30 Questions
Which of the following is a major route for transmission of human sources of pathogens in the health care environment?
Direct contact
What is the primary reason for the importance of infection prevention in respiratory care?
To minimize the risk of health care–associated infections
Which of the following elements must be present for transmission of infection within a health care setting?
Pathogen, host, and reservoir
When should special infection control procedures be warranted?
During known or suspected outbreaks of infectious diseases
In what circumstances should personal protective equipment be used during patient care?
As a standard precaution for all patient interactions
What factors are associated with an increased risk for a patient acquiring a hospital-acquired infection?
Immunocompromised state and invasive medical procedures
How often do health care–associated infections occur?
Occasionally, in 5-8% of hospital admissions
Which type of precaution is intended to reduce the risk for transmission by direct or indirect contact with the patient or the patient’s environment?
Contact precautions
What type of precautions are employed for patients with presumed or confirmed infection with organisms known to be transmitted by respiratory droplets?
Droplet precautions
Which type of isolation techniques is intended to reduce the risk of selected infectious agents transmitted by 'small droplets' of aerosol particles, such as M. tuberculosis?
Airborne precautions
What type of room must be negative pressured, have 6-12 air exchanges per hour, and use HEPA filters as part of its requirements?
Airborne precautions
Which specialized engineering approach is used to protect highly immunocompromised patients, including those undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplants?
Protective environment
What is the primary purpose of wearing clean gloves when touching blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions, and contaminated items?
To prevent contamination when in contact with infectious material
When should hand hygiene be performed in relation to removing gloves?
Before and after removing gloves
What percentage of hospitalized patients develop a healthcare-associated infection (HAI)?
4%
What are the three major modes of transmission of infections in healthcare settings?
Contact, airborne, droplet
Which of the following is recommended for hand hygiene in standard precautions?
Washing hands with soap and water or alcohol-based products
What are the common sources of infection in healthcare settings?
Humans, inanimate objects, contaminated medical equipment
What is the purpose of Infection Prevention (IP) programs?
To provide guidelines to hospitals to prevent HAIs
What is a necessary element for infection transmission in healthcare settings?
Route
What does Comprehensive Unit-Based Safety Program (CUSP) support?
Standard infection prevention procedures
What is the first step in all equipment processing for disinfection and sterilization?
Removing dirt and organic material
Which type of infection can be prevented by prevention bundles?
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)
What is the most common physical method of sterilization?
Steam sterilization
What is the main purpose of disinfection?
To destroy all microorganisms
What is the immediate use sterilization previously referred to as?
Flash disinfection
Which type of equipment must be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected before use with another patient?
Critical items
What does disinfection involve?
Application of chemical solutions
Which method is not recommended as a routine method of sterilization?
Immediate use sterilization
Which device-related infection can be prevented by multiple different evidence-based best practices?
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)
Study Notes
- Approximately 4% of hospitalized patients develop a healthcare-associated infection (HAI)
- HAIs can be categorized as community-onset or hospital-onset
- Infection Prevention (IP) programs work to decrease the risk of HAIs
- IP programs provide guidelines to hospitals to prevent HAIs
- Three elements necessary for infection transmission in healthcare settings: source, route, and susceptible host
- Humans, inanimate objects, and contaminated medical equipment are common sources of infection
- Poorly controlled diabetes, extremes of age, and underlying infections increase susceptibility to infection
- Three major modes of transmission: contact, droplet, and airborne
- Contact transmission involves transfer of a pathogen through a contaminated intermediate object or person
- Droplet transmission occurs via respiratory droplets from an infected person
- Airborne transmission involves the spread of infectious particles through the air
- Other sources of infection include contaminated food, water, and medications
- Creating a safe culture is an important infection prevention strategy
- Comprehensive Unit-Based Safety Program (CUSP) supports best practices
- Standard infection prevention procedures aim to eliminate pathogens
- Eliminate pathogens through cleaning and disinfecting noncritical surfaces and specialized equipment processing
- Standard precautions include personal protective equipment, hand hygiene, and patient care equipment
- Standard precautions recommend hand washing with soap and water or alcohol-based products, and the use of gloves, eye protection, face shields, and respiratory protection
- Standard precautions recommend hand hygiene before and after patient contacts, after touching body fluids, and between tasks on the same patient
- Standard precautions recommend the use of personal protective equipment to protect against infectious agents and prevent cross contamination.
This quiz covers infection control measures and hand hygiene practices in healthcare settings, including the use of gloves and alcohol-based products. Test your knowledge on protecting patients and healthcare workers from contamination.
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