Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of the flu?
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of the flu?
The Black Death was caused by a virus.
The Black Death was caused by a virus.
False (B)
What treatment is recommended for chickenpox?
What treatment is recommended for chickenpox?
Acyclovir
Measles is caused by the ______ virus.
Measles is caused by the ______ virus.
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Match the disease with its corresponding incubation period:
Match the disease with its corresponding incubation period:
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Which of the following bacteria is responsible for causing tetanus?
Which of the following bacteria is responsible for causing tetanus?
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Hantavirus is transmitted through contaminated water and food.
Hantavirus is transmitted through contaminated water and food.
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What are the symptoms of viral meningitis?
What are the symptoms of viral meningitis?
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The incubation period for the common cold is typically ___ days.
The incubation period for the common cold is typically ___ days.
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Match the following foodborne pathogens with their main source:
Match the following foodborne pathogens with their main source:
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What is the primary prevention method for foodborne illnesses?
What is the primary prevention method for foodborne illnesses?
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Prions are infectious agents that have a genome.
Prions are infectious agents that have a genome.
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What can result in food intoxication?
What can result in food intoxication?
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___ is a common symptom of cholera caused by Vibrio cholerae.
___ is a common symptom of cholera caused by Vibrio cholerae.
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Match the regulatory agencies with their functions:
Match the regulatory agencies with their functions:
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Which symptom is associated with Hepatitis A?
Which symptom is associated with Hepatitis A?
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Food infection results from ingesting live pathogenic microorganisms in food.
Food infection results from ingesting live pathogenic microorganisms in food.
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What is the primary risk group for foodborne illness?
What is the primary risk group for foodborne illness?
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___ are infectious protein particles leading to diseases like mad cow disease.
___ are infectious protein particles leading to diseases like mad cow disease.
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Match the symptoms with the corresponding condition:
Match the symptoms with the corresponding condition:
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Flashcards
Flu Symptoms
Flu Symptoms
Fever, muscle aches, lethargy, headache, sore throat, congestion, and cough.
Chickenpox Pathogenesis
Chickenpox Pathogenesis
Enters via the upper respiratory tract, then bloodstream to skin; causes itchy bumps and blisters.
Measles Symptoms
Measles Symptoms
Rash, fever, weepy eyes, cough, and nasal discharge are typical symptoms.
Mono Symptoms
Mono Symptoms
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Black Death Cause
Black Death Cause
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Tetanus
Tetanus
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Viral Meningitis
Viral Meningitis
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Common Cold
Common Cold
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Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome
Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome
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Foodborne diseases
Foodborne diseases
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Food intoxication
Food intoxication
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Food infection
Food infection
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Prions
Prions
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Campylobacter jejuni
Campylobacter jejuni
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Clostridium botulinum
Clostridium botulinum
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Escherichia coli O157:H7
Escherichia coli O157:H7
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Salmonella
Salmonella
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Norovirus
Norovirus
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Study Notes
Infectious Diseases
-
Flu (Influenza):
- Cause: Influenza virus
- Symptoms: Fever, muscle aches, lethargy, headache, sore throat, congestion, cough
- Incubation period: 1-2 days
- Pathogenesis: Infects respiratory epithelium, follows a lytic cycle
- Constant mutation, glycoprotein spikes used for vaccines
- Treatment: Tamiflu (Amantadine) within the first 24 hours
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Chickenpox (Varicella):
- Cause: Varicella virus
- Symptoms: Itchy bumps and blisters, fever; can lead to shingles later (latent infection)
- Incubation period: 10-21 days
- Pathogenesis: Enters via respiratory tract, then bloodstream, finally the skin
- Highly contagious; spreads through weeping lesions and respiratory secretions
- Prevention: Attenuated vaccine, passive immunity (immune globulin), antiviral (acyclovir)
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Measles (Rubeola):
- Cause: Rubeola virus
- Symptoms: Rash, fever, weepy eyes, cough, nasal discharge
- Incubation period: 10-12 days
- Pathogenesis: Begins in the respiratory tract, spreads to lymph nodes, then throughout the body
- Prevention: Attenuated vaccine, administered in childhood (two doses)
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Black Death (Plague):
- Cause: Bacteria
- Symptoms: Sudden high fever, large lymph nodes (buboes), skin hemorrhages, bloody cough
- Incubation period: 1-6 days
- Pathogenesis: Transmitted via flea bites; rodents and other wild animals can be carriers
- Prevention: Vaccine not widely used, not prevalent enough
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Infectious Mononucleosis (Mono):
- Also known as "kissing disease"
- Cause: Virus
