Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary route of transmission for the Ebola virus?
What is the primary route of transmission for the Ebola virus?
- Vector-borne
- Direct contact (correct)
- Contaminated water
- Aerosol droplets
What is the recommended minimal time for effective hand washing?
What is the recommended minimal time for effective hand washing?
- 20 seconds (correct)
- 10 seconds
- 30 seconds
- 15 seconds
In what type of asepsis technique is a sterile environment required?
In what type of asepsis technique is a sterile environment required?
- Surgical procedures (correct)
- Injections
- Wound cleaning
- Routine patient care
Which form of infection control involves the use of private rooms and specific attire?
Which form of infection control involves the use of private rooms and specific attire?
Which of the following pathogens is commonly associated with healthcare-associated infections?
Which of the following pathogens is commonly associated with healthcare-associated infections?
What is the purpose of using ultraviolet light in patient care areas?
What is the purpose of using ultraviolet light in patient care areas?
Which type of bacteria requires oxygen for survival?
Which type of bacteria requires oxygen for survival?
What is the primary characteristic of viruses?
What is the primary characteristic of viruses?
Which of the following is considered a reservoir for infectious agents?
Which of the following is considered a reservoir for infectious agents?
In which mode of transmission does an infectious agent require a vector?
In which mode of transmission does an infectious agent require a vector?
What role do prions play in infections?
What role do prions play in infections?
What type of microorganism can be found in soil and has a flexible membrane?
What type of microorganism can be found in soil and has a flexible membrane?
Which disease is associated with helminths?
Which disease is associated with helminths?
What is a key prevention strategy for gastrointestinal tract infections associated with foley catheters?
What is a key prevention strategy for gastrointestinal tract infections associated with foley catheters?
Which medication is typically used to treat Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)?
Which medication is typically used to treat Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)?
Which of the following symptoms is NOT typically associated with MRSA infections?
Which of the following symptoms is NOT typically associated with MRSA infections?
What is an important method to prevent the spread of Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE)?
What is an important method to prevent the spread of Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE)?
What characterizes antibiotic-associated diarrhea?
What characterizes antibiotic-associated diarrhea?
What is a common symptom of Clostridium Difficile infection?
What is a common symptom of Clostridium Difficile infection?
Which treatment is NOT recommended for Clostridium Difficile infection?
Which treatment is NOT recommended for Clostridium Difficile infection?
What is the nursing action associated with monitoring for potential infections?
What is the nursing action associated with monitoring for potential infections?
What is the primary mechanism behind the symptoms observed in anaphylaxis?
What is the primary mechanism behind the symptoms observed in anaphylaxis?
Which of the following symptoms is least likely associated with urticaria?
Which of the following symptoms is least likely associated with urticaria?
In which situation is angioedema considered life-threatening?
In which situation is angioedema considered life-threatening?
What is the purpose of performing skin testing in allergic reactions?
What is the purpose of performing skin testing in allergic reactions?
What occurs during a Type II hypersensitivity reaction?
What occurs during a Type II hypersensitivity reaction?
Which blood type is considered a universal donor?
Which blood type is considered a universal donor?
What is a common source of urticaria?
What is a common source of urticaria?
What is the primary reason for transplant rejection?
What is the primary reason for transplant rejection?
What condition is characterized by antibodies against gastric parietal cells and intrinsic factor?
What condition is characterized by antibodies against gastric parietal cells and intrinsic factor?
Which therapeutic measure is NOT typically used for idiopathic autoimmune hemolytic anemia?
Which therapeutic measure is NOT typically used for idiopathic autoimmune hemolytic anemia?
What is a common complication following transplant surgery?
What is a common complication following transplant surgery?
Which symptom is associated with pernicious anemia?
Which symptom is associated with pernicious anemia?
What can happen if agglutination occurs in idiopathic autoimmune hemolytic anemia?
What can happen if agglutination occurs in idiopathic autoimmune hemolytic anemia?
What is a common therapeutic measure for managing transplant rejection?
What is a common therapeutic measure for managing transplant rejection?
Hashimoto Thyroiditis leads to which ultimate thyroid condition?
Hashimoto Thyroiditis leads to which ultimate thyroid condition?
