Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a common manifestation of bacterial conjunctivitis?
What is a common manifestation of bacterial conjunctivitis?
Which of the following is a mode of transmission for bacterial conjunctivitis?
Which of the following is a mode of transmission for bacterial conjunctivitis?
Which bacterium is associated with epidemics of acute, purulent conjunctivitis?
Which bacterium is associated with epidemics of acute, purulent conjunctivitis?
What structural characteristic distinguishes Streptococcus pneumoniae?
What structural characteristic distinguishes Streptococcus pneumoniae?
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Which pathogen is NOT a common cause of bacterial conjunctivitis?
Which pathogen is NOT a common cause of bacterial conjunctivitis?
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Which bacterium lacks peptidoglycan in its outer wall?
Which bacterium lacks peptidoglycan in its outer wall?
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Which symptom is least likely to be associated with keratitis?
Which symptom is least likely to be associated with keratitis?
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What is a potential mechanical route of transmission for bacterial conjunctivitis?
What is a potential mechanical route of transmission for bacterial conjunctivitis?
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What characteristic feature do C. trachomatis possess that indicates their dependence on a host?
What characteristic feature do C. trachomatis possess that indicates their dependence on a host?
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What is a common cause of conjunctivitis resulting from C. trachomatis?
What is a common cause of conjunctivitis resulting from C. trachomatis?
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Which clinical feature distinguishes viral conjunctivitis from bacterial conjunctivitis?
Which clinical feature distinguishes viral conjunctivitis from bacterial conjunctivitis?
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What is a notable feature of adenoviruses related to their structure?
What is a notable feature of adenoviruses related to their structure?
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What type of conjunctivitis is specifically associated with poorly chlorinated swimming pools?
What type of conjunctivitis is specifically associated with poorly chlorinated swimming pools?
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Which serotypes of adenoviruses most commonly cause epidemic keratoconjunctivitis?
Which serotypes of adenoviruses most commonly cause epidemic keratoconjunctivitis?
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What symptom may accompany conjunctivitis caused by adenoviruses?
What symptom may accompany conjunctivitis caused by adenoviruses?
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What is the typical outcome of an epidemic keratoconjunctivitis infection?
What is the typical outcome of an epidemic keratoconjunctivitis infection?
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Study Notes
Infections of the Eyes
- Eye infections can involve the conjunctiva (conjunctivitis), cornea (keratitis), or both (keratoconjunctivitis)
- Infections can be caused by bacteria or viruses
- Bacterial conjunctivitis (pink eye) is highly contagious
- Transmission occurs through human-to-human contact, contaminated surfaces, and fomites
- Bacterial conjunctivitis can be caused by various bacteria like Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Bacterial Infections
- Streptococcus pneumoniae: Gram-positive diplococci, alpha/beta hemolytic, with virulence factors like capsule, pneumolysin, and IgA protease
- Staphylococcus aureus: Gram-positive cocci; virulence factors are associated with adherence and toxin production
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Gram-negative rod; virulence factors include mechanisms for resisting host defenses
- Chlamydia trachomatis: Obligate intracellular parasite, lacks peptidoglycan but high lipid content; causes conjunctivitis, inclusion conjunctivitis, and trachoma; frequently associated with swimming pools
- Trachoma is a chronic keratoconjunctivitis often transmitted through direct contact, flies, and contaminated objects.
Viral Infections
- Viral eye infections can manifest as conjunctivitis and keratoconjunctivitis
- Viral conjunctivitis, unlike bacterial, does not have purulent discharge
- Viral infections are often spread through airborne means such as sneezing and coughing
Viral Etiologic Agents
- Adenoviruses: Double-stranded DNA viruses; cause mild (swimming pool conjunctivitis) to severe (epidemic keratoconjunctivitis) infections. Serotypes 3 and 7 are common causes of swimming pool conjunctivitis, while serotypes 8, 19, and 23 are linked to epidemic keratoconjunctivitis.
- Herpes simplex virus (HSV-1): herpes simplex virus type 1 causes severe keratoconjunctivitis, often with corneal ulcers and potentially blindness.
- Enterovirus 70 and Coxsackie A24 Virus: Cause acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis; characterized by conjunctival congestion, vascular dilatation, and edema.
Other Important Infections
- Measles Virus: Conjunctivitis is a common symptom during measles, along with photophobia (sensitivity to light).
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae: Sexually transmitted infection, often causing ophthalmia neonatorum (eye infection in newborns) acquired during passage through the infected birth canal. Treatment is important to prevent blindness.
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Description
This quiz explores eye infections such as conjunctivitis and keratitis, focusing on their bacterial causes. Participants will learn about the major bacteria involved, their virulence factors, and transmission methods. Test your knowledge on the infection mechanisms and bacterial species affecting ocular health.
