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Questions and Answers
What is a common complication associated with measles?
What is a common complication associated with measles?
Which statement accurately describes the mumps virus?
Which statement accurately describes the mumps virus?
How is the Marburg virus primarily spread among humans?
How is the Marburg virus primarily spread among humans?
What is the function of oseltamivir in influenza treatment?
What is the function of oseltamivir in influenza treatment?
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What is a major limitation of the influenza vaccine?
What is a major limitation of the influenza vaccine?
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What is the primary method of transmission for Rhinoviruses?
What is the primary method of transmission for Rhinoviruses?
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Which of the following is true regarding the Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV)?
Which of the following is true regarding the Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV)?
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What is a characteristic symptom of Dengue Fever during the second phase of infection?
What is a characteristic symptom of Dengue Fever during the second phase of infection?
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How is polio mainly transmitted?
How is polio mainly transmitted?
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What condition may occur following reinfection with Dengue Fever?
What condition may occur following reinfection with Dengue Fever?
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Which vaccine can induce herd immunity?
Which vaccine can induce herd immunity?
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What is a potential complication of rubella infection in pregnant women?
What is a potential complication of rubella infection in pregnant women?
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What is a common result of mumps infection?
What is a common result of mumps infection?
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Study Notes
Rhinoviruses
- Cause most colds, affecting the upper respiratory tract
- Spread via aerosols, fomites, or direct contact
- People develop immunity to specific serotypes
- Immunity decreases with age
Polio
- Spread through person-to-person contact or contaminated food/water
- Two types of vaccines:
- Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV): Effective, inexpensive, and stable; no risk of vaccine-related disease
- Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV): Mimics natural infection, easy administration, and can generate herd immunity; risk of vaccine-related disease
- Postpolio syndrome: Deterioration of polio-affected muscles
Dengue Fever
- Flavivirus transmitted by mosquitoes
- Initial symptoms: Fever, weakness, edema, and severe pain
- Second phase: Rash and return of fever
- Dengue hemorrhagic fever: Reinfection can lead to internal bleeding, shock, and potentially death
- No treatment is currently available
Yellow Fever
- Spread by Aedes mosquitoes
- Natural hosts are monkeys and humans
- Symptoms: Hepatitis, hemorrhagic fever, and shock
Rubella
- Infection starts in the respiratory system, spreading throughout the body
- Characterized by a rash of flat, pink to red spots
- Usually not serious in children
- Can lead to arthritis/encephalitis in adults
- Pregnant women can transmit it to their offspring. Leading to birth defects.
- Vaccination can reduce spread and severity
Mumps
- Virus infects the upper respiratory system, spreading to other organs
- Results in painful swelling of the salivary glands.
- Other associated complications include orchitis, meningitis, pancreatitis, and deafness
- Vaccination has almost eliminated mumps in industrialized countries
Measles
- Spread through respiratory droplets
- Initial symptoms are Koplik's spots in the mouth, followed by a rash
- Potential complications include pneumonia, encephalitis, and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)
- Vaccination has eliminated endemic measles in the US
Rubella, Marburg, and other Hemorrhagic Fevers
- Rubella is a virus spread by respiratory secretions.
- Marburg and Ebola are hemorrhagic fevers, caused by viruses.
- Fruit bats are a likely natural reservoir.
- Transmission to humans is unknown in some cases
Influenza
- Signs and symptoms include fever, malaise, headache, and myalgia
- Involves the respiratory system
- Incubation period is roughly one day
- Treatment includes antiviral drugs
- Prevention includes vaccination
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Description
Explore the key concepts of infectious diseases such as rhinoviruses, polio, dengue fever, and yellow fever. This quiz covers their transmission modes, symptoms, vaccines, and immunity issues. Test your knowledge on these significant health topics!