What is the primary therapeutic measure for patients who have received incompatible blood?
What is the primary therapeutic measure for patients who have received incompatible blood?
What type of hypersensitivity reaction is characterized by immune complexes leading to blood vessel damage?
What type of hypersensitivity reaction is characterized by immune complexes leading to blood vessel damage?
Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with serum sickness?
Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with serum sickness?
How should a nurse respond if an allergic reaction occurs during a blood transfusion?
How should a nurse respond if an allergic reaction occurs during a blood transfusion?
What is the typical time frame for symptoms to develop in serum sickness after exposure to penicillin or sulfonamide?
What is the typical time frame for symptoms to develop in serum sickness after exposure to penicillin or sulfonamide?
What cell type is primarily involved in a Type IV hypersensitivity reaction?
What cell type is primarily involved in a Type IV hypersensitivity reaction?
Which substance is NOT a potential cause of contact dermatitis?
Which substance is NOT a potential cause of contact dermatitis?
Which of the following complications is common in patients allergic to latex?
Which of the following complications is common in patients allergic to latex?
Which of the following is a subjective symptom of liver dysfunction?
Which of the following is a subjective symptom of liver dysfunction?
What is one of the signs of liver transplant rejection?
What is one of the signs of liver transplant rejection?
Which of the following factors is NOT a risk factor for liver cancer?
Which of the following factors is NOT a risk factor for liver cancer?
Which diagnostic test is commonly used to show tumor growth in patients with liver issues?
Which diagnostic test is commonly used to show tumor growth in patients with liver issues?
What therapeutic intervention is used for treating liver cancer by injecting drugs directly into the affected area?
What therapeutic intervention is used for treating liver cancer by injecting drugs directly into the affected area?
What is the most common cause of constipation related to medications?
What is the most common cause of constipation related to medications?
Which of the following is NOT a sign or symptom of diarrhea?
Which of the following is NOT a sign or symptom of diarrhea?
Which dietary choice is most recommended to prevent constipation?
Which dietary choice is most recommended to prevent constipation?
Which complication is specifically linked to prolonged constipation?
Which complication is specifically linked to prolonged constipation?
Which of the following is a key indicator of dehydration in patients with diarrhea?
Which of the following is a key indicator of dehydration in patients with diarrhea?
What is the purpose of using full-strength formula for enteral feeds?
What is the purpose of using full-strength formula for enteral feeds?
Which electrolyte imbalance is a significant concern for older adults experiencing diarrhea?
Which electrolyte imbalance is a significant concern for older adults experiencing diarrhea?
What is the main preventive measure against infections during enteral feeding?
What is the main preventive measure against infections during enteral feeding?
What is a common symptom associated with Crohn's Disease?
What is a common symptom associated with Crohn's Disease?
Which of the following risk factors is commonly associated with chronic constipation?
Which of the following risk factors is commonly associated with chronic constipation?
Which diagnostic test can be used to evaluate Crohn's Disease?
Which diagnostic test can be used to evaluate Crohn's Disease?
What complication can arise from ulcerative colitis?
What complication can arise from ulcerative colitis?
What therapeutic approach is recommended for home treatment of mild diverticulosis?
What therapeutic approach is recommended for home treatment of mild diverticulosis?
Which symptom is NOT typically associated with Crohn's Disease?
Which symptom is NOT typically associated with Crohn's Disease?
What is the most common reason for the development of acute pancreatitis?
What is the most common reason for the development of acute pancreatitis?
What is one of the main concerns when managing a patient with Crohn's Disease?
What is one of the main concerns when managing a patient with Crohn's Disease?
Which sign indicates severe acute pancreatitis and involves discoloration around the umbilicus?
Which sign indicates severe acute pancreatitis and involves discoloration around the umbilicus?
Which demographic is more commonly affected by Crohn's Disease?
Which demographic is more commonly affected by Crohn's Disease?
What diagnostic test result is used to confirm acute pancreatitis?
What diagnostic test result is used to confirm acute pancreatitis?
Which complication is least likely to occur with acute pancreatitis?
Which complication is least likely to occur with acute pancreatitis?
In chronic pancreatitis, what is the main consequence affecting pancreatic function?
In chronic pancreatitis, what is the main consequence affecting pancreatic function?
