54 Questions
What is the function of keratin in the skin?
Waterproofs the skin and protects from microbial invasion
Which layer of the skin contains nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels?
Dermis
What is the primary cause of acne?
Increased sebum production and blockage of follicle ducts
Which of the following skin diseases is caused by Staphylococcus bacteria?
Impetigo
What can trauma to the skin, such as cuts or burns, lead to?
Infection of deeper tissues by microbes
What is the function of the subcutaneous layer of the skin?
Provides insulation and cushioning for the body
What is the primary prevention for cold sores caused by Herpes simplex virus (HSV)?
Avoid close contact with an individual experiencing an outbreak
What is the cause of smallpox, which was eradicated through vaccination in 1977?
Variola virus
Which vaccine is highly effective in preventing Rubella, also known as German measles?
MMR vaccine
What is the main mode of transmission of warts caused by papillomaviruses?
Direct contact and fomites
What is the primary cause of conjunctivitis, also known as 'pink eye'?
Various organisms and viruses
What is the main mode of transmission of Leishmaniasis?
Transmitted by female sand flies
What are potential complications of otitis media?
Mastoiditis and meningitis
Which bacteria is NOT mentioned as a cause of otitis media?
E. coli
What is the CNS composed of?
Brain, spinal cord, and neurons
How can pathogens access the CNS?
Through breaks in the bones and meninges
What are examples of bacterial diseases of the nervous system?
Meningitis, tetanus, and botulism
How is bacterial meningitis mostly transmitted?
Through respiratory droplets
What causes the development of acne?
Accumulation of colonizing bacteria and sebum
How is impetigo caused?
By Staphylococcus bacteria
What virus causes chickenpox?
Varicella-zoster virus
How is cat scratch disease transmitted?
Through cat bites or scratches
What causes gas gangrene?
Clostridium perfringens
What is the cause of scalded skin syndrome?
Exfoliative exotoxin from S. aureus
Which disease is transmitted through the fecal-oral route?
Poliovirus
Which disease is diagnosed postmortem by detecting Negri bodies in the brain?
Rabies
Which disease can be prevented through vaccination?
vCJD
Which disease is caused by an abnormal form of prion?
vCJD
Which disease is transmitted by the Tse Tse fly in equatorial Africa?
African Trypanosomiasis
Which disease prevents muscle contraction and leads to double vision and difficulty swallowing?
Botulism
Match the skin layer with its primary function:
Epidermis = Waterproofs the skin and protects from microbial invasion Dermis = Source for epidermis cells and contains nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels Subcutaneous layer = Provides insulation and serves as a cushion for the body Normal flora = Survive dry and salty conditions and dense populations in the skin folds
Match the skin disease with its description:
Acne = Increased sebum production and blocked follicle ducts Impetigo = Bacterial skin infection resulting in honey-colored crusts Cellulitis = Bacterial infection causing skin redness and swelling Warts = Caused by papillomaviruses and results in skin growths
Match the skin disease with its potential prevention or treatment method:
Acne = Prevention through good skin hygiene and genetic factors Impetigo = Treatment with antibiotics Cellulitis = Treatment with antibiotics Warts = Prevention through vaccination
Match the skin disease with its potential complications or severity:
Acne = Most common skin disorder Impetigo = Can result in severe or fatal diseases if left untreated Cellulitis = Can result in severe or fatal diseases if left untreated Warts = Can lead to large skin lesions and discomfort
Match the following diseases with their causative agents:
Cold sores = Herpes simplex virus Smallpox = Variola virus Measles = Rubeola virus Rubella = Rubella virus
Match the following diseases with their mode of transmission:
Cold sores = Fomites and direct contact Measles = Respiratory droplets Rubella = Respiratory droplets Warts = Direct contact and fomites
Match the following diseases with their primary prevention method:
Cold sores = Avoid close contact during outbreaks Smallpox = Vaccination Measles = MMR vaccine Rubella = MMR vaccine
Match the following diseases with their potential treatments:
Cold sores = Acyclovir Smallpox = Cidofovir Measles = MMR vaccine Rubella = MMR vaccine
Match the following skin infections with their causative agents:
Warts = Papillomaviruses Mycoses = Fungi Leishmaniasis = Leishmania protozoan Conjunctivitis = Various organisms and viruses
Match the following skin infections with their symptoms:
