Questions and Answers
What are bacteria?
Which of the following describes non-pathogenic bacteria?
What are saprophytes?
A type of non-pathogenic bacteria that lives on dead matter.
Define pathogenic bacteria.
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What are parasites?
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What shape are cocci bacteria?
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How do staphylococci bacteria grow?
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Describe streptococci bacteria.
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What are diplococci?
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What shape are bacilli bacteria?
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What are spirilla?
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Define motility in bacteria.
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What are flagella?
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What is the function of cilia?
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What happens during mitosis in bacteria?
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What is pus?
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What is the active/vegetative stage of bacteria?
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Describe the inactive/spore-forming stage of bacteria.
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What is an infection?
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What is a local infection?
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What is a general infection?
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What is an example of a general infection?
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What does it mean for a disease to be contagious or communicable?
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Define a virus.
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What does AIDS stand for?
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What does HIV stand for?
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What is hepatitis?
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What are bloodborne pathogens?
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What are parasites?
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What are molds, mildews, and yeasts examples of?
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What is immunity?
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What are two examples of immunity?
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What are the three decontaminations?
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What is decontamination?
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What does MSDS stand for?
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What does OSHA stand for?
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What are quats?
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For ethyl alcohol to be effective, it must be no less than what percentage?
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Isopropyl alcohol must be what percentage to be effective?
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What does it mean if clients are asymptomatic?
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Study Notes
Bacteria and Types
- Bacteria are unicellular microorganisms exhibiting characteristics of both plants and animals.
- Non-pathogenic bacteria are beneficial and do not cause disease; they play roles in decomposing organic matter and enhancing soil fertility.
- Saprophytes are a subtype of non-pathogenic bacteria that thrive on decaying organic materials.
- Pathogenic bacteria (germs) are harmful and lead to diseases by invading plant or animal tissues.
- Parasites are pathogenic bacteria that depend on a living host for their growth and sustenance.
Bacterial Shapes
- Cocci: Round-shaped bacteria, can exist alone or in clusters.
- Staphylococci: Pus-forming bacteria organized in clusters similar to grapes.
- Streptococci: Pus-forming bacteria arranged in chains resembling strings of beads.
- Diplococci: Pairing spherical bacteria responsible for diseases like pneumonia.
- Bacilli: Rod-shaped bacteria, often associated with various infections.
- Spirilla: Bacteria with spiral or corkscrew shapes.
Bacterial Behavior and Life Cycle
- Motility refers to the ability of microorganisms to move independently.
- Flagella are hair-like structures that facilitate bacterial movement.
- Cilia are tiny hair-like projections aiding in locomotion.
- Mitosis describes the process by which bacteria grow and divide to form new cells.
- Pus is a thick fluid from inflammation, containing dead cells, bacteria, and immune cells.
- Active/Vegative Stage: Bacteria multiply optimally in warm, dark, and moist environments with food.
- Inactive/Spore-forming Stage: Some bacteria create resilient spores to survive harsh conditions.
Infections and Pathogens
- Infection occurs when disease-causing bacteria infiltrate body tissues.
- Local infections are confined to a specific body area, often indicated by pus-filled lesions.
- General infections involve bacteria or viruses spreading through the bloodstream to the body's entirety, exemplified by diseases like syphilis.
- Contagious diseases spread through direct contact between individuals.
Viruses and Bloodborne Pathogens
- Viruses are submicroscopic infectious agents that can infect various plants and animals.
- AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) is caused by HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus).
- Hepatitis is a liver inflammation disease transmitted through bloodborne viruses, akin to HIV.
- Bloodborne pathogens, such as hepatitis and HIV, spread through bodily fluids.
Fungi and Immunity
- Fungi include molds, mildews, and yeasts, representing a category of organisms living on or in living hosts.
- Immunity refers to the body's capacity to eradicate invading bacteria and resist infections.
- Immunity can be classified into acquired and natural forms.
Decontamination and Regulations
- Decontamination involves the removal of pathogens from tools and surfaces, employing methods such as sterilization, disinfection, and sanitation.
- Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) provides critical safety information about substances used in the workplace.
- The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) oversees health and safety regulations.
- Quaternary ammonium compounds (Quats) are widely used disinfectants in the industry.
- To be effective, ethyl alcohol must be at least 70% concentration, while isopropyl alcohol requires a 99% concentration.
Specific Health Considerations
- Clients who carry the Hepatitis B Virus or other bloodborne pathogens may exhibit no symptoms (asymptomatic).
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Description
Explore key terms and definitions from Chapter 5 on Infection Control. This flashcard set covers essential concepts such as bacteria types and their roles in health and the environment. Enhance your understanding of microbiology and infection prevention principles.