Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a common complication of chlamydial infections in women?
What is a common complication of chlamydial infections in women?
- Acute renal failure
- Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
- Chronic fatigue syndrome
- Pelvic inflammatory disease (correct)
Which symptoms are associated with males infected with Chlamydia?
Which symptoms are associated with males infected with Chlamydia?
- Watery urethral discharge (correct)
- Loss of appetite
- Severe abdominal pain
- Bloody urine
Which treatment is used for Mycoplasmal infections that are resistant to tetracycline?
Which treatment is used for Mycoplasmal infections that are resistant to tetracycline?
- Ciprofloxacin
- Amoxicillin
- Erythromycin (correct)
- Vancomycin
What does HSV-2 primarily cause?
What does HSV-2 primarily cause?
What distinguishes a relapse from a reinfection in urinary tract infections?
What distinguishes a relapse from a reinfection in urinary tract infections?
Which statement accurately describes the nature of herpesviruses?
Which statement accurately describes the nature of herpesviruses?
Which symptom is primarily associated with lower urinary tract infections (L-UTI)?
Which symptom is primarily associated with lower urinary tract infections (L-UTI)?
What are Chlamydia infections not susceptible to?
What are Chlamydia infections not susceptible to?
Which of the following bacteria is most commonly associated with cystitis?
Which of the following bacteria is most commonly associated with cystitis?
What can occur if an infant is infected during birth due to mother’s chlamydial infection?
What can occur if an infant is infected during birth due to mother’s chlamydial infection?
What characterizes acute urethral syndrome?
What characterizes acute urethral syndrome?
What is a symptom of herpes infections on mucous membranes?
What is a symptom of herpes infections on mucous membranes?
In males, what is a common symptom of prostatitis?
In males, what is a common symptom of prostatitis?
How do patients with bacteriuria typically present?
How do patients with bacteriuria typically present?
Which population is cystitis more frequently observed in?
Which population is cystitis more frequently observed in?
What is the primary cause of prostatitis in males?
What is the primary cause of prostatitis in males?
What is the primary causative agent of trichomoniasis?
What is the primary causative agent of trichomoniasis?
Which symptom is commonly associated with females infected by Trichomonas vaginalis?
Which symptom is commonly associated with females infected by Trichomonas vaginalis?
What type of organism causes gonorrhea?
What type of organism causes gonorrhea?
What mechanism helps Neisseria gonorrhea resist being flushed out of the urinary tract?
What mechanism helps Neisseria gonorrhea resist being flushed out of the urinary tract?
Which symptom is NOT typically associated with male gonorrhea infections?
Which symptom is NOT typically associated with male gonorrhea infections?
How can trichomoniasis be transmitted to children?
How can trichomoniasis be transmitted to children?
Which of the following is true regarding Gonorrhea carriers?
Which of the following is true regarding Gonorrhea carriers?
Which treatment is commonly recommended for trichomoniasis?
Which treatment is commonly recommended for trichomoniasis?
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Study Notes
Chlamydia
- Symptoms resemble gonorrhea, including watery urethral discharge in males.
- Possible inflammation of the epididymis may lead to sterility in males.
- In women, complications can include pelvic inflammatory disease, sterility, and ectopic pregnancy.
- Infants can contract the infection during birth; self-inoculation can lead to conjunctivitis.
- Treated with tetracyclines and sulfa drugs; ineffective against penicillin.
Nongonococcal Urethritis (NGU)
- Caused by Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma, which can lead to spontaneous abortion.
- Treatment options exclude penicillin; tetracyclines are used, with erythromycin and spectinomycin for resistant strains.
Herpesvirus Infections
- Caused by HSV-1 (cold sores) and HSV-2 (genital herpes), which produce similar lesions.
- Genital herpes is the most severe presentation of herpes simplex viral infections.
- 85% of adults have antibodies; only 15% exhibit symptoms.
- Vesicles filled with fluid appear from virus damage and heal in 2-3 weeks without scarring.
- The virus can become latent, retreating to ganglia after initial infection.
Trichomoniasis
- Primarily a sexually transmitted disease but can infect children through contaminated linen and toilet seats.
- Caused by the protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis, which thrives in a pH of 5.5-6.
- Symptoms include intense itching and a copious white discharge, particularly in females.
- Treated with metronidazole plus a vinegar douche.
Gonorrhea
- Caused by Neisseria gonorrhea, a gram-negative diplococcus characterized by pili for attachment.
- Symptoms vary: males typically experience yellow discharge and painful urination; females may have itching, burning, and abnormal discharge.
- Some individuals may remain asymptomatic carriers for years, facilitating transmission.
- The bacteria can survive within leukocytes, evading the immune system.
Upper vs. Lower Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)
- Upper UTI (U-UTI) involves renal parenchyma (pyelonephritis) or ureters, often presenting with flank pain and fever.
- Lower UTI (L-UTI) affects the urethra (urethritis), bladder (cystitis), and, in males, the prostate (prostatitis), commonly showing dysuria and urgency.
- Acute urethral syndrome includes dysuria and pyuria.
- Bacteriuria indicates the presence of bacteria in urine; can be symptomatic or asymptomatic.
- Cystitis is bladder inflammation, primarily caused by gram-negative bacilli like E. coli; symptoms include pain and urinary frequency.
Prostatitis
- A GU infection in males affecting the prostate, often accompanied by fever.
- Symptoms include urgent and frequent urination, low fever, and back pain.
- E. coli accounts for 80% of prostatitis cases; the transmission pathway remains unclear.
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