Infection Control & Prevention Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is considered the most effective method to prevent the spread of infection?

Hand hygiene. (correct)

Using gloves.

Using alcohol-based hand sanitizers.

Wearing masks.

Which of the following is not a component of the chain of infection?

Causative agent

Susceptible host

Vector of communication (correct)

Portal of exit

What type of precautions are described as standard precautions?

Precautions that should be used with all clients. (correct)

Precautions limited to intubated patients.

Specific precautions based on infection type.

Precautions that only apply to airborne diseases.

When should hand hygiene ideally be performed?

Before and after patient contact. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statement about personal protective equipment (PPE) is false?

Gloves should be reused when possible. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a mode of transmission in the chain of infection?

Airborne transmission. Signup and view all the answers

What defines a susceptible host in the context of infection control?

An individual with compromised defense mechanisms. Signup and view all the answers

What is not a recommended practice for using gloves according to infection control guidelines?

Re-use single-use gloves to save costs. Signup and view all the answers

Which organisms are typically associated with droplet infections that require a mask and standard precautions?

Pertussis Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum airflow exchange rate required for a private room designed for airborne pathogens?

6 exchanges per hour Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a recommended precaution when practicing reverse isolation?

Allow fresh fruits and vegetables Signup and view all the answers

Which type of precautions are indicated when dealing with multidrug-resistant organisms such as MRSA?

Contact precautions Signup and view all the answers

Which organism requires airborne precautions due to its droplet size being less than 5 microns?

Measles Signup and view all the answers

When should face gear be used according to tier two precautions?

When within 3 feet of the client Signup and view all the answers

What type of mask is required in a private room for airborne infections?

Particulate respirator mask Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of reverse isolation?

To protect the client from healthcare workers and others Signup and view all the answers

What type of gown provides barrier protection against contact with infectious body fluids?

Fluid-resistant gown Signup and view all the answers

Which types of masks are effective in preventing inhalation of droplet nuclei larger than 5 microns?

Surgical masks Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for changing ripped gowns?

To ensure safety Signup and view all the answers

For which disease is a particulate respirator most commonly used?

Tuberculosis (TB) Signup and view all the answers

Which barrier equipment is recommended for encounters with bodily fluids?

Gloves Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if the masks become wet or moist?

They should be discarded Signup and view all the answers

What is required for washing hands to ensure proper cleanliness?

Washing for 15 to 30 seconds with soap Signup and view all the answers

What situation requires using contact precautions?

When direct or indirect contact with a colonized infection occurs Signup and view all the answers

What is a key psychosocial implication of a client being in isolation?

Increased risk for depression and social isolation Signup and view all the answers

Which item is NOT recommended for maintaining in an isolation room?

Unmonitored access for visitors Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is essential for clients in isolation to help alleviate feelings of isolation?

Sensory stimulation activities like reading or puzzles Signup and view all the answers

When caring for a client with suspected bacterial meningitis, which precaution is necessary?

Establishing a negative air pressure room Signup and view all the answers

What data would necessitate placing a client with HIV in protective isolation?

Presence of mouth sores Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct method for removing gloves?

Grasp the glove and pull it inside out while using the ungloved hand to tuck inside the cuff of the gloved hand. Signup and view all the answers

What should be done with equipment like watches before entering an isolation room?

Put the watch in a plastic Ziploc bag before entering the room. Signup and view all the answers

How should contaminated reusable equipment be disposed of?

Place them in a waterproof impervious bag for proper disposal. Signup and view all the answers

What items should be disposed of in biohazardous waste red bags?

Sharps materials, cultures, and discarded human tissue. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key reason for educating clients and families about isolation measures?

To decrease infection rates through increased compliance. Signup and view all the answers

How should a client be transported if they need to leave their isolation room?

Using appropriate barrier equipment and notifying the department of their need for isolation. Signup and view all the answers

What should be done with the strings of a gown before removal?

Unfasten the waist and neck strings without touching the outside of the gown. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of placing a card on the client's door in isolation?

To inform visitors of the correct protective equipment required. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Pathogens

Pathogens are disease-causing organisms
Examples include viruses, bacteria, fungi, prions, and parasites

Chain of Infection

Chain of infection represents the process of how pathogens spread
Six elements: causative agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, and susceptible host

Hand Hygiene

Primary method to prevent infection transmission
Alcohol-based hand sanitizers are recommended, unless hands are visibly soiled

Isolation and Barrier Protection

Essential to prevent spread of infection
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) includes gloves, masks, respirators, gowns, and eyewear
Type of PPE depends on specific infection and transmission route

CDC Precautions Tiers: Standard Precautions

Tier One - Standard Precautions are universal and used for all clients
Standard Precautions include gloves, handwashing, and appropriate mask use
Standard Precautions are to be applied whenever contact with bodily fluids is anticipated

CDC Precautions Tiers: Tier Two Precautions

Tier Two (Specific Precautions) are applied based on specific medical diagnosis
Three categories: Contact, Droplet, and Airborne
Specific isolation measures are implemented based on how diseases are transmitted

Barrier Equipment

Gloves prevent contamination from direct or indirect contact
Gowns provide a barrier against contact with infectious body fluids or waste
Masks prevent inhalation of droplet nuclei larger than 5 microns
Respirators prevent inhalation of droplet nuclei smaller than 5 microns
Eyewear/face shields protect eyes from splashes/splattering of secretions

Reverse Isolation/Protective Precautions

Used to protect the client from healthcare workers and others
Frequently used for clients with compromised immune systems, including those with cancer, autoimmune disorders, HIV/AIDS

Care of Client in Isolation: Nursing Measures

Use disposable thermometers and BP cuffs when possible
Use a wall clock or place watches in plastic bags before entering isolation rooms
Keep pens inside the room and clipboards outside
Two hampers are used for garbage and linens
Dispose of biohazardous waste in red bags

Care of the Client in Isolation: Transporting Clients

Only transport clients for essential diagnostic or surgical procedures
Place appropriate barrier equipment on the client & notify receiving department about the client's isolation need

Care of the Client in Isolation: Education

Educate staff, clients, and families about proper isolation measures
Explain reasons for isolation and emphasize compliance
Use isolation cards on client's door detailing isolation type and required protective equipment
Maintain adequate supplies within isolated rooms, such as hampers, soap, and disposable equipment

Care of the Client in Isolation: Psychosocial Implications

Provide sensory stimulation to decrease isolation
Avoid rushing when providing care to the client
Explain to families that clients in isolation are at greater risk for depression, social isolation, and altered body image

Removal of Protective Equipment

Remove gloves by pulling inside out and tucking the ungloved hand inside the glove cuff
Remove eyewear per agency policy
Remove gowns by unfastening ties and avoiding touching the outside during removal
Remove masks by unfastening top and bottom strings, avoiding touching the outside

CDC Precautions Tiers: Video Recommendations

Watch the video about CDC Precautions Tiers

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Description

Test your knowledge on infection control practices, including the role of pathogens, the chain of infection, and the importance of hand hygiene. Understand the various levels of precautions recommended by the CDC to prevent the transmission of infections.