What is one of the therapeutic interventions recommended for severe acute pancreatitis?
What is one of the therapeutic interventions recommended for severe acute pancreatitis?
Which of the following symptoms is characteristic of acute pancreatitis?
Which of the following symptoms is characteristic of acute pancreatitis?
Which condition is most likely to cause obstruction in chronic pancreatitis?
Which condition is most likely to cause obstruction in chronic pancreatitis?
Which stage of hepatitis is characterized by jaundice and worsening symptoms?
Which stage of hepatitis is characterized by jaundice and worsening symptoms?
What role do direct-acting antiviral medications play in hepatitis treatment?
What role do direct-acting antiviral medications play in hepatitis treatment?
Which nursing diagnosis is related to liver enlargement and requires pain management interventions?
Which nursing diagnosis is related to liver enlargement and requires pain management interventions?
What should be avoided to prevent further liver damage in patients with liver issues?
What should be avoided to prevent further liver damage in patients with liver issues?
Which diagnostic test is considered essential for assessing liver conditions?
Which diagnostic test is considered essential for assessing liver conditions?
What is a common symptom during the prodromal stage of hepatitis?
What is a common symptom during the prodromal stage of hepatitis?
What is the primary purpose of administering antivirals in HBV treatment?
What is the primary purpose of administering antivirals in HBV treatment?
Which of the following statements about hepatitis complications is true?
Which of the following statements about hepatitis complications is true?
What is a common sign or symptom of pancreatic disease?
What is a common sign or symptom of pancreatic disease?
Which of the following is a known risk factor for ductal adenocarcinoma of the exocrine pancreas?
Which of the following is a known risk factor for ductal adenocarcinoma of the exocrine pancreas?
What is a recommended prevention strategy for pancreatic disease?
What is a recommended prevention strategy for pancreatic disease?
Which diagnostic test is primarily used to assess pancreatic health?
Which diagnostic test is primarily used to assess pancreatic health?
What complication may develop from cysts filled with pancreatic enzymes?
What complication may develop from cysts filled with pancreatic enzymes?
Which symptom is most likely to indicate advanced pancreatic cancer?
Which symptom is most likely to indicate advanced pancreatic cancer?
Which therapeutic intervention is crucial for managing pancreatitis?
Which therapeutic intervention is crucial for managing pancreatitis?
What is a common postoperative complication associated with pancreatic surgery?
What is a common postoperative complication associated with pancreatic surgery?
What type of meals is recommended for individuals with pancreatic conditions?
What type of meals is recommended for individuals with pancreatic conditions?
Which test is NOT typically used in the diagnosis of pancreatitis?
Which test is NOT typically used in the diagnosis of pancreatitis?
Which of these are needed for aerobic bacteria to reproduce?
Which of these are needed for aerobic bacteria to reproduce?
Which of these are examples of a vector for infection?
Which of these are examples of a vector for infection?
The upper respiratory tract is lined with hair-like structures called cilia.
The upper respiratory tract is lined with hair-like structures called cilia.
Inflammatory exudate is released during the first stage of the inflammatory response.
Inflammatory exudate is released during the first stage of the inflammatory response.
Which of the following is an example of a gram-positive bacteria?
Which of the following is an example of a gram-positive bacteria?
Which type of immune response is characterized by the production of antibodies?
Which type of immune response is characterized by the production of antibodies?
Which of the following is NOT a way to prevent the spread of infection?
Which of the following is NOT a way to prevent the spread of infection?
Which of these are considered to be a contact precaution?
Which of these are considered to be a contact precaution?
What is the primary method for preventing antibiotic-associated diarrhea?
What is the primary method for preventing antibiotic-associated diarrhea?
Which of the following is NOT a sign or symptom of a possible infection?
Which of the following is NOT a sign or symptom of a possible infection?
The Epstein-Barr virus, which causes infectious mononucleosis, can be spread through kissing.
The Epstein-Barr virus, which causes infectious mononucleosis, can be spread through kissing.
Type I hypersensitivity reactions are mediated by IgE antibodies.
Type I hypersensitivity reactions are mediated by IgE antibodies.
Which type of hypersensitivity reaction involves the destruction of cells or substances that have antigens attached to their cell membranes?
