Infections and Symptoms Overview

Questions and Answers

What is a common complication of chlamydial infections in women?

Acute renal failure

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome

Pelvic inflammatory disease (correct)

Which symptoms are associated with males infected with Chlamydia?

Watery urethral discharge (correct)

Loss of appetite

Severe abdominal pain

Bloody urine

Which treatment is used for Mycoplasmal infections that are resistant to tetracycline?

Ciprofloxacin

Amoxicillin

Erythromycin (correct)

Vancomycin

What does HSV-2 primarily cause?

Genital herpes Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a relapse from a reinfection in urinary tract infections?

Relapse indicates a focus of infection in the renal or prostatic parenchyma. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the nature of herpesviruses?

They have a latent phase after initial infection. Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is primarily associated with lower urinary tract infections (L-UTI)?

Polyuria Signup and view all the answers

What are Chlamydia infections not susceptible to?

Penicillin Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bacteria is most commonly associated with cystitis?

Klebsiella Signup and view all the answers

What can occur if an infant is infected during birth due to mother’s chlamydial infection?

Conjunctivitis Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes acute urethral syndrome?

Dysuria and pyuria Signup and view all the answers

What is a symptom of herpes infections on mucous membranes?

Vesicles filled with fluid Signup and view all the answers

In males, what is a common symptom of prostatitis?

Low fever Signup and view all the answers

How do patients with bacteriuria typically present?

Asymptomatic or symptomatic based on specific conditions Signup and view all the answers

Which population is cystitis more frequently observed in?

Young women Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of prostatitis in males?

E.coli Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary causative agent of trichomoniasis?

Trichomonas vaginalis Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is commonly associated with females infected by Trichomonas vaginalis?

Intense itching and copious white discharge Signup and view all the answers

What type of organism causes gonorrhea?

Bacterium Signup and view all the answers

What mechanism helps Neisseria gonorrhea resist being flushed out of the urinary tract?

It uses fimbriae to attach to the epithelium Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is NOT typically associated with male gonorrhea infections?

Itching of the vagina Signup and view all the answers

How can trichomoniasis be transmitted to children?

From contaminated linen and toilet seats Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true regarding Gonorrhea carriers?

They can remain asymptomatic for several years Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment is commonly recommended for trichomoniasis?

Metronidazole and vinegar douche Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Chlamydia

Symptoms resemble gonorrhea, including watery urethral discharge in males.
Possible inflammation of the epididymis may lead to sterility in males.
In women, complications can include pelvic inflammatory disease, sterility, and ectopic pregnancy.
Infants can contract the infection during birth; self-inoculation can lead to conjunctivitis.
Treated with tetracyclines and sulfa drugs; ineffective against penicillin.

Nongonococcal Urethritis (NGU)

Caused by Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma, which can lead to spontaneous abortion.
Treatment options exclude penicillin; tetracyclines are used, with erythromycin and spectinomycin for resistant strains.

Herpesvirus Infections

Caused by HSV-1 (cold sores) and HSV-2 (genital herpes), which produce similar lesions.
Genital herpes is the most severe presentation of herpes simplex viral infections.
85% of adults have antibodies; only 15% exhibit symptoms.
Vesicles filled with fluid appear from virus damage and heal in 2-3 weeks without scarring.
The virus can become latent, retreating to ganglia after initial infection.

Trichomoniasis

Primarily a sexually transmitted disease but can infect children through contaminated linen and toilet seats.
Caused by the protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis, which thrives in a pH of 5.5-6.
Symptoms include intense itching and a copious white discharge, particularly in females.
Treated with metronidazole plus a vinegar douche.

Gonorrhea

Caused by Neisseria gonorrhea, a gram-negative diplococcus characterized by pili for attachment.
Symptoms vary: males typically experience yellow discharge and painful urination; females may have itching, burning, and abnormal discharge.
Some individuals may remain asymptomatic carriers for years, facilitating transmission.
The bacteria can survive within leukocytes, evading the immune system.

Upper vs. Lower Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)

Upper UTI (U-UTI) involves renal parenchyma (pyelonephritis) or ureters, often presenting with flank pain and fever.
Lower UTI (L-UTI) affects the urethra (urethritis), bladder (cystitis), and, in males, the prostate (prostatitis), commonly showing dysuria and urgency.
Acute urethral syndrome includes dysuria and pyuria.
Bacteriuria indicates the presence of bacteria in urine; can be symptomatic or asymptomatic.
Cystitis is bladder inflammation, primarily caused by gram-negative bacilli like E. coli; symptoms include pain and urinary frequency.

Prostatitis

A GU infection in males affecting the prostate, often accompanied by fever.
Symptoms include urgent and frequent urination, low fever, and back pain.
E. coli accounts for 80% of prostatitis cases; the transmission pathway remains unclear.

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Description

This quiz explores the symptoms and complications associated with sexually transmitted infections, particularly focusing on male and female presentations. It discusses the effects on fertility and potential infections in infants, as well as the transmission methods and treatments available.