Unusual Infectious Agents: Viroids

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What is the major difference between viroids and viruses?

Viroids have capsids, while viruses do not.

Viroids are parasites of cellular transcription proteins. (correct)

Viroids are larger in size than viruses.

Viroids encode proteins, while viruses do not.

How do viroids replicate?

By using host translation machinery for replication.

By depending on cellular RNA polymerases for replication. (correct)

Through the synthesis of proteins.

By encoding proteins for replication.

What is the mode of transmission for viroids among plants?

Contaminated farm machinery (correct)

Ingestion by animals

Airborne transmission

Direct contact with infected plants

Where do viroid RNA move after genome replication in the plant cell?

To the next cell via plasmodesmata Signup and view all the answers

How do viroids enter the pollen and ovule?

Through plasmodesmata Signup and view all the answers

What is the size of viroids compared to other pathogens?

The smallest known pathogens Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary structure of a protein?

Linear amino-acid sequence Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a symptom of viroid infection in plants?

Stem necrosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the process where a protein chain is transformed into its three-dimensional structure?

Protein folding Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of small interfering RNA (siRNA) in RNA interference?

Guide or antisense RNA of RISC binds to complementary mRNA sequences Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is formed by hydrogen bonding of the backbone to form a spiral shape?

α-helices Signup and view all the answers

What do prions refer to?

Misfolded form of a normal protein found in the cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the fourth (and highest) classification level of protein structure?

Quaternary structure Signup and view all the answers

What are the determining factors for which portions of the protein fold closely together and form its three-dimensional conformation?

Specific amino acid residues and their position in the polypeptide chain Signup and view all the answers

Unusual Infectious Agents: Viroids

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