Measles = Fever, runny nose, cough, and red rash Leishmaniasis = Cutaneous, mucocutaneous, or visceral symptoms Conjunctivitis = Inflammation, itching, burning, and redness of the eyes and eyelids Cold sores = Recurrent lesions
Match the following bacteria with their associated diseases of the nervous system:
S. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, S. aureus = Otitis media, Mastoiditis, Meningitis Neisseria meningitidis = Acute onset of fever, headache, and stiff neck Blood-sucking arthropods = Arboviral encephalitis, mild cold-like symptoms Infectious proteins = Prion diseases, spongiform encephalopathies like mad cow disease
Match the following symptoms with the types of meningitis:
Acute onset of fever, headache, and stiff neck = Bacterial meningitis Generally milder and usually resolve in 2 weeks = Viral meningitis Transmitted mostly through respiratory droplets = Bacterial meningitis Prevention through good hygiene and no specific treatment = Viral meningitis
Match the following nervous system diseases with their causes:
Meningitis, encephalitis, rabies, poliomyelitis = Viral diseases Tetanus, botulism, African sleeping sickness = Nervous system diseases Meningitis, caused by bacteria infecting nervous system cells or releasing toxins = Bacterial diseases Arboviral encephalitis = Transmitted by blood-sucking arthropods
Match the following complications with their associated diseases:
Mastoiditis and meningitis = Potential complications of otitis media 15% mortality rate for treated cases = Bacterial meningitis Can cause mild, cold-like symptoms = Arboviral encephalitis Diagnosed based on signs and symptoms = Arboviral encephalitis
Match the skin or wound disease with its causative agent:
Acne = Colonizing bacteria and sebum Boils, furuncles, and carbuncles = S. aureus Impetigo = Staphylococcus Scalded skin syndrome = Exfoliative exotoxin from S. aureus
Match the skin or wound disease with its description:
Necrotizing fasciitis = Tissue necrosis, treated with clindamycin and penicillin Cat scratch disease = Transmitted through cat bites or scratches, diagnosed with serological testing Pseudomonas infection = Involves adhesins, toxins, and a polysaccharide capsule, can occur in burn victims Gas gangrene = Associated with crushing or dirty wounds, high mortality rate
Match the skin or wound disease with its causative agent:
Leprosy = Mycobacterium leprae Chickenpox = Varicella-zoster virus Shingles = Reactivated VZV Smallpox = Eradicated through vaccination in 1977
Match the description with the skin or wound disease:
Chickenpox = Characterized by lesions on the back and trunk that spread across the body Shingles = Lesions localized to skin along an infected nerve, virus becomes latent in nerve ganglia
Match the infectious disease with its primary mode of transmission:
Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD) = Caused by an abnormal form of prion Rabies = Transmitted through contact with infected animal body fluids Poliovirus = Transmitted through the fecal-oral route Tetanus = Caused by a unique tennis racket morphology of Clostridium tetani
Match the infectious disease with its characteristic symptoms:
Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD) = Insomnia, weight loss, memory failure, progressive muscle control deterioration Rabies = Anxiety, impaired swallowing, coma, and death Poliovirus = Asymptomatic to paralysis, muscle atrophy, deformities Tetanus = Muscle contraction inhibition, rigid 'spastic' paralysis
Match the infectious disease with its preventable method:
Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD) = No treatment available Rabies = Immunizing pets and people Poliovirus = Preventable through vaccination Tetanus = No treatment available
Match the infectious disease with its diagnosis method:
Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD) = Based on characteristic signs and symptoms Rabies = Diagnosed postmortem by detecting Negri bodies in the brain Poliovirus = Clinical diagnosis based on symptoms Tetanus = Clinical diagnosis based on symptoms
Match the disease with its unique feature:
Rabies = Two main forms: furious rabies and dumb rabies Tetanus = Unique tennis racket morphology of Clostridium tetani Botulism = Has three types and prevents muscle contraction African Trypanosomiasis = Transmitted by the Tse Tse fly in equatorial Africa
Match the infectious disease with its potential complications:
Rabies = Can lead to coma and death Poliovirus = Can lead to muscle atrophy and deformities Tetanus = Descending muscular paralysis African Trypanosomiasis = Eventually coma and death
Study Notes
Infectious Diseases Affecting the Nervous System
- Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD) symptoms include insomnia, weight loss, and memory failure, with progressive muscle control deterioration.