- Incubation period: 1-2 months
- Symptoms: Fatigue, sore throat, fever, swollen lymph nodes, enlarged liver/spleen (avoid exertion), rash, aches
- Transmission: Saliva; latent infection (asymptomatic for life)
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Tetanus (Lockjaw):
- Cause: Clostridium Tetani bacteria
- Symptoms: Restlessness, irritability, difficulty swallowing, muscle pain & spasms (jaw or entire body)
- Incubation period: 3 days to 3 weeks (average 8 days)
- Pathogenesis: Endotoxin from bacteria travels to the brain and spinal cord
- Transmission: Soil; puncture wounds
- Prevention: Childhood toxoid vaccine (acellular vaccine)
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Viral Meningitis:
- Symptoms: Abrupt fever, headache, stiff neck, vomiting, rash, chest pain
- Incubation period: 1-2 weeks (enterovirus), 2-4 weeks (mumps)
- Cause: Primarily enteroviruses, mumps more common in unvaccinated areas
- Transmission: Fecal-oral route
- Prevention: Handwashing, avoiding pools, mumps vaccine
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Common Cold:
- Cause: Rhinoviruses
- Symptoms: Scratchy throat, nasal discharge, headache, cough
- Incubation period: 1-2 days
- Pathogenesis: Inhaled droplets, viruses attach to respiratory epithelium
- Prevention: Handwashing, avoiding touching face, staying home when sick
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Hantavirus:
- Symptoms: Fever, muscle aches, vomiting, diarrhea, cough, shortness of breath, shock
- Incubation period: 8 days to 8 weeks
- Cause: Zoonotic disease; field mice urine is a source
- Symptoms: Fever, muscle aches, vomiting, diarrhea, cough, shortness of breath, shock
Foodborne Illness
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Foodborne Illness Groups at Risk: Pregnant women, older adults, young children, immunocompromised individuals
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Signs of Food Poisoning (Gastroenteritis): Diarrhea, vomiting, bloody diarrhea, fever, dehydration
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Food Intoxication: Ingesting toxins produced by existing microorganisms in food (canned food, anaerobic environments).
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Food Infection: Ingesting live microorganisms that grow in the intestines (improper cooking, cross-contamination).
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Food Poisoning Prevention:
- Clean produce.
- Store food properly
- Inspect meat/seafood.
- Prepare food properly (adequate cooking).
- Practice sanitation (gloves, handwashing).
- Restrict sick individuals from food handling.
- Serve food promptly.
- Use pure water.
Foodborne Illnesses and Pathogens
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Campylobacter jejuni: Raw/undercooked poultry, unpasteurized milk, contaminated water; causes diarrhea (bloody), abdominal cramps, vomiting, fever, tiredness.
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Clostridium botulinum (Botulism): Home-canned foods (low acidity), improperly canned commercial foods, herb oils; causes vomiting, diarrhea, blurred vision, drooping eyelids, slurred speech, dry mouth, weak muscles.
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Clostridium perfringens: Raw/undercooked meat, gravy, dried food; causes abdominal pain, watery diarrhea, vomiting, nausea.
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Escherichia coli O157:H7: Raw or undercooked meat, raw fruits/vegetables, unpasteurized milk/juice, contaminated water; causes nausea, bloody diarrhea, abdominal cramps.
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Listeria monocytogenes: Raw/inadequately pasteurized dairy, lunch meats, frankfurters; causes fever, muscle aches, nausea, diarrhea, premature delivery (pregnant women).
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Salmonella: Raw poultry, eggs, beef, fruit, alfalfa sprouts, unpasteurized milk; causes diarrhea, fever, abdominal cramps, severe headache.
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Shigella: Raw/undercooked food, flies; causes fever, tiredness, watery/bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain.
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Staphylococcus aureus: Improper refrigeration of meats, potato/egg salads, cream pastries; causes sudden nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps.
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Vibrio cholerae (Cholera): Contaminated water, undercooked foods (floods); causes watery diarrhea, vomiting.
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Hepatitis A: Mollusks (oysters, clams, mussels, scallops, cockles), contaminated water, contaminated soda; causes jaundice, fatigue, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, nausea, diarrhea, fever.
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Norovirus: Raw/undercooked shellfish, contaminated water (cruise ship virus); causes nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, headache, fever.
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Trichinella: Raw/undercooked pork, or carnivorous animals (bear meat); causes acute nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, fatigue, fever, abdominal pain.
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Giardia intestinalis (Beaver Fever): Contaminated water, uncooked foods (hikers); causes massive diarrhea, flatulence, stomach cramps.
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Aspergillus flavus: Mold (alpha-toxin); wheat, flour, peanuts, soybeans; causes liver damage and neurological issues.
Government Agencies Involved in Food Safety
- Food and Drug Administration (FDA): Ensures safety/wholesomeness of foods (processed/sold interstate, excluding meat, poultry and eggs).
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA): Regulates meat, poultry, and eggs.
- Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): Regulates pesticides and establishes water quality standards.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): Monitors foodborne illness. (more information needed)
- Federal Trade Commission (FTC): Regulates business practices, curbing false advertising, misleading pricing, and deceptive packaging/labeling.
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Description
Test your knowledge on infectious diseases including flu, chickenpox, and measles. This quiz covers causes, symptoms, treatment options, and prevention strategies for these common viral infections. Perfect for students and health professionals alike.
