Infectious Diseases and Pathogens Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary cause of Tuberculosis?

  • Staphylococcus bacteria
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria (correct)
  • Rhinoviruses

    • Endogenous microorganisms are those that are not normally found in the human body.

    False

    Name a common viral infection mentioned in the content.

    The common cold

    The treatment for staphylococcal infections is ________.

    <p>antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following infections with their symptoms:

    <p>Strep throat = Sore throat, fever, rash Staphylococcal infections = Acne, boils, fever Pneumonia = Chronic cough, chest pain The flu = Fever, aches, nausea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathogen is responsible for causing the flu?

    <p>Influenza A or B viruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Treatment for viral infections is generally more straightforward than for bacterial infections.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major symptom of tuberculosis?

    <p>Persistent coughing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ________ infections are caused by the Streptococcus bacteria.

    <p>Streptococcal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common bacterial infection?

    <p>Pneumonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of Mononucleosis?

    <p>Epstein-Barr virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Measles is less contagious than many other infectious diseases.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the common symptoms of Chicken pox?

    <p>Itchy skin eruptions, blisters, fever, tiredness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ can cause sterility in men.

    <p>mumps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment is recommended for COVID-19?

    <p>Quarantine at home</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the disease with its primary prevention method:

    <p>Measles = Vaccine (2 doses) Mumps = Vaccine (2 doses) Chicken pox = Vaccine COVID-19 = Vaccine and physical distancing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Symptoms of COVID-19 can appear after 3 weeks.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major symptom of Mumps?

    <p>Swelling of salivary glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ virus is responsible for causing Chicken pox.

    <p>varicella-zoster</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following diseases is known to have a rash as a symptom?

    <p>Chicken pox</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Infectious Diseases

    • Pathogens are found almost everywhere.
    • Bacteria and viruses are two common types of pathogens.
    • Most deaths from infectious diseases are caused by a small number of diseases.
    • The immune system helps to protect against pathogens.
    • Epidemics are disease outbreaks affecting many people in a community or region at the same time.
    • Endogenous microorganisms are normally found in the human body and are usually harmless.
    • Exogenous microorganisms are not normally found in the human body and can produce infection/illness.

    Types of Pathogens

    Bacteria

    • Bacteria are single-celled organisms.
    • Bacteria are visible under a light microscope.
    • Only about 100 types of bacteria cause diseases in humans.
    • Some bacteria produce toxins.
    • Bacteria can be treated with antibiotics.

    Viruses

    • Viruses cannot exist outside of a cell.
    • Viruses are visible under an electron microscope.
    • Over 150 types of viruses cause diseases in humans.
    • Viruses are difficult to treat.

    Common Pathogens

    Bacteria

    • Staphylococcal infections
    • Streptococcal infections
    • Pneumonia
    • Tuberculosis

    Viruses

    • Common cold
    • Flu
    • Mononucleosis
    • Measles
    • Mumps
    • Chicken pox
    • COVID-19

    Staphylococcal Infections

    • Cause: Staphylococcus bacteria (endogenous).
    • Transmission: broken skin.
    • Symptoms: Acne, boils, styes, infected cuts, toxic shock syndrome (TSS), high fever, headache, vomiting, diarrhea, chills, rapid pulse.
    • Treatment: antibiotics.

    Streptococcal Infections

    • Cause: Streptococcus bacteria.
    • Transmission: Direct and indirect contact, airborne.
    • Symptoms: Strep throat, scarlet fever (acute fever, sore throat, rash), rheumatic fever (inflammation of joints, heart, nervous system).
    • Treatment: antibiotics.

    Pneumonia

    • Cause: Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria.
    • Transmission: Indirect contact, airborne, hospital stays, long-term care homes.
    • Symptoms: Chronic cough, chest pain, chills, high fever, fluid accumulation in lungs.
    • Treatment: antibiotics.

    Tuberculosis

    • Cause: Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria.
    • Transmission: airborne.
    • Symptoms: Persistent coughing, weight loss, fever, coughing up blood, often contagious without symptoms.
    • Treatment: antibiotics.

    Common Cold

    • Cause: Rhinoviruses.
    • Transmission: Direct and indirect contact, airborne.
    • Symptoms: Sneezing, stuffy/runny nose, sore throat.
    • Treatment: Bed rest, fluids, pain relievers, OTC drugs for symptom relief.

    The Flu

    • Cause: Influenza A or B viruses.
    • Transmission: Direct and indirect contact, airborne.
    • Symptoms: Fever, aches and pains, nausea, diarrhea.
    • Treatment: Bed rest, fluids.
    • Prevention: Flu vaccine.

    Is it a Cold or the Flu?

    • Differences noted in symptom onset, fever, aches, chills, fatigue, sneezing, stuffy nose, sore throat, chest discomfort/cough, headache.

    Mononucleosis

    • Cause: Epstein-Barr virus.
    • Transmission: Direct and indirect contact, airborne.
    • Symptoms: Sore throat, fever, headache, swollen lymph nodes/tonsils, weakness, fatigue.
    • Treatment: Bed rest, fluids.

    Measles

    • Cause: Measles virus; Rubella is a milder form.
    • Transmission: Indirect, airborne.
    • Symptoms: Itchy rash, fever, dry cough, sore throat, appear 2 weeks after exposure.
    • Treatment: Fluids, OTC pain relievers.
    • Prevention: Vaccine (2 doses).

    Mumps

    • Cause: Mumps virus.
    • Transmission: Direct and indirect contact, airborne.
    • Symptoms: Swelling of salivary glands, pain while chewing/swallowing, fever, headache, weakness, fatigue. May cause sterility in men.
    • Treatment: Rest, OTC pain relievers.
    • Prevention: Vaccine (2 doses).

    Chicken Pox

    • Cause: Varicella-zoster virus.
    • Transmission: Direct contact, airborne.
    • Symptoms: Skin eruptions, itching, blisters, fluid-filled blisters, fever. Shingles is reactivated virus, more serious in adults.
    • Treatment: Stay at home, follow health guidelines, fluids.
    • Prevention: Vaccine.

    COVID-19

    • Cause: Human coronavirus.
    • Transmission: Direct and indirect contact, airborne.
    • Symptoms: New/worse cough, shortness of breath, fever, chills, fatigue, new loss of smell/taste, headache.
    • Treatment: Quarantine at home. May require hospitalization.
    • Prevention: Vaccine, physical distancing (2 meters), and wearing a non-medical mask.

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    Related Documents

    Infectious Disease PDF

    Description

    Explore the fascinating world of infectious diseases and the pathogens that cause them. This quiz covers key concepts such as the differences between bacteria and viruses, the role of the immune system, and the impact of epidemics. Test your understanding of these critical topics in health and disease.

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