Which type of hypersensitivity reaction involves the destruction of cells or substances that have antigens attached to their cell membranes?
Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is triggered by contact with substances like poison ivy, poison oak, and latex?
Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is triggered by contact with substances like poison ivy, poison oak, and latex?
Autoimmune disorders occur when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues.
Autoimmune disorders occur when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues.
HIV is a retrovirus that only has ribonucleic acid (RNA).
HIV is a retrovirus that only has ribonucleic acid (RNA).
What is the main difference between HIV and AIDS?
What is the main difference between HIV and AIDS?
AIDS wasting syndrome involves a loss of more than 10% of body weight accompanied by chronic diarrhea or fever lasting longer than 30 days.
AIDS wasting syndrome involves a loss of more than 10% of body weight accompanied by chronic diarrhea or fever lasting longer than 30 days.
Which of these options are correct for a patient who may have a susceptible host for infection? (Select all that apply)
Which of these options are correct for a patient who may have a susceptible host for infection? (Select all that apply)
The first line of defense for the human body and the most important is the skin and mucous membranes.
The first line of defense for the human body and the most important is the skin and mucous membranes.
If you are washing your hands using soap and water, you should only lather for 10 seconds.
If you are washing your hands using soap and water, you should only lather for 10 seconds.
Which type of precautions are used for patients with an infection that can be spread through blood, body fluids, and body substances?
Which type of precautions are used for patients with an infection that can be spread through blood, body fluids, and body substances?
It is not necessary to remove a Foley catheter unless it is causing problems.
It is not necessary to remove a Foley catheter unless it is causing problems.
Antibiotic-associated diarrhea is only caused by ampicillin.
Antibiotic-associated diarrhea is only caused by ampicillin.
What is a sign that might indicate a patient has septic shock?
What is a sign that might indicate a patient has septic shock?
What type of virus causes Infectious Mononucleosis?
What type of virus causes Infectious Mononucleosis?
Zika virus is usually spread through direct contact with an infected person.
Zika virus is usually spread through direct contact with an infected person.
What are the possible complications of Ebola? (Select all that apply)
What are the possible complications of Ebola? (Select all that apply)
Which type of asepsis should be used with surgery and other invasive procedures?
Which type of asepsis should be used with surgery and other invasive procedures?
What is the most common HAI (health-care associated infection) in the United States?
What is the most common HAI (health-care associated infection) in the United States?
It is okay to share a toilet at home with someone that has a vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) infection.
It is okay to share a toilet at home with someone that has a vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) infection.
After stopping an antibiotic, diarrhea is usually not a concern.
After stopping an antibiotic, diarrhea is usually not a concern.
It is not necessary to monitor a patient's peak and trough levels if they're on vancomycin.
It is not necessary to monitor a patient's peak and trough levels if they're on vancomycin.
What is the primary function of the lymphatic system?
What is the primary function of the lymphatic system?
The B cells are involved in both the humoral and cell-mediated immune response.
The B cells are involved in both the humoral and cell-mediated immune response.
It is not necessary to teach a patient about always carrying an epinephrine autoinjector if they have a severe allergy.
It is not necessary to teach a patient about always carrying an epinephrine autoinjector if they have a severe allergy.
Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is most common?
Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is most common?
Anaphylaxis is a mild reaction that often occurs as a result of a bee sting.
Anaphylaxis is a mild reaction that often occurs as a result of a bee sting.
It is okay to use a nasal decongestant without talking to your doctor about it.
It is okay to use a nasal decongestant without talking to your doctor about it.
Atopic dermatitis is caused by an antibody deficiency.
Atopic dermatitis is caused by an antibody deficiency.
Urticaria is commonly caused by a viral infection.
Urticaria is commonly caused by a viral infection.
Angioedema is a life-threatening reaction if it involves a blood vessel that is in the upper airway.
Angioedema is a life-threatening reaction if it involves a blood vessel that is in the upper airway.
Patients with blood type O are universal recipients.
Patients with blood type O are universal recipients.
The Rhogam injection is given to all mothers during labor and delivery.
The Rhogam injection is given to all mothers during labor and delivery.
A Type III hypersensitivity reaction is a cell-mediated immune response.
