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Questions and Answers
What clinical presentation is most indicative of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
What clinical presentation is most indicative of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
Which organism is associated with bloody diarrhea after eating undercooked ground beef?
Which organism is associated with bloody diarrhea after eating undercooked ground beef?
Which bacterium would most likely cause fever and purulent discharge in a young sexually active patient?
Which bacterium would most likely cause fever and purulent discharge in a young sexually active patient?
Which symptom is most characteristic of Legionella infection?
Which symptom is most characteristic of Legionella infection?
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What clinical feature is associated with Listeria monocytogenes infection?
What clinical feature is associated with Listeria monocytogenes infection?
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Which organism is characterized by acid-fast staining and is known for causing lung infections in immunocompromised individuals?
Which organism is characterized by acid-fast staining and is known for causing lung infections in immunocompromised individuals?
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Which condition is associated with Yersinia pestis?
Which condition is associated with Yersinia pestis?
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What is a key indicator of a possible Neisseria meningitidis infection?
What is a key indicator of a possible Neisseria meningitidis infection?
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What is the expected clinical presentation of a patient with Toxoplasma infection?
What is the expected clinical presentation of a patient with Toxoplasma infection?
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Which organism is associated with a painless genital lesion in the context of sexually transmitted infections?
Which organism is associated with a painless genital lesion in the context of sexually transmitted infections?
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Which clinical feature is characteristic of primary syphilis?
Which clinical feature is characteristic of primary syphilis?
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What symptom is most likely associated with a Leptospira infection?
What symptom is most likely associated with a Leptospira infection?
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What type of respiratory infection is typically caused by Mycoplasma pneumonia?
What type of respiratory infection is typically caused by Mycoplasma pneumonia?
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Which diagnostic test is commonly used for the detection of Treponema pallidum?
Which diagnostic test is commonly used for the detection of Treponema pallidum?
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What is a classic finding in a patient with congenital syphilis?
What is a classic finding in a patient with congenital syphilis?
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Which fungal infection is associated with avian exposure, such as exploring caves?
Which fungal infection is associated with avian exposure, such as exploring caves?
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What type of organism would most likely cause itching between toes and thick nails?
What type of organism would most likely cause itching between toes and thick nails?
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Which condition is characterized by acute angle branching hyphae and occurs in patients with low neutrophil counts?
Which condition is characterized by acute angle branching hyphae and occurs in patients with low neutrophil counts?
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What condition is characterized by painful vesicles around the mouth and genitals, and is caused by a common DNA virus?
What condition is characterized by painful vesicles around the mouth and genitals, and is caused by a common DNA virus?
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Which infection is associated with the presence of bloody urine and can lead to bladder squamous cell carcinoma?
Which infection is associated with the presence of bloody urine and can lead to bladder squamous cell carcinoma?
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Which virus presents with a classic presentation of a 'slapped-cheek' appearance in children?
Which virus presents with a classic presentation of a 'slapped-cheek' appearance in children?
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What cystic infection can lead to anaphylaxis upon rupture, and is commonly associated with dogs and feces?
What cystic infection can lead to anaphylaxis upon rupture, and is commonly associated with dogs and feces?
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Which virus is known for causing congenital defects such as deafness and cataracts in infants?
Which virus is known for causing congenital defects such as deafness and cataracts in infants?
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Which hepatitis virus has a chronic infection profile and is primarily transmitted through blood and sexual contact?
Which hepatitis virus has a chronic infection profile and is primarily transmitted through blood and sexual contact?
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Which sexually transmitted virus is associated with the development of cervical cancer through strains 16 and 18?
Which sexually transmitted virus is associated with the development of cervical cancer through strains 16 and 18?
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What is the cause of acute viral hepatitis characterized by self-limiting symptoms after consuming raw shellfish?
What is the cause of acute viral hepatitis characterized by self-limiting symptoms after consuming raw shellfish?
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What viral infection might present with a child's symptoms including barking cough and inspiratory stridor?
What viral infection might present with a child's symptoms including barking cough and inspiratory stridor?
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Which herpes virus is associated with owl-eye inclusions and can infect AIDS patients leading to severe complications?
Which herpes virus is associated with owl-eye inclusions and can infect AIDS patients leading to severe complications?
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Which condition caused by an Aedes mosquito bite is characterized by debilitating joint pain and rash?
Which condition caused by an Aedes mosquito bite is characterized by debilitating joint pain and rash?
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Which infection presents with vesicular lesions in various stages of healing, commonly referred to as chickenpox?
Which infection presents with vesicular lesions in various stages of healing, commonly referred to as chickenpox?
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A patient presents with itchy lesions in the hair, body, or pubic areas. This condition is likely caused by which organism?
A patient presents with itchy lesions in the hair, body, or pubic areas. This condition is likely caused by which organism?
