Infections Respiratoires Émergentes: Grippe et Covid-19
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Questions and Answers

Quel est le nom du nouveau Betacoronavirus qui a provoqué une épidémie en 2012 ?

MERS-CoV

A quelle année le SRAS-CoV-2, également connu sous le nom de COVID-19, a-t-il été isolé ?

2020

Combien de mutations du SARS-CoV-2 ont été recensées ?

Plus de 300 000

Quelle est la période d'incubation moyenne du SRAS-CoV-2 ?

<p>Cinq jours</p> Signup and view all the answers

La contagiosité du SRAS-CoV-2 est la plus élevée le jour où les symptômes apparaissent.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Pendant combien de temps les personnes ayant des symptômes légers du COVID-19 restent généralement contagieuses ?

<p>8 à 10 jours</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quelles sont les trois catégories de symptômes les plus fréquentes pour les personnes atteintes de COVID-19?

<p>Fièvre, toux sèche et fatigue</p> Signup and view all the answers

Parmi les 10 symptômes les plus fréquents chez l'adulte, quel est le symptôme qui est moins répandu ?

<p>Agueusie ou dysgueusie</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quel est le nom scientifique du test qui détecte l'ARN viral dans un prélèvement naso-pharyngé ?

<p>RT-PCR</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quel est l'un des principaux facteurs de risque pour développer une forme sévère de la COVID-19 ?

<p>Obésité</p> Signup and view all the answers

Associe les conditions de santé aux complications potentielles associées à la COVID-19

<p>Cancer = Complications pulmonaires, complications cardiovasculaires Maladie rénale chronique = Complications rénales, complications cardiovasculaires Maladie pulmonaire obstructive chronique = Complications pulmonaires Syndromes de Down = Complications cardiovasculaires Insuffisance cardiaque = Complications pulmonaires, complications cardiovasculaires, complications neurologiques État immunodéprimé = Complications pulmonaires, complications cardiovasculaires Grossesse = Complications pulmonaires, complications cardiovasculaires Drépanocytose = Complications pulmonaires, complications cardiovasculaires Tabagisme = Complications pulmonaires, complications cardiovasculaires Diabète de type 2 = Complications pulmonaires, complications cardiovasculaires</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quel est le principal bénéfice des vaccins contre le SRAS-CoV-2 ?

<p>Réduire les formes graves de la maladie</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quel est le principal symptôme qui définit l'état « post-COVID » ?

<p>Fatigue</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Infections Respiratoires Émergentes : Grippe et Covid-19

  • Introduction - Généralités: Acute viral illness, highly contagious, transmitted via airborne droplets. Typically mild in healthy young adults, but can lead to serious complications in older adults and those with chronic conditions.

  • Annual global figures: Average of approximately 3 million severe cases and 250,000 to 500,000 deaths annually.

  • Antigenic shift: Influenza viruses (RNA) are constantly evolving, leading to seasonal epidemics.

  • Diagnostic advances: Rapid diagnosis via Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).

  • Epidemiology:

    • High contagiousness: Transmission primarily occurs through airborne droplets during close contact.
    • Epidemic range: Can affect 30-60% of susceptible individuals within a population.
    • Antigenic variation: The unpredictable nature of influenza viruses hinders lasting immunity and makes vaccination challenging.
    • Reservoir animals: Evidence suggests animal sources, such as birds/pigs, play a role in new virus emergence.
    • Epidemic patterns: Pandemic outbreaks occur due to abrupt shifts in the virus's surface antigens. A period of regular seasonal influenza is interspersed with these periodic pandemics.

  • Historical Overview:

    • Spanish Flu (1918-1919): Large-scale global pandemic with an estimated death toll of 30 million to 100 million.
    • Asian Flu (1956-1968): Originated in China, believed to have mutated in waterfowl.
    • Hong Kong Flu (1968-1969): Worldwide pandemic, thought to have originated from animal reservoir.
    • H1N1 pandemic (2009) and ongoing COVID-19: Examples of recent pandemics.

  • Clinical Presentation (Common Flu):

    • Incubation: 24-72 hours (average 48h);
    • Initial symptoms: Sudden onset of general malaise, high fever, intense chills, headache, and body aches.
    • Later symptoms: Weakness, lack of appetite, sore throat, cough (often dry ), sensitivity to light, muscle and joint pain, runny nose and eye irritation
    • Clinical signs: Sore throat, reddened throat, swollen glands, labored breathing.

  • Clinical Presentation (Complicated Cases):

    • Secondary infections: Bacteria like Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus can lead to additional complications.
    • Extra-pulmonary effects: Inflammation of the meninges, heart, kidneys, or central nervous system.
    • Pregnancy: Influenza is potentially detrimental to a fetus when the mother is infected.

  • Diagnosis:

    • RT-PCR testing: Detects viral genetic material in respiratory samples.
    • Serology: Identifies antibodies against the virus.

  • Treatment:

    • Supportive care: Rest, fluids, and over-the-counter pain/fever relievers.
    • Antiviral medications: (Limited effectiveness in uncomplicated cases, often focused on high-risk patients); may be beneficial in early intervention).
    • Vaccination: Annual preventative measure; recommended for high-risk groups.

  • SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19):

    • Transmission: Primarily via airborne droplets; indirect transmission through contaminated surfaces is also possible.
    • Incubation period: Interval of 2 to 14 days between exposure to the virus and symptoms.
    • Clinical presentation: Can vary from asymptomatic to severe pneumonia, respiratory failure, and death. Common symptoms can include fever, headache, cough, and fatigue.

  • SARS-CoV-1: An earlier SARS outbreak with similarities to COVID-19.

  • MERS-CoV: Another coronavirus responsible for outbreaks that affect respiratory systems.

  • Complications: Severe cases may have serious complications, including pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and sepsis.

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Grippe et Covid-19 - 2024 - Université Oran 1 Ahmed Ben Bella - PDF

Description

Ce quiz explore les infections respiratoires émergentes, en mettant l'accent sur la grippe et le Covid-19. Il couvre des sujets tels que la contagion, la variabilité antigénique et les avancées diagnostiques. Testez vos connaissances sur l'épidémiologie et l'impact de ces virus sur la population.

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