Infectious Agent Transmission and Standard Precautions
52 Questions
2 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the recommended practice for storing cleaning equipment in a CSSD?

  • Store them in a dedicated storage room and clean them regularly (correct)
  • Label or color code them for easy identification
  • Share them with other departments
  • Use them in all zones of the CSSD

    • What is the purpose of segregating waste streams in a CSSD?

  • To comply with environmental regulations
  • To identify infectious waste
  • To reduce waste disposal costs
  • To reduce the risk of infection transmission (correct)

    • What is the recommended temperature range for the Decontamination Zone in a CSSD?

  • 18°C to 20°C (correct)
  • 25°C to 28°C
  • 22°C to 25°C
  • 20°C to 23°C

    • What is the definition of asepsis?

    <p>The absence of microorganisms that cause disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of maintaining negative pressure in the Decontamination Zone?

    <p>To prevent the spread of microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended frequency for air changes in the Preparation & Packaging Zone?

    <p>10 air changes per hour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of recording cleaning activities in a CSSD?

    <p>To monitor the quality of cleaning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of surgical asepsis?

    <p>A sterile technique to eliminate the presence of all microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of training staff responsible for cleaning the zone in a CSSD?

    <p>To reduce the risk of infection transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended practice for handling waste generated in the Decontamination Zone?

    <p>Segregate it into infectious and non-infectious waste streams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary assumption behind the standard precautions approach in healthcare?

    <p>All blood and body substances should be considered potentially infectious</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of standard precautions?

    <p>Screening patients for infectious diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chain of infection?

    <p>The spread of microbial infection requires three factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a reservoir of microbes?

    <p>A collection of microbes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can hospital staff minimize the reservoir of microbes?

    <p>By cleaning and disinfecting the environment and equipment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the portal of entry in the chain of infection?

    <p>The point at which the infectious agent enters the susceptible host</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of standard precautions in healthcare?

    <p>To minimize the risk of infection regardless of the perceived infectious risk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a means of transmission in the chain of infection?

    <p>A contaminated medical instrument</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for immunocompromised patients being at a higher risk of infection in a hospital?

    <p>Their immune system may not be functioning well due to poor health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a method of decontaminating potentially infected RMD in CSSD?

    <p>Exposing RMD to UV light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the transmission of microbial infection from a contaminated object to a patient's skin, eye, or mucous membrane?

    <p>Contact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary danger of aerosols in CSSD?

    <p>They can spread infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done immediately after an accidental needle stick or sharps injury?

    <p>Seek medical attention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines how long an aerosol will remain in the air?

    <p>Initial velocity and environmental conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Health-Acquired Infection (HAI)?

    <p>An infection acquired by a patient in a hospital</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the deliberate or accidental penetration of the skin or mucous membrane?

    <p>Injection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the underlying assumption behind the standard precautions approach in healthcare?

    <p>All blood and body substances should be considered potentially infectious.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the standard precautions approach in healthcare?

    <p>To reduce the risk of infection to patients and healthcare workers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a means of transmission in the chain of infection?

    <p>Staff movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the collection of microbes?

    <p>Reservoir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can hospital staff minimize the reservoir of microbes?

    <p>By cleaning and disinfecting the environment and equipment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the portal of exit in the chain of infection?

    <p>The point at which the infectious agent leaves the reservoir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of hand washing in standard precautions?

    <p>To reduce the risk of infection to both patients and healthcare workers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chain of infection?

    <p>A sequence of events leading to the spread of microbial infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary means of transmission of microbial infection in a hospital?

    <p>Contact transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the transmission of microbial infection from a contaminated object to a patient's skin, eye, or mucous membrane?

    <p>Contact transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines how long an aerosol will remain in the air?

    <p>Initial velocity and environmental conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the deliberate or accidental penetration of the skin or mucous membrane?

    <p>Injection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of standard precautions in healthcare?

    <p>To prevent the transmission of microbial infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary danger of aerosols in CSSD?

    <p>They can spread microbial infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done immediately after an accidental needle stick or sharps injury?

    <p>Report it immediately and seek medical attention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for patients who become infected by microbes while in hospital?

    <p>Health-Acquired Infection (HAI) patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of maintaining different air pressure levels in the three zones of the CSSD?

    <p>To prevent the spread of microorganisms from one zone to another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended frequency for cleaning and inspecting cleaning equipment in a CSSD?

    <p>Daily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of medical asepsis?

    <p>Cleaning a patient's room</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of controlling the traffic flow in the CSSD?

    <p>To reduce the risk of contamination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of recording cleaning activities in a CSSD?

    <p>To monitor the quality of cleaning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of segregating waste streams in a CSSD?

    <p>To reduce the risk of contamination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of labeling or color-coding cleaning equipment in a CSSD?