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Which RNA virus is known for causing severe hemorrhagic fever and is transmitted by mosquito bites?
Which RNA virus is known for causing severe hemorrhagic fever and is transmitted by mosquito bites?
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Which organism presents with trypomastigotes observed in a blood smear and causes various organ enlargement?
Which organism presents with trypomastigotes observed in a blood smear and causes various organ enlargement?
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What parasite is known for causing fever and anemia and is notably found in individuals who have not traveled outside of the United States?
What parasite is known for causing fever and anemia and is notably found in individuals who have not traveled outside of the United States?
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Which organism is transmitted via the bite of a black fly and is associated with causing blindness?
Which organism is transmitted via the bite of a black fly and is associated with causing blindness?
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Which helminth is characterized by thick, knobby coated, oval-shaped eggs and is associated with lung and gastrointestinal symptoms?
Which helminth is characterized by thick, knobby coated, oval-shaped eggs and is associated with lung and gastrointestinal symptoms?
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Which organism's infection is linked to the consumption of undercooked pork and can lead to the development of cysts in the brain?
Which organism's infection is linked to the consumption of undercooked pork and can lead to the development of cysts in the brain?
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Which bacterium is most likely responsible for severe watery diarrhea after travel to another country?
Which bacterium is most likely responsible for severe watery diarrhea after travel to another country?
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What is the mechanism by which Clostridium tetani leads to spastic paralysis?
What is the mechanism by which Clostridium tetani leads to spastic paralysis?
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Which bacterium can cause necrosis of the skin alongside crepitus?
Which bacterium can cause necrosis of the skin alongside crepitus?
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What is a notable clinical finding in a patient infected with Staphylococcus aureus after recent nose surgery?
What is a notable clinical finding in a patient infected with Staphylococcus aureus after recent nose surgery?
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Which organism is typically responsible for causing descending flaccid paralysis in adults after the consumption of canned food?
Which organism is typically responsible for causing descending flaccid paralysis in adults after the consumption of canned food?
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Which clinical presentation is commonly associated with Mycobacterium leprae?
Which clinical presentation is commonly associated with Mycobacterium leprae?
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What is a key clinical feature of Bacillus cereus infection?
What is a key clinical feature of Bacillus cereus infection?
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Which of the following organisms is characterized by a branching gram-positive rod and is known to cause lung infections?
Which of the following organisms is characterized by a branching gram-positive rod and is known to cause lung infections?
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Which organism is most likely to cause hemoptysis in a patient with a history of night sweats and weight loss?
Which organism is most likely to cause hemoptysis in a patient with a history of night sweats and weight loss?
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What would most likely present as a thumbprint sign on a lateral neck X-ray?
What would most likely present as a thumbprint sign on a lateral neck X-ray?
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Which condition is commonly associated with the consumption of undercooked poultry or contact with dogs?
Which condition is commonly associated with the consumption of undercooked poultry or contact with dogs?
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Which organism is known for causing bloody, mucoid stool through the invasion of M cells?
Which organism is known for causing bloody, mucoid stool through the invasion of M cells?
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What symptom is typically associated with Legionella pneumonia?
What symptom is typically associated with Legionella pneumonia?
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What organism is most likely associated with a bulls-eye rash following a tick bite?
What organism is most likely associated with a bulls-eye rash following a tick bite?
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Which clinical presentation is indicative of an infection with Histoplasma?
Which clinical presentation is indicative of an infection with Histoplasma?
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A patient presents with dull abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea. Which organism is likely responsible?
A patient presents with dull abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea. Which organism is likely responsible?
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Which organism is characterized by thick, white vaginal discharge and is typically diagnosed using clue cells?
Which organism is characterized by thick, white vaginal discharge and is typically diagnosed using clue cells?
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What clinical feature is typically seen in patients with tertiary syphilis?
What clinical feature is typically seen in patients with tertiary syphilis?
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What is a common reservoir for the organism that causes leptospirosis?
What is a common reservoir for the organism that causes leptospirosis?
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Which of the following is known for causing opportunistic infections in AIDS patients, particularly pulmonary infections?
Which of the following is known for causing opportunistic infections in AIDS patients, particularly pulmonary infections?
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Which presentation is indicative of a Candida albicans infection?
Which presentation is indicative of a Candida albicans infection?
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Which organism primarily causes a non-productive cough and shows a classic finding of being devoid of a cell wall?
Which organism primarily causes a non-productive cough and shows a classic finding of being devoid of a cell wall?
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Which fungal organism is characterized by broad-based budding and is typically found in the eastern central United States?
Which fungal organism is characterized by broad-based budding and is typically found in the eastern central United States?
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What condition is characterized by the presence of fleshy, cauliflower-shaped genital lesions?
