Infectious Diseases Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What does the incubation period refer to?

The period of highest manifestation of disease

The period of prodrome

The initial, latent period (correct)

The period of convalescence

What is the prodromal period primarily characterized by?

The period of incubation

The period of initial symptoms of illness (correct)

The period of convalescence

The period of highest manifestation of disease

Which stage is known for the increase of clinical symptoms of a disease?

Convalescent stage

Decrementi stage

Prodromal stage

Incrementi stage (correct)

What characterizes the decrementi stage of a disease?

Stage of decrease of clinical symptoms Signup and view all the answers

Which option describes patognomic symptoms?

Symptoms that are unique to specific diagnoses Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification for an illness lasting from 2 to 3 months?

Subacute Signup and view all the answers

In which category do complications not linked with the agent fall?

Nonspecific Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a typical manifestation of infectious disease?

Manifesting infection Signup and view all the answers

Which way of transmission is common for Sonne dysentery?

With water Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following is a primary diagnostic sign of shigellosis?

Stool of 'rectum spit' type Signup and view all the answers

What symptom is characteristic of enterocolitis?

Epigastric pain of encircling character Signup and view all the answers

Which drugs are commonly used in the treatment of dysentery?

Erythromycin Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is necessary for food poisoning caused by conditionally pathogenic flora?

Sensitization to the agent Signup and view all the answers

Which is a common way of transmission for food poisoning infections?

With food Signup and view all the answers

Which bacteria are known causes of food poisoning?

Clostridia Signup and view all the answers

What is not recommended for the treatment of food poisoning?

Administration of antibiotics Signup and view all the answers

What toxic factor is most critical in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy?

Ammonia Signup and view all the answers

What is the daily dose of glucocorticoids (GCS) recommended for treating acute liver failure?

5-10 mg/kg Signup and view all the answers

What is the main source of infection in meningococcal infection?

Healthy Neisseria meningitidis carriers Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic feature is essential for diagnosing meningitis?

Inflammatory changes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of meningococcal infection spread in the human body?

Hematogenic Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is not typically associated with the initial onset of cholera?

Acute abdomen pain Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of cholera stool?

Plentiful, watery Signup and view all the answers

Which superficial antigen corresponds to hepatitis B virus (HBV)?

HBsAg Signup and view all the answers

What syndrome is most typical for the preicteric period of viral hepatitis A?

Asthenovegetative syndrome Signup and view all the answers

Which condition poses the greatest danger to a patient suffering from cholera?

Dehydration Signup and view all the answers

In which area is abdominal pain associated with intestinal amebiasis mainly localized?

Left iliac area Signup and view all the answers

In which population are lethal outcomes of viral hepatitis E observed more frequently?

Pregnant women Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is not an absolute indication for GCS administration?

Acute liver failure Signup and view all the answers

Which form of Entamoeba is crucial for the diagnostic of intestinal amebiasis?

Tissue form (trophozoit) Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for the development of botulism within an organism?

All listed Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is known to cross the blood-brain barrier?

Thienam Signup and view all the answers

What is the key laboratory test for diagnosing intestinal amebiasis?

Microscopy of feces Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is classified as an antiparasitic drug?

Levamisol Signup and view all the answers

Which drug belongs to the cytomedins group?

Thymalin Signup and view all the answers

Which sequence correctly outlines the development of syndromes in botulism?

Gastrointestinal, general intoxication, paralytic Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an absolute contraindication for GCS administration?

Itsenko-Kushing disease Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin is recognized for its antioxidant properties?

Vitamin E Signup and view all the answers

Which sequence correctly represents the stages of acute liver failure according to Rudnev's classification?

Precoma-encephalopathy-coma 1-coma 2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of hepatic encephalopathy?

Acute liver necrosis Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Incubation Period

The initial, latent period before symptoms appear.

Prodromal Period

The period with initial symptoms of illness.

Incrementi Stage

Stage of increasing clinical symptoms.

Decrementi Stage

Stage of decreasing clinical symptoms.

Patognomic Symptoms

Symptoms that clearly indicate the presence of a specific disease.

Generalized Infections

Infections that spread throughout the body, like typhoid fever.

Typical Clinical Forms

Classic presentations of a disease, like high severity forms.

Atypical Clinical Forms

Uncommon presentations of a disease, like erased forms.

Course of Illness

Acute: Short duration, less than 2 weeks
Subacute: Intermediate duration, 2 to 3 months
Prolonged: Duration between 3 to 6 months
Chronic: Duration longer than 6 months
Fulminant: Rapid onset, severe progression.

Manifestations of Infectious Diseases

Inapparent infection: No symptoms, but the person is infected.
Erased infection: Mild, non-specific symptoms.
Manifesting infection: Clear symptoms of the disease.
Persistent infection: Long-lasting infection, sometimes for life.

Complications of Infection

Specific: Complications directly related to the infecting agent.
Nonspecific: Complications not directly related to the infecting agent.

Shigellosis Transmission

Commonly spread through contact with infected individuals.

Flexner Dysentery Transmission

Commonly spread through contact with infected individuals and sometimes food or water.

