Infection Control Chapter 5 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What are bacteria?

  • Multi-celled organisms.
  • Only harmful microorganisms.
  • One-celled microorganisms with both plant and animal characteristics. (correct)
  • Viruses that invade living cells.

    • Which of the following describes non-pathogenic bacteria?

  • Bacteria that are harmful.
  • Bacteria that cause diseases.
  • Bacteria that decompose organic matter. (correct)
  • Bacteria that require living matter for growth.

    • What are saprophytes?

    A type of non-pathogenic bacteria that lives on dead matter.

    Define pathogenic bacteria.

    <p>Bacteria that are harmful and cause disease when they invade plant or animal tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are parasites?

    <p>Pathogenic bacteria that require living matter for their growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What shape are cocci bacteria?

    <p>Round-shaped.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do staphylococci bacteria grow?

    <p>In clusters like a bunch of grapes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe streptococci bacteria.

    <p>Pus-forming bacteria arranged in curved lines resembling a string of beads.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are diplococci?

    <p>Spherical bacteria that grow in pairs and cause diseases such as pneumonia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What shape are bacilli bacteria?

    <p>Short, rod-shaped bacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are spirilla?

    <p>Spiral or corkscrew-shaped bacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define motility in bacteria.

    <p>Self-movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are flagella?

    <p>Slender, hairlike extensions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of cilia?

    <p>Locomotion (moving about).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during mitosis in bacteria?

    <p>Bacteria grow and reproduce by dividing into two cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is pus?

    <p>Fluid product of inflammation that contains white blood cells and debris.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the active/vegetative stage of bacteria?

    <p>Bacteria in this stage grow and reproduce in warm, dark, damp places.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe the inactive/spore-forming stage of bacteria.

    <p>Certain bacteria form spherical spores with tough outer coverings to withstand adverse conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an infection?

    <p>When body tissues are invaded by disease-causing or pathogenic bacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a local infection?

    <p>A pimple or abscess confined to a particular part of the body containing pus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a general infection?

    <p>When the bloodstream carries bacteria or viruses and their toxins to all parts of the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a general infection?

    <p>Syphilis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it mean for a disease to be contagious or communicable?

    <p>When a disease spreads from one person to another by contact.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define a virus.

    <p>A submicroscopic structure capable of infesting almost all plants and animals, including bacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does AIDS stand for?

    <p>Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does HIV stand for?

    <p>Human Immunodeficiency Virus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is hepatitis?

    <p>Disease marked by inflammation of the liver, caused by a bloodborne virus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are bloodborne pathogens?

    <p>Disease-causing bacteria or viruses carried through the blood or body fluids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are parasites?

    <p>Vegetable or animal organisms that live on another organism and draw nourishment from it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are molds, mildews, and yeasts examples of?

    <p>Fungi.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is immunity?

    <p>The ability of the body to destroy bacteria and resist infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are two examples of immunity?

    <p>Acquired or natural immunity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three decontaminations?

    <p>Sterilization, Disinfection, Sanitation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is decontamination?

    <p>Removal of pathogens and other substances from tools and surfaces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does MSDS stand for?

    <p>Material Safety Data Sheet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does OSHA stand for?

    <p>Occupational Safety and Health Administration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are quats?

    <p>Quaternary ammonium compounds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For ethyl alcohol to be effective, it must be no less than what percentage?

    <p>70 percent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Isopropyl alcohol must be what percentage to be effective?

    <p>99 percent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it mean if clients are asymptomatic?

    <p>Clients who are infected with Hepatitis B Virus or other bloodborne pathogens show no symptoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Bacteria and Types

    • Bacteria are unicellular microorganisms exhibiting characteristics of both plants and animals.
    • Non-pathogenic bacteria are beneficial and do not cause disease; they play roles in decomposing organic matter and enhancing soil fertility.
    • Saprophytes are a subtype of non-pathogenic bacteria that thrive on decaying organic materials.
    • Pathogenic bacteria (germs) are harmful and lead to diseases by invading plant or animal tissues.
    • Parasites are pathogenic bacteria that depend on a living host for their growth and sustenance.

    Bacterial Shapes

    • Cocci: Round-shaped bacteria, can exist alone or in clusters.
    • Staphylococci: Pus-forming bacteria organized in clusters similar to grapes.
    • Streptococci: Pus-forming bacteria arranged in chains resembling strings of beads.
    • Diplococci: Pairing spherical bacteria responsible for diseases like pneumonia.
    • Bacilli: Rod-shaped bacteria, often associated with various infections.
    • Spirilla: Bacteria with spiral or corkscrew shapes.

    Bacterial Behavior and Life Cycle

    • Motility refers to the ability of microorganisms to move independently.
    • Flagella are hair-like structures that facilitate bacterial movement.
    • Cilia are tiny hair-like projections aiding in locomotion.
    • Mitosis describes the process by which bacteria grow and divide to form new cells.
    • Pus is a thick fluid from inflammation, containing dead cells, bacteria, and immune cells.
    • Active/Vegative Stage: Bacteria multiply optimally in warm, dark, and moist environments with food.
    • Inactive/Spore-forming Stage: Some bacteria create resilient spores to survive harsh conditions.

    Infections and Pathogens

    • Infection occurs when disease-causing bacteria infiltrate body tissues.
    • Local infections are confined to a specific body area, often indicated by pus-filled lesions.
    • General infections involve bacteria or viruses spreading through the bloodstream to the body's entirety, exemplified by diseases like syphilis.
    • Contagious diseases spread through direct contact between individuals.

    Viruses and Bloodborne Pathogens

    • Viruses are submicroscopic infectious agents that can infect various plants and animals.
    • AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) is caused by HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus).
    • Hepatitis is a liver inflammation disease transmitted through bloodborne viruses, akin to HIV.
    • Bloodborne pathogens, such as hepatitis and HIV, spread through bodily fluids.

    Fungi and Immunity

    • Fungi include molds, mildews, and yeasts, representing a category of organisms living on or in living hosts.
    • Immunity refers to the body's capacity to eradicate invading bacteria and resist infections.
    • Immunity can be classified into acquired and natural forms.

    Decontamination and Regulations

    • Decontamination involves the removal of pathogens from tools and surfaces, employing methods such as sterilization, disinfection, and sanitation.
    • Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) provides critical safety information about substances used in the workplace.
    • The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) oversees health and safety regulations.
    • Quaternary ammonium compounds (Quats) are widely used disinfectants in the industry.
    • To be effective, ethyl alcohol must be at least 70% concentration, while isopropyl alcohol requires a 99% concentration.

    Specific Health Considerations

    • Clients who carry the Hepatitis B Virus or other bloodborne pathogens may exhibit no symptoms (asymptomatic).

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    Description

    Explore key terms and definitions from Chapter 5 on Infection Control. This flashcard set covers essential concepts such as bacteria types and their roles in health and the environment. Enhance your understanding of microbiology and infection prevention principles.

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