What condition is characterized by the presence of fleshy, cauliflower-shaped genital lesions?
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Which virus is associated with severe lymphoid hyperplasia and may cause postcoital bleeding due to a friable cervix mass?
Which virus is associated with severe lymphoid hyperplasia and may cause postcoital bleeding due to a friable cervix mass?
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What is the primary mode of transmission for Hepatitis B virus?
What is the primary mode of transmission for Hepatitis B virus?
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What condition is most likely to result from a schistosomiasis infection?
What condition is most likely to result from a schistosomiasis infection?
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Which clinical presentation is most characteristic of an HIV infection leading to neurological complications?
Which clinical presentation is most characteristic of an HIV infection leading to neurological complications?
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Which virus is known to cause 'slapped-cheek' appearance in children?
Which virus is known to cause 'slapped-cheek' appearance in children?
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Which of the following viruses is associated with owl-eye inclusions in tissue pathology?
Which of the following viruses is associated with owl-eye inclusions in tissue pathology?
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Infection with which organism is likely to lead to anaphylaxis upon cyst rupture?
Infection with which organism is likely to lead to anaphylaxis upon cyst rupture?
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Which hepatitis virus requires another virus for infection and is primarily transmitted via blood?
Which hepatitis virus requires another virus for infection and is primarily transmitted via blood?
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Which organism is indicated by terminal spines on its eggs?
Which organism is indicated by terminal spines on its eggs?
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A patient presents with acute fever and watery diarrhea after consuming contaminated food. Which virus is the likely cause?
A patient presents with acute fever and watery diarrhea after consuming contaminated food. Which virus is the likely cause?
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Which viral infection is characterized by a prodromal phase followed by a rash, particularly involving the palms and soles?
Which viral infection is characterized by a prodromal phase followed by a rash, particularly involving the palms and soles?
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Which condition is associated with an AIDS patient who develops dark purple lesions on the body?
Which condition is associated with an AIDS patient who develops dark purple lesions on the body?
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What is the characteristic sign of an infection with Zoster virus?
What is the characteristic sign of an infection with Zoster virus?
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Study Notes
Microbiology - Bacteria
- Corynebacterium diphtheriae: Sore throat, grey pseudomembranes, inactivation of EF-2.
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Black eschar on skin, inactivation of EF-2.
- Vibrio cholera: Travel to another country, severe watery diarrhea, activates Gs → CAMP.
- Clostridium tetani: Step on a dirty nail, spastic paralysis, lock jaw (trismus), bent spine (opisthotonus), toxin prevents release of GABA and glycine.
- Clostridium botulinum: Baby eats honey, adult eats canned food, descending flaccid paralysis, diplopia, dyspnea, toxin cleaves snare and inhibits NT release.
- Clostridium perfringens: Necrosis of skin, crepitus, toxin degrades tissue and membranes.
- Clostridium difficile: Diarrhea after antibiotic use or hospitalization.
- Staphylococcus aureus: Recent nose surgery or young female on menses, fever, rash, hypotension, toxin cross-links TCR to MHC II.
- Staphylococcus epidermidis: Infects catheters, valves, biofilm production.
- Staphylococcus saprophyticus: Second cause of UTI (painful, frequent urination) in young females.
- Streptococcus pneumoniae: Red, bulging tympanic membrane, ear pain, infection after recent dentist visit.
- Streptococcus viridans (S. mutans and S. mitis): Similar to Streptococcus pneumoniae.
- Streptococcus pyogenes: Sore throat with white exudate, no cough, M protein Ab, molecular mimicry.
- Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Strep): Baby with meningitis, pneumonia or sepsis, screen mom at 35-37 wk pregnancy.
- Streptococcus Bovis (gallolyticus): Underlying colon cancer in patient with fever and new murmur.
- Bacillus cereus: N/V 1-5 hours after eating rice, unpasteurized dairy, deli, tumbling motility, grows at low temp.
- Listeria: Unpasteurized dairy, deli, tumbling motility, grows at low temp.
- Nocardia: Branching G+ rod, acid-fast staining, lung infection.
- Actinomyces: Branching G+ rod, yellow sulfur granules, face infection after dentist.
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Fever, night sweats, weight loss, hemoptysis, caseating necrosis, IFNgamma for granulomas, acid fast, cavitation at apex of lung.
- MAC (Mycobacterium avium complex): AIDS patient with CD4 < 50, skin and nerves affected, immigrant, lion like face.
- Mycobacterium laprae: Similar to MAC in presentation.
Microbiology - Fungi
- Histoplasma: Mississippi and Ohio, macrophages filled with pathogen, exploring caves, bird and bat droppings.
- Blastomyces: Eastern, central US, broad-based budding.
- Coccidioides: California, Arizona, circle-shaped spherules filled with endospores.