A Type III hypersensitivity reaction is a cell-mediated immune response.
Serum sickness is a severe, chronic condition that affects the immune system.
Serum sickness is a severe, chronic condition that affects the immune system.
Contact dermatitis can only be triggered by soap.
Contact dermatitis can only be triggered by soap.
The majority of people who have a transplant will experience a transplant rejection.
The majority of people who have a transplant will experience a transplant rejection.
Patients who have pernicious anemia cannot absorb vitamin B12 from supplements.
Patients who have pernicious anemia cannot absorb vitamin B12 from supplements.
The most common symptom of Hashimoto thyroiditis is a goiter (enlargement of the thyroid gland).
The most common symptom of Hashimoto thyroiditis is a goiter (enlargement of the thyroid gland).
Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) is the most common form of lupus erythematosus.
Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) is the most common form of lupus erythematosus.
Patients who have ankylosing spondylitis are at a high risk for developing serious infections.
Patients who have ankylosing spondylitis are at a high risk for developing serious infections.
Which of the following are considered treatments for hypogammaglobulinemia? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following are considered treatments for hypogammaglobulinemia? (Select all that apply)
HIV is a retrovirus that can only be acquired through sexual intercourse.
HIV is a retrovirus that can only be acquired through sexual intercourse.
There is a cure for AIDS.
There is a cure for AIDS.
AIDS wasting syndrome is a serious condition that can lead to death.
AIDS wasting syndrome is a serious condition that can lead to death.
The most common opportunistic infections that affect people with AIDS are tuberculosis, pneumocystis pneumonia, and cytomegalovirus.
The most common opportunistic infections that affect people with AIDS are tuberculosis, pneumocystis pneumonia, and cytomegalovirus.
The CD4 T lymphocyte count is a test is used to determine how much HIV is in the blood.
The CD4 T lymphocyte count is a test is used to determine how much HIV is in the blood.
It is not necessary to adjust the antiretroviral therapy for a patient who has HIV depending on their stage of the disease.
It is not necessary to adjust the antiretroviral therapy for a patient who has HIV depending on their stage of the disease.
The primary goal of treating a patient who has HIV is to prevent or delay opportunistic infections.
The primary goal of treating a patient who has HIV is to prevent or delay opportunistic infections.
A common nursing diagnosis used in a patient who has HIV is ineffective protection.
A common nursing diagnosis used in a patient who has HIV is ineffective protection.
It is not possible to determine how much HIV is in a patient's blood without a diagnosis of AIDS.
It is not possible to determine how much HIV is in a patient's blood without a diagnosis of AIDS.
HIV is classified as both a chronic and a retrovirus.
HIV is classified as both a chronic and a retrovirus.
Flashcards
Ebola Transmission
Ebola Transmission
Ebola is spread through direct contact with infected bodily fluids, such as blood, vomit, and feces. It is not spread through the air.
Ebola Symptoms
Ebola Symptoms
Symptoms of Ebola typically appear within 2 to 21 days after exposure and include fever, headache, diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain, muscle pain, unexplained bruising, and bleeding.
Zika Virus Transmission
Zika Virus Transmission
Zika virus is primarily transmitted through the bite of an infected Aedes mosquito.
Zika Virus Symptoms
Zika Virus Symptoms
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Healthcare-Associated Infection (HAI)
Healthcare-Associated Infection (HAI)
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Hand Hygiene in Healthcare
Hand Hygiene in Healthcare
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Medical Asepsis
Medical Asepsis
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Surgical Asepsis
Surgical Asepsis
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Microbiota
Microbiota
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Pathogen
Pathogen
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Aerobic Bacteria
Aerobic Bacteria
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Anaerobic Bacteria
Anaerobic Bacteria
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Virus
Virus
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Reservoir
Reservoir
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Portal of Exit
Portal of Exit
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Direct Transmission
Direct Transmission
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HAI
HAI
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VAP
VAP
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How to Prevent HAIs
How to Prevent HAIs
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MRSA
MRSA
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Clostridium Difficile
Clostridium Difficile
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Antibiotic-associated diarrhea
Antibiotic-associated diarrhea
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Peak/Trough levels
Peak/Trough levels
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Transplant Rejection
Transplant Rejection
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Immunosuppression Therapy
Immunosuppression Therapy
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Pernicious Anemia
Pernicious Anemia
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Hashimoto Thyroiditis
Hashimoto Thyroiditis
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Direct Antiglobulin Test (Coombs Test)
Direct Antiglobulin Test (Coombs Test)
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Autoimmune Disorder
Autoimmune Disorder
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Autoantibodies
Autoantibodies
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Idiopathic Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
Idiopathic Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
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Anaphylaxis
Anaphylaxis
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What are the signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis?
