symptoms

• Paraumbilical pain (around the belly button).

Enterocolitis Symptoms

• Epigastric pain (upper stomach area) of encircling character.

Food Poisoning by Conditionally Pathogenic Flora

• Occurs when a large quantity of the agent comes into contact with the susceptible individual with weakened defenses.

Food Poisoning Transmission

• Food poisoning can be spread through contact with infected people, contaminated water, or food.

Food Poisoning Causing Agents

• Staphylococcus, Proteus, and Clostridia can all cause food poisoning.

Food Poisoning Mechanism

• Caused by bacteria that produce toxins in the intestines.

Food Poisoning Treatment

• Antibiotics are not typically recommended for treating food poisoning.

Food Poisoning Diagnosis

• Usually diagnosed based on clinical symptoms, epidemiological information, and foodstuff analysis.

Differentiating Food Poisoning from Cholera

• Temperature reaction, abdominal pain, and epidemiological data are crucial in distinguishing between these conditions.

Cholera Initial Symptoms

• Absence of intoxication, diarrhea is a characteristic early symptom.

Cholera Stool

• Characterized by being plentiful and watery.

Cholera Complications

• The most dangerous complication is dehydration.

Cholera Electrolyte Imbalance

• Hyposodiumemia (low sodium levels) is the most dangerous electrolyte imbalance in cholera.

Intestinal Amebiasis Abdominal Pain

• Primarily localized in the right iliac area.

Intestinal Amebiasis Diagnosis

• Microscopy of feces is the primary diagnostic method.

Intestinal Amebiasis Key Detection

• The presence of cysts or trophozoites of Entamoeba in feces is crucial for diagnosis.

Botulism Development

• Development of botulism requires the presence of Clostridia spores, vegetative forms, and toxin.

Botulism Syndrome Progression

• The typical sequence is gastrointestinal, general intoxication, and then paralytic syndrome.

Botulism Signs

• Breathing disorders are a sign of severe botulism.

Botulism Vision Disorders

• Midriasis (dilated pupils), ptosis (drooping eyelids), and diplopia (double vision) commonly occur.

Glucocorticoid Steroid (GCS) Absolute Indication

• Acute adrenal failure is not an absolute indication for GCS administration.

Glucocorticoid Steroid (GCS) Absolute Contraindication

• Wilson-Konovalov disease is an absolute contraindication for GCS administration.

Cytomedins

• A group of drugs that include Thymalin, used to modulate immune responses.

Endogenous Interferon Stimulator

• Pyrogenal is an example of a drug that stimulates the production of endogenous interferons.

Drugs That Cross the Blood-Brain Barrier

• Thienam (an antibiotic) is able to cross the blood-brain barrier.

Antiparasitic Drug

• Levamizol is an antiparasitic drug.

Antioxidant Action

• Vitamin E possesses antioxidant action.

Anticholestatic Action

• Silimarin, Allochol, and Ursodeoxycholic acid (Ursofalk) have anticholestatic action.

Specific Vaccinal Prophylaxis

• Achieved through the use of vaccines.

Hepatic Encephalopathy Cause

• The main cause is the buildup of ammonia in the blood due to liver dysfunction.

Acute Liver Failure Stages (Rudnev Classification)

• Precursors, excitation, precoma, coma

Acute Liver Failure Stages (Bluger Classification)

• Precoma 1, precoma 2, coma 1, coma 2

Hepatic Encephalopathy Toxic Factor

• Ammonia is the most important toxic factor in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy.

GCS Daily Dose for Acute Liver Failure

• 1-4 mg/kg per day is the typical daily dose.

Meningococcal Infection Source

• Carriers of Neisseria meningitidis are the main source of meningococcal infection.

Meningitis Diagnosis

• Defining criteria include meningitis syndrome, inflammatory changes in cerebrospinal fluid, and epidemiological data.

Meningococcal Infection Spread

• Meningococcal infection spreads primarily through the bloodstream (hematogenously).

HBV Surface Antigen

• The surface antigen of Hepatitis B Virus is HBsAg.

Viral Hepatitis A Preicteric Period

• The most typical syndrome is influenza-like.

Viral Hepatitis B Preicteric Period

• The most typical syndrome is asthenovegetative (weakness, fatigue).

Hepatitis Preicteric Period Biochemical Indicator

• The activity of alanine aminotransferase (AlAT) is a biochemical indicator that consistently changes during the preicteric period of acute viral hepatitis.

Viral Hepatitis E Mortality

• Fatal outcomes are more frequent in pregnant women.

Viral Hepatitis A Therapy

• The primary treatment is symptomatic.

Influenza Etiotropic Therapy

• Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) is an antiviral medication used for treating influenza.

Enterovirus Infection Clinical Forms

• Herpangina, epidemic myalgia, epidemic exanthema, and pharyngoconjunctival fever are all clinical forms of enterovirus infection.

Test your knowledge on the various stages and symptoms of infectious diseases. This quiz covers concepts such as incubation periods, clinical forms, and the course of illness. Challenge yourself to identify key manifestations and terminology related to infections.