- Dermatophytes (Microsporum, Trichophyton, Epidermophyton): Itching between toes, thick nails, flower-shaped scaly, itchy lesions on head/body/inguinal region.
- Tinea versicolor: Hypopigmented spots on back, spaghetti and meatball.
- Candida albicans: White patches in mouth that scrape off, white thick vaginal discharge.
Microbiology - Viruses
- HSV: Painful vesicles around mouth, genitals or finger, latent, recurrent, enveloped DS DNA virus.
- HPV 6 and 11: Fleshy, cauliflower-shaped genital lesions, postcoital bleeding.
- HPV 16 and 18: Similar to HPV 6 and 11.
- JC Virus - PML: HIV pt with demyelinated plaques + memory decline.
- Parvovirus: Non-enveloped SS DNA, newborn with hydrops fetalis, child with red cheeks, look like they got slapped, low Hb, Hct, reticulocytes in SS pt.
- Zoster: Elder pt with painful vesicles on one side of trunk, doesn't cross midline.
- EBV: Teenager with sore throat, enlarged liver and spleen, avoid sports, infects B cells, atypical T cells seen on PBS.
- CMV: AIDS pt with esophagitis and retinitis, owl's eye inclusions.
- HHV 6/7: Baby gets a fever first, then gets rash later
- HHV 8: AIDS pt gets dark purple lesions on the body
- Rhinovirus: Common cold, uses ICAM-1 receptor.
Microbiology - Parasites
- Giardia: Fatty smelly diarrhea after hiking/camping.
- Entamoeba histolytica: RUQ pain and bloody diarrhea, liver abscesses, flask-shaped ulcers.
- Cryptosporidium: AIDS pt + watery diarrhea, acid-fast staining.
- Toxoplasma: Cat feces or undercooked meat, AIDS pt + multiple ring enhancing lesions in brain, baby + intracranial calcifications.
Microbiology - Other Parasites, and Fungi
- Naegleria fowleri: Death after swimming, pathogen gets into cribriform plate.
- T. brucei: Transmitted by Tsetse fly, fever, sleepy, trypomastigote seen in blood smear.
- P. vivax/ovale: Travel outside of US, fever comes and goes, anemia, ring form in RBCs, hypnozoite in liver.
- Babesia: No travel outside of US, fever, anemia, tetrads/cross form in RBCs.
- T. cruzi: Travel to South America, big heart, colon, esophagus and eyes, trypomastigote seen in blood smear.
- Leishmania: Transmitted by sandfly, organ or skin lesions, amastigotes in macrophages.
- Trichomonas: Green vaginal discharge, punctate hemorrhages on cervix (strawberry cervix), motile organisms on wet mount.
- Enterobius vermicularis: Child with itchy bum, eggs seen on tape test,
Microbiology - Other
- Ascaris lumbricoides: Lung and GI, thick, knobby coated, oval shaped eggs, lung, GI, skin, larvae in feces.
- Strongyloides stercoralis: Lung, GI, skin, larvae in feces.
- Ancylostoma, Necator (hookworm): Walking barefoot at the beach, low Hb, Hct and MCV, itchy foot with picture of serpiginous rash on foot.
- Trichinella: Eat undercooked pork, muscle pain.
- Onchocerca: Black fly, blindness.
- Wuchereria and Brugia: Worm invades lymph nodes, lymphedema.
- Taenia solium: Eat undercooked pork, cysts in the brain, seizures.
- D. latum: Eat raw fish, causes B12 deficiency.
- Echinococcus: Eat dog feces, egg shell calcifications and cysts in liver, anaphylaxis can occur due to rupture of cysts.
- Schistosoma: Water with snails, immigrant, bloody urine, bladder squamous cell carcinoma, terminal spine on egg.
- Clonorchis: Eat raw fish, cause gallstones and cholangiocarcinoma.
- Sarcoptes scabiei: Itching between fingers and toes.
- Lice (Pediculus humanus): Itchy head, body or pubic itching.
- Mycoplasma pneumonia: Young, healthy pt gets non-productive cough and diffuse infiltrate in lungs, lacks cell wall, grows on Eaton agar, IgM, cold agglutination.
- Gardnerella - Bacterial vaginosis: Female has thin, grey, fishy vaginal discharge, epithelial cells covered in bacteria (clue cells).
- Measles, Rubeola: Cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, Koplik spots in mouth, fever, rash. Paramyxovirus.
- Rubella: Fever, rash, lymphadenopathy, baby with deafness, cataracts, and PDA. Togavirus.
- COVID-19: Fever, dry cough, SOB, loss of taste and smell.
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Description
Test your knowledge on various infectious diseases and the organisms responsible for them. This quiz covers key clinical presentations, associated symptoms, and specific pathogens linked to significant conditions. Perfect for students in microbiology or medicine!