Dysentery Diagnostics

The presence of "rectum spit" type stool is a key diagnostic sign.

Dysentery Treatment

Ciprofloxacin is a common medication used for treating dysentery.

Enteritis Symptoms

Paraumbilical pain (around the belly button).

Enterocolitis Symptoms

Epigastric pain (upper stomach area) of encircling character.

Food Poisoning by Conditionally Pathogenic Flora

Occurs when a large quantity of the agent comes into contact with the susceptible individual with weakened defenses.

Food Poisoning Transmission

Food poisoning can be spread through contact with infected people, contaminated water, or food.

Food Poisoning Causing Agents

Staphylococcus, Proteus, and Clostridia can all cause food poisoning.

Food Poisoning Mechanism

Caused by bacteria that produce toxins in the intestines.

Food Poisoning Treatment

Antibiotics are not typically recommended for treating food poisoning.

Food Poisoning Diagnosis

Usually diagnosed based on clinical symptoms, epidemiological information, and foodstuff analysis.

Differentiating Food Poisoning from Cholera

Temperature reaction, abdominal pain, and epidemiological data are crucial in distinguishing between these conditions.

Cholera Initial Symptoms

Absence of intoxication, diarrhea is a characteristic early symptom.

Cholera Stool

Characterized by being plentiful and watery.

Cholera Complications

The most dangerous complication is dehydration.

Cholera Electrolyte Imbalance

Hyposodiumemia (low sodium levels) is the most dangerous electrolyte imbalance in cholera.

Intestinal Amebiasis Abdominal Pain

Primarily localized in the right iliac area.

Intestinal Amebiasis Diagnosis

Microscopy of feces is the primary diagnostic method.

Intestinal Amebiasis Key Detection

The presence of cysts or trophozoites of Entamoeba in feces is crucial for diagnosis.

Botulism Development

Development of botulism requires the presence of Clostridia spores, vegetative forms, and toxin.

Botulism Syndrome Progression

The typical sequence is gastrointestinal, general intoxication, and then paralytic syndrome.

Botulism Signs

Breathing disorders are a sign of severe botulism.

Botulism Vision Disorders

Midriasis (dilated pupils), ptosis (drooping eyelids), and diplopia (double vision) commonly occur.

Glucocorticoid Steroid (GCS) Absolute Indication

Acute adrenal failure is not an absolute indication for GCS administration.

Glucocorticoid Steroid (GCS) Absolute Contraindication

Wilson-Konovalov disease is an absolute contraindication for GCS administration.

Cytomedins

A group of drugs that include Thymalin, used to modulate immune responses.

Endogenous Interferon Stimulator

Pyrogenal is an example of a drug that stimulates the production of endogenous interferons.

Drugs That Cross the Blood-Brain Barrier

Thienam (an antibiotic) is able to cross the blood-brain barrier.

Antiparasitic Drug

Levamizol is an antiparasitic drug.

Antioxidant Action

Vitamin E possesses antioxidant action.

Anticholestatic Action

Silimarin, Allochol, and Ursodeoxycholic acid (Ursofalk) have anticholestatic action.

Specific Vaccinal Prophylaxis

Achieved through the use of vaccines.

Hepatic Encephalopathy Cause

The main cause is the buildup of ammonia in the blood due to liver dysfunction.

Acute Liver Failure Stages (Rudnev Classification)

Precursors, excitation, precoma, coma

Acute Liver Failure Stages (Bluger Classification)

Precoma 1, precoma 2, coma 1, coma 2

Hepatic Encephalopathy Toxic Factor

Ammonia is the most important toxic factor in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy.

GCS Daily Dose for Acute Liver Failure

1-4 mg/kg per day is the typical daily dose.

Meningococcal Infection Source

Carriers of Neisseria meningitidis are the main source of meningococcal infection.

Meningitis Diagnosis

Defining criteria include meningitis syndrome, inflammatory changes in cerebrospinal fluid, and epidemiological data.

Meningococcal Infection Spread

Meningococcal infection spreads primarily through the bloodstream (hematogenously).

HBV Surface Antigen

The surface antigen of Hepatitis B Virus is HBsAg.

Viral Hepatitis A Preicteric Period

The most typical syndrome is influenza-like.

Viral Hepatitis B Preicteric Period

The most typical syndrome is asthenovegetative (weakness, fatigue).

Hepatitis Preicteric Period Biochemical Indicator

The activity of alanine aminotransferase (AlAT) is a biochemical indicator that consistently changes during the preicteric period of acute viral hepatitis.

Viral Hepatitis E Mortality

Fatal outcomes are more frequent in pregnant women.

Viral Hepatitis A Therapy

The primary treatment is symptomatic.

Influenza Etiotropic Therapy

Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) is an antiviral medication used for treating influenza.

Enterovirus Infection Clinical Forms

Herpangina, epidemic myalgia, epidemic exanthema, and pharyngoconjunctival fever are all clinical forms of enterovirus infection.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the various stages and symptoms of infectious diseases. This quiz covers concepts such as incubation periods, clinical forms, and the course of illness. Challenge yourself to identify key manifestations and terminology related to infections.