Infection Control Unit 15 Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Identify the five classes of microorganisms by describing characteristics of each class.

Bacteria: One celled plants, pathogenic or nonpathogenic, grow in colonies, most produce toxins, most are aerobic, categorized by shape. 2. Viruses: Smallest microbes, depend on other living cells, transmitted through blood and body secretions. 3. Fungi: Thrive in warm moist conditions, cannot produce own nutrients. 4. Protozoa: Classified as animals, seek nutrients, found in decayed materials. 5. Rickettsia: Smaller than bacteria, must live inside another organism.

List the requirements most microorganisms need to survive.

Warm, dark, moist environment, most also need oxygen and food.

List the 6 components of the chain of infection and 2 ways to break each link.

Infectious agent: early recognition, rapid identification. 2. Source: employee health, medical asepsis. 3. Portal of exit: handwashing, waste disposal. 4. Mode of transmission: sterilization, food handling. 5. Portal of entry: wound care, standard precautions. 6. Susceptible host: recognition of high risk patients, immunization.

Differentiate between antisepsis, disinfection, and sterilization.

Antisepsis: inhibits growth of pathogens; not effective against spores or viruses. Disinfection: destroys pathogens but does not usually kill spores and viruses. Sterilization: total destruction of all microorganisms. Signup and view all the answers

Difference between aerobic and anaerobic organisms.

Aerobic: requires oxygen to live. Anaerobic: does not require oxygen to live. Signup and view all the answers

List and describe the 6 ways the body defends itself against pathogens.

<ol> <li>Antibodies. 2. Fever. 3. Tears. 4. Coughing/Sneezing. 5. Cilia. 6. Hydrochloric acid in stomach.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Difference between contaminated and clean.

Clean: free from organisms causing disease. Contaminated: organisms and pathogens are present. Signup and view all the answers

Difference between nosocomial and opportunistic infections.

Nosocomial: originates in a healthcare facility. Opportunistic: occurs when the immune system cannot defend itself. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the situations where healthcare providers must use standard precautions.

Most of the time. Signup and view all the answers

What is a microorganism?

Small living plant or animal organism not visible to the naked eye. Signup and view all the answers

What is a microbe?

A microorganism, especially a bacterium causing disease or fermentation. Signup and view all the answers

What is a pathogen?

Germ or disease producing microorganism. Signup and view all the answers

What is a nonpathogen?

Beneficial in body processes. Signup and view all the answers

What is antimicrobial resistance?

The ability of microorganisms to withstand the effects of medications that once killed them. Signup and view all the answers

What does OSHA do?

Set the guidelines. Signup and view all the answers

What is a transmission based precaution?

Additional infection control precautions applied for patients known or suspected to be infected with infectious agents. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Classes of Microorganisms

Bacteria: One-celled organisms, can be pathogenic or nonpathogenic, grow in colonies, often produce toxins, mainly aerobic, classified by shape.
Viruses: Smallest microbes, require an electron microscope for visibility, depend on living cells for survival, transmitted through blood and body fluids, resistant to antibiotics.
Fungi: Simple plant-like organisms thriving in warm, moist environments, cannot produce nutrients independently, can become pathogenic.
Protozoa: Animal-like microorganisms, many types identified, live in various environments, can cause disease through contaminated water and surfaces.
Rickettsia: Smaller than bacteria, rod or spherical shape, must live inside another organism, transmitted by insect bites.

Requirements for Microorganisms Survival

Need warm, dark, moist environments; most require oxygen and food.

Chain of Infection Components and Prevention

Infectious Agent: Early recognition and accurate identification of infections.
Source of Reservoir: Focus on employee health and medical asepsis.
Portal of Exit: Use handwashing and proper waste disposal.
Mode of Transmission: Implement sterilization and safe food handling practices.
Portal of Entry: Ensure proper wound care and follow standard precautions.
Susceptible Host: Identify high-risk patients and utilize immunizations.

Infection Control Methods

Antisepsis: Inhibits or retards growth of pathogens but not effective against spores/viruses.
Disinfection: Destroys pathogens but typically does not kill spores/viruses.
Sterilization: Achieves total destruction of all microorganisms including spores and viruses.

Microbial Classification

Aerobic: Requires oxygen for survival.
Anaerobic: Does not require oxygen for survival.

Body Defenses Against Pathogens

Antibodies: Fight against infection.
Fever: Increases body temperature to combat pathogens.
Tears: Contain chemicals that eliminate bacteria.
Cough/Sneeze: Expels pathogens from the body.
Cilia: Move trapped pathogens out of respiratory tract.
Hydrochloric Acid: Destroys pathogens in the stomach.

Clean vs Contaminated

Clean: Free from disease-causing organisms.
Contaminated: Presence of organisms and pathogens.

Types of Infections

Nosocomial: Acquired in healthcare facilities.
Opportunistic: Occurs when immune system is compromised.

Standard Precautions

Required usage under most healthcare situations to prevent infection spread.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Includes gloves, gowns, and masks designed to protect against infection and injury.

Sterilization Techniques

Autoclave: Uses steam under pressure for sterilization, effective against all microorganisms.
Aseptic Techniques: Includes handwashing, personal hygiene, and careful instrument cleaning.

Bloodborne Pathogens

Infectious microorganisms found in human blood that pose a risk of disease transmission.

Key Diseases

HBV: Affects the liver and transmitted through body fluids, prevents via vaccination.
HCV: Transmitted through blood, can lead to serious liver disease.
HIV: Causes AIDS.

Common Practices

Handwashing is the most crucial aseptic technique.
Standard precautions include gloves, gowns, masks, and eye protection.
Needlestick injuries pose significant risk to healthcare workers.

Specific Microorganism Types

Micrococci: Appear singly.
Diplococci: Appear in pairs.
Staphylococci: Form irregular clusters.
Streptococci: Form chains.

Antimicrobial Treatments

Antibiotics: Treat bacterial infections, ineffective against viruses.
Antifungal Medications: Treat pathogenic fungi but may have side effects.

Contamination and Infection Handling

Proper disposal of soiled items in biohazard bags.
Wash hands after any contact with bodily fluids or contaminated surfaces.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the five classes of microorganisms in this infection control quiz for Unit 15. Understand the characteristics of bacteria, viruses, and more. Perfect for students studying infection control principles.