- vCJD is caused by an abnormal form of prion that can remain dormant for many years.
- Rabies is transmitted through contact with infected animal body fluids, with an incubation period of 1-2 months. It replicates in muscle cells then moves into neurons.
- Rabies symptoms include anxiety, impaired swallowing, and can lead to coma and death, with two main forms: furious rabies and dumb rabies.
- Poliovirus is transmitted through the fecal-oral route, with symptoms ranging from asymptomatic to paralysis, and it can lead to muscle atrophy and deformities.
- Tetanus symptoms include muscle contraction inhibition and rigid “spastic” paralysis, with a unique tennis racket morphology of Clostridium tetani.
- Botulism has three types and prevents muscle contraction, leading to double vision, difficulty swallowing, and descending muscular paralysis.
- African Trypanosomiasis, or sleeping sickness, is caused by two protists and is transmitted by the Tse Tse fly in equatorial Africa, leading to fever, malaise, and eventually coma and death.
- Primary Amebic Meningoencephalopathy is caused by Acanthamoeba and Naegleria, entering the host through skin abrasions or contaminated water inhalation.
- Diagnosis of vCJD is based on characteristic signs and symptoms, while rabies is diagnosed postmortem by detecting Negri bodies in the brain.
- There is no treatment for vCJD, rabies, and primary amebic meningoencephalopathy, but polio is preventable through vaccination.
- Prevention of these diseases includes avoiding prion-contaminated meat, immunizing pets and people against rabies, and controlling Tse Tse flies to decrease African Trypanosomiasis.
Infectious Diseases Affecting the Nervous System
- Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD) symptoms include insomnia, weight loss, and memory failure, with progressive muscle control deterioration.
- vCJD is caused by an abnormal form of prion that can remain dormant for many years.
- Rabies is transmitted through contact with infected animal body fluids, with an incubation period of 1-2 months. It replicates in muscle cells then moves into neurons.
- Rabies symptoms include anxiety, impaired swallowing, and can lead to coma and death, with two main forms: furious rabies and dumb rabies.
- Poliovirus is transmitted through the fecal-oral route, with symptoms ranging from asymptomatic to paralysis, and it can lead to muscle atrophy and deformities.
- Tetanus symptoms include muscle contraction inhibition and rigid “spastic” paralysis, with a unique tennis racket morphology of Clostridium tetani.
- Botulism has three types and prevents muscle contraction, leading to double vision, difficulty swallowing, and descending muscular paralysis.
- African Trypanosomiasis, or sleeping sickness, is caused by two protists and is transmitted by the Tse Tse fly in equatorial Africa, leading to fever, malaise, and eventually coma and death.
- Primary Amebic Meningoencephalopathy is caused by Acanthamoeba and Naegleria, entering the host through skin abrasions or contaminated water inhalation.
- Diagnosis of vCJD is based on characteristic signs and symptoms, while rabies is diagnosed postmortem by detecting Negri bodies in the brain.
- There is no treatment for vCJD, rabies, and primary amebic meningoencephalopathy, but polio is preventable through vaccination.
- Prevention of these diseases includes avoiding prion-contaminated meat, immunizing pets and people against rabies, and controlling Tse Tse flies to decrease African Trypanosomiasis.
Test your knowledge of infectious diseases affecting the nervous system with this quiz. Explore symptoms, transmission, and prevention methods for diseases like vCJD, rabies, poliovirus, tetanus, botulism, African trypanosomiasis, and more.
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