    <p>To prevent the equipment from being misplaced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended practice for handling waste generated in the Sterile Storage Zone?

    <p>Seal and disinfect the exterior of the waste container before taking it out</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following pathogens is NOT a common cause of Hospital-Acquired Infections (HAIs)?

    <p>Influenza</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of maintaining a dedicated storage room for cleaning equipment in a CSSD?

    <p>To store the equipment in a clean and organized manner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Standard Precautions and Infectious Agent Transmission

    • Standard precautions: operating procedures that minimize the risk of infection in healthcare, considering all blood and body substances as potentially infectious and all surgical instruments as potentially contaminated with microorganisms.

    Chain of Infection

    • Three essential factors for spread of microbial infection:
      • Source of infecting microorganisms at a sufficient level to cause infection
      • Susceptible host or hosts
      • Means for transmitting the infectious agent to the susceptible host or hosts

    Ways to Spread Infection

    • Air
    • Cart wheels
    • Shoes
    • Staff
    • Other patients

    Reservoir

    • Collection of microbes
    • Hospital staff can minimize reservoir by:
      • Cleaning and disinfecting the environment and equipment
      • Treating patients with antimicrobial drugs
      • Applying various hygienic measures

    Chain of Infection

    • Infectious agent
    • Susceptible host
    • Reservoir
    • Portal of entry
    • Portal of exit
    • Mode of transmission

    Immune Condition of Patients

    • Immunocompromised (poor health, immune system not functioning well)

    Stopping Transmission of Microbial Infection in CSSD

    • Decontaminate potentially infected RMD and ensure only properly decontaminated RMD are used on patients

    Breaking the Chain of Infection

    • Any one of the essential factors can be broken to prevent infection

    Health-Acquired Infection (HAI)

    • Patients who become infected by microbes while in hospital

    Methods of Transmission

    • Injection (deliberate or accidental penetration of the skin or mucous membrane)
    • Ingestion (swallowing into the digestive tract via splash or droplet)
    • Inhalation (enter the respiratory tract via a droplet or aerosol)
    • Contact (transfer from contaminated object to the skin, eye, mucous membrane via a hand or glove or mask or droplet or splash)

    Accidental Needle Stick or Sharps Injury

    • Report immediately and seek medical attention, as the main risks are from bloodborne viruses, and CSSD staff are usually vaccinated against these risks.

    Aerosols

    • Defined as a suspension of tiny particles or droplets in the air
    • Danger in CSSD: aerosol formation during handling liquids, operating ultrasonic baths, running taps, brushing or blowing on a wet surface, and when ventilation/humidification units release contaminating microbes.

    Housekeeping and Infection Control

    • Important part of breaking the infection chain in CSSD: cleaning and disinfecting the CSSD itself and properly managing waste streams
    • Best practice for cleaning equipment: label or color-code equipment, store in a dedicated storage room, clean and inspect regularly, train staff, and record cleaning activities.

    Waste Management

    • Waste generated in the three zones of the CSSD: use bins or containers to receive waste and segregate into appropriate waste streams
    • Waste from IAP and sterile storage zone: an infectious risk, and important waste stream to control; place in appropriate bags or bins with sharps waste in a dedicated sharps bin.

    CDC Top HAI Causing Pathogens

    • Coagulase-negative staphylococci
    • Staphylococcus aureus
    • Enterococcus species
    • Candida species
    • Escherichia coli
    • Clostridium difficile
    • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
    • Klebsiella pneumoniae
    • Enterobacter species
    • Acinetobacter baumannii
    • Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
    • Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
    • Tuberculosis (TB)

    Managing the Central Sterile Supply Department Environment

    • Control traffic through the main three zones and maintain proper heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems.

    Environmental Control

    • Air pressure:
      • Decontamination zone: negative pressure (- 5 Pascal) ± 5%
      • Preparation & Packaging zone: positive pressure (+ 5 Pascal) ± 5%
      • Sterilization zone: positive pressure (+ 5 Pascal) ± 5%
    • Air changes per hour:
      • Decontamination zone: at least 10
      • Preparation & Packaging zone: at least 10
      • Sterilization zone: at least 4
    • Temperature:
      • Decontamination zone: 18 °C to 20 °C
      • Preparation & Packaging zone: 20 °C to 23 °C
      • Sterilization zone: 20 °C to 24 °C
    • Humidity:
      • Decontamination zone: 30% to 70%
      • Preparation & Packaging zone: 30% to 70%
      • Sterilization zone: up to 70%

    Asepsis and Infection Control

    • Asepsis: the absence of microorganisms that cause disease
    • Aseptic technique: any activity or procedure that prevents infection or breaks the chain of infection
    • Types of aseptic techniques:
      • Medical asepsis: clean technique to reduce the number of microorganisms and minimize their spread
      • Surgical asepsis: sterile technique to eliminate the presence of all microorganisms or prevent their introduction to an area

    Standard Precautions and Infectious Agent Transmission

    • Standard precautions: operating procedures that minimize the risk of infection in healthcare, considering all blood and body substances as potentially infectious and all surgical instruments as potentially contaminated with microorganisms.