What are the signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis?
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What are some treatments for anaphylaxis?
What are some treatments for anaphylaxis?
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Urticaria
Urticaria
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Angioedema
Angioedema
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What is a hemolytic transfusion reaction?
What is a hemolytic transfusion reaction?
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Type II Hypersensitivity Reactions
Type II Hypersensitivity Reactions
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What are universal donors and recipients?
What are universal donors and recipients?
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What is a type II hypersensitivity reaction?
What is a type II hypersensitivity reaction?
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What is a type III hypersensitivity reaction?
What is a type III hypersensitivity reaction?
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What is a type IV hypersensitivity reaction?
What is a type IV hypersensitivity reaction?
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What is Rhogam?
What is Rhogam?
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Contact Dermatitis
Contact Dermatitis
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Serum Sickness
Serum Sickness
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What are the therapeutic measures for type II hypersensitivity reactions?
What are the therapeutic measures for type II hypersensitivity reactions?
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What are the therapeutic measures for type III hypersensitivity reactions?
What are the therapeutic measures for type III hypersensitivity reactions?
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Constipation
Constipation
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Causes of Constipation
Causes of Constipation
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Complications of Constipation
Complications of Constipation
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Diarrhea
Diarrhea
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Causes of Diarrhea
Causes of Diarrhea
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Dehydration with Diarrhea
Dehydration with Diarrhea
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Hypokalemia
Hypokalemia
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Geriatric Consideration for Diarrhea
Geriatric Consideration for Diarrhea
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Hepatitis B Transmission
Hepatitis B Transmission
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Hepatitis A Symptoms
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Hepatitis C Chronic Infection
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Hepatitis Complications
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Hepatitis Prevention
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Liver Dysfunction Symptoms
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Liver Transplant Candidates
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Liver Transplant Rejection Signs
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Liver Cancer Risk Factors
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Diverticulosis
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Diverticulosis Risk Factors
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Crohn's Disease
Crohn's Disease
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Crohn's Disease Symptoms
Crohn's Disease Symptoms
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Ulcerative Colitis
Ulcerative Colitis
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Ulcerative Colitis Complications
Ulcerative Colitis Complications
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IBD Treatment
IBD Treatment
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IBD Nursing Knowledge
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Acute Pancreatitis
Acute Pancreatitis
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Epigastric Pain
Epigastric Pain
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Board-like Abdomen
Board-like Abdomen
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Turner Sign
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Cullen Sign
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Chronic Pancreatitis
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Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency
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Endocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency
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Causes of Chronic Pancreatitis
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Symptoms of Chronic Pancreatitis
Symptoms of Chronic Pancreatitis
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Ductal Adenocarcinoma of Exocrine Pancreas
Ductal Adenocarcinoma of Exocrine Pancreas
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Risk Factors for Pancreatic Cancer
Risk Factors for Pancreatic Cancer
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Signs and Symptoms of Pancreatic Cancer
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Diagnostic Tests for Pancreatic Cancer
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Therapeutic Measures for Pancreatic Cancer
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Gallbladder Disease
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Most Common Gallbladder Disorder
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Blood Transfusion Priority
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Desquamation
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Informed Consent for Biopsy
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Petechiae
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Thrombocytopenia
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In Situ
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Normal WBC Count
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Hemorrhagic Cystitis
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Radiation Therapy
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Blood Transfusion Solution
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Benign Tumor
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Anemia
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Blood Transfusion Reaction
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Iron Supplement Education
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Bone Marrow Biopsy
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TNM System
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Blood Transfusion Time
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Universal Donor
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Universal Recipient
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Type II Hypersensitivity
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Type III Hypersensitivity
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Type IV Hypersensitivity
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Rhogam
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Client's Right to Refuse Therapy
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St. John's Wort Use
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Alternative Therapy and the Nurse's Role
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First Step for Pain Assessment
First Step for Pain Assessment
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Pain Management Myth
Pain Management Myth
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Respecting Client Wishes in Chronic Illness
Respecting Client Wishes in Chronic Illness
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Advanced Directive's Purpose
Advanced Directive's Purpose
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Pain Assessment Tools
Pain Assessment Tools
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Subjective Data in Pain Assessment
Subjective Data in Pain Assessment
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Objective Data in Pain Assessment
Objective Data in Pain Assessment
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Pain Management Strategies
Pain Management Strategies
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Preventing Opioid-related Respiratory Depression
Preventing Opioid-related Respiratory Depression
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Pain as a Subjective Experience
Pain as a Subjective Experience
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Non-Pharmacological Pain Management
Non-Pharmacological Pain Management
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Client Education in Pain Management
Client Education in Pain Management
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Pain Management Ethical Considerations
Pain Management Ethical Considerations
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Pain Management in End-of-Life Care
Pain Management in End-of-Life Care
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Pain Management: Interdisciplinary Approach
Pain Management: Interdisciplinary Approach
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Pain Management: Cultural Considerations
Pain Management: Cultural Considerations
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Pain Management: Patient-Centered Approach
Pain Management: Patient-Centered Approach
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Pain Management: Holistic Approach
Pain Management: Holistic Approach
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Pain Management: Ongoing Assessment
Pain Management: Ongoing Assessment
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Pain Management: Communication is Key
Pain Management: Communication is Key
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Pain Management: Respecting Individual Preferences
Pain Management: Respecting Individual Preferences
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Pain Management: Understanding the Biopsychosocial Model
Pain Management: Understanding the Biopsychosocial Model
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Pain Management: Empowering the Client
Pain Management: Empowering the Client
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Study Notes
Infectious Agent
- Infectious agents can be classified as microbiota (naturally occurring microbes in a body part) or pathogens (disease-causing microbes).
- Bacteria are single-celled organisms that may depend on hosts for reproduction and survival outside of a host; examples include C. diff.
- Aerobic bacteria need oxygen to survive, found on the skin, while anaerobic bacteria can survive without oxygen and are found in the gastrointestinal tract.
- Rickettsiae are bacteria transmitted by vectors (living organisms). Examples include typhus, scrub typhus, rocky mountain spotted fever.
- Viruses are smaller than bacteria and require a host cell for reproduction; treatment includes antiviral drugs.
- Fungi consist of yeasts and molds, some which are normal flora in the body (e.g., mouth, vagina, intestines), while others are pathogenic (cause disease); treatment includes antifungals. Examples include Candida albicans.
- Protozoa are single-celled parasitic organisms that can be found in the soil. Examples include Trichinosis.
- Helminths are parasitic worms that can be transmitted through the consumption of raw or undercooked meat (e.g., trichinosis). Examples include tapeworms. Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease is also an example.
- Prions are proteins found mainly in the brain and lead to rapid progression of disease. No known treatment exists.
Reservoir
- Reservoirs are the source of the infectious agents.
- Animate reservoirs include people, insects, animals, and plants.
- Inanimate reservoirs include water, soil, and medical devices.
Transmission
- Direct transmission includes direct contact (e.g., kissing, sexual contact, scabies), droplet spread (e.g., coughing, sneezing), or skin-to-skin contact. Examples include scabies, mononucleosis, pertussis, influenza, and sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
- Indirect transmission includes vehicle-borne (e.g., blood, water, food, medical devices), vector-borne (e.g., flea, mosquito), or airborne (e.g., influenza). Examples include influenza, norovirus, hepatitis B, Ebola, and other infectious diseases.
Portal of Exit
- The portal of exit is the path the infectious agent leaves its reservoir.
- Examples include respiratory tract (RT), skin, mucous membranes (MM), gastrointestinal tract (GI tract), genitourinary tract (GU tract), placenta.
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Description
Explore the world of infectious agents, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and helminths. Understand their classifications, roles in disease, and methods of treatment. This quiz will test your knowledge on how these microbes impact health.