    Chain of Infection

    • Three essential factors for spread of microbial infection:
      • Source of infecting microorganisms at a sufficient level to cause infection
      • Susceptible host or hosts
      • Means for transmitting the infectious agent to the susceptible host or hosts

    Ways to Spread Infection

    • Air
    • Cart wheels
    • Shoes
    • Staff
    • Other patients

    Reservoir

    • Collection of microbes
    • Hospital staff can minimize reservoir by:
      • Cleaning and disinfecting the environment and equipment
      • Treating patients with antimicrobial drugs
      • Applying various hygienic measures

    Chain of Infection

    • Infectious agent
    • Susceptible host
    • Reservoir
    • Portal of entry
    • Portal of exit
    • Mode of transmission

    Immune Condition of Patients

    • Immunocompromised (poor health, immune system not functioning well)

    Stopping Transmission of Microbial Infection in CSSD

    • Decontaminate potentially infected RMD and ensure only properly decontaminated RMD are used on patients

    Breaking the Chain of Infection

    • Any one of the essential factors can be broken to prevent infection

    Health-Acquired Infection (HAI)

    • Patients who become infected by microbes while in hospital

    Methods of Transmission

    • Injection (deliberate or accidental penetration of the skin or mucous membrane)
    • Ingestion (swallowing into the digestive tract via splash or droplet)
    • Inhalation (enter the respiratory tract via a droplet or aerosol)
    • Contact (transfer from contaminated object to the skin, eye, mucous membrane via a hand or glove or mask or droplet or splash)

    Accidental Needle Stick or Sharps Injury

    • Report immediately and seek medical attention, as the main risks are from bloodborne viruses, and CSSD staff are usually vaccinated against these risks.

    Aerosols

    • Defined as a suspension of tiny particles or droplets in the air
    • Danger in CSSD: aerosol formation during handling liquids, operating ultrasonic baths, running taps, brushing or blowing on a wet surface, and when ventilation/humidification units release contaminating microbes.

    Housekeeping and Infection Control

    • Important part of breaking the infection chain in CSSD: cleaning and disinfecting the CSSD itself and properly managing waste streams
    • Best practice for cleaning equipment: label or color-code equipment, store in a dedicated storage room, clean and inspect regularly, train staff, and record cleaning activities.

    Waste Management

    • Waste generated in the three zones of the CSSD: use bins or containers to receive waste and segregate into appropriate waste streams
    • Waste from IAP and sterile storage zone: an infectious risk, and important waste stream to control; place in appropriate bags or bins with sharps waste in a dedicated sharps bin.

    CDC Top HAI Causing Pathogens

    • Coagulase-negative staphylococci
    • Staphylococcus aureus
    • Enterococcus species
    • Candida species
    • Escherichia coli
    • Clostridium difficile
    • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
    • Klebsiella pneumoniae
    • Enterobacter species
    • Acinetobacter baumannii
    • Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
    • Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
    • Tuberculosis (TB)

    Managing the Central Sterile Supply Department Environment

    • Control traffic through the main three zones and maintain proper heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems.

    Environmental Control

    • Air pressure:
      • Decontamination zone: negative pressure (- 5 Pascal) ± 5%
      • Preparation & Packaging zone: positive pressure (+ 5 Pascal) ± 5%
      • Sterilization zone: positive pressure (+ 5 Pascal) ± 5%
    • Air changes per hour:
      • Decontamination zone: at least 10
      • Preparation & Packaging zone: at least 10
      • Sterilization zone: at least 4
    • Temperature:
      • Decontamination zone: 18 °C to 20 °C
      • Preparation & Packaging zone: 20 °C to 23 °C
      • Sterilization zone: 20 °C to 24 °C
    • Humidity:
      • Decontamination zone: 30% to 70%
      • Preparation & Packaging zone: 30% to 70%
      • Sterilization zone: up to 70%

    Asepsis and Infection Control

    • Asepsis: the absence of microorganisms that cause disease
    • Aseptic technique: any activity or procedure that prevents infection or breaks the chain of infection
    • Types of aseptic techniques:
      • Medical asepsis: clean technique to reduce the number of microorganisms and minimize their spread
      • Surgical asepsis: sterile technique to eliminate the presence of all microorganisms or prevent their introduction to an area

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    Test your knowledge on standard precautions and infectious agent transmission in healthcare settings. Learn about the importance of minimizing infection risks and understanding the precautions to take.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser