Infection Control and Host Susceptibility Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What are resident flora?

  • Microorganisms that are always present and usually alter the client’s health
  • Microorganisms that are acquired from direct contact with environmental surfaces
  • Microorganisms that are always present, usually without altering the client’s health (correct)
  • Microorganisms that attach to the skin for a brief period of time

    • What is the significance of transient flora?

  • They prevent the overgrowth of harmful microorganisms
  • They are usually acquired from direct contact with environmental surfaces (correct)
  • They alter the client’s health
  • They are always present on the skin

    • What are pathogens?

  • Microorganisms that are always present on the skin
  • Microorganisms that prevent the overgrowth of harmful microorganisms
  • Microorganisms that attach to the skin for a brief period of time
  • Disease-producing microorganisms (correct)

    • Which term refers to the frequency with which a pathogen causes disease?

    <p>Virulence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the factors affecting virulence of a pathogen?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mode of transmission involves transfer of an agent to a susceptible host by animate means such as mosquitoes, fleas, ticks, and lice?

    <p>Vector-Borne Transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of creating immunity, or resistance to infection, in an individual?

    <p>Immunization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is used for destroying all microorganisms including spores?

    <p>Moist heat (steam)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal in breaking the chain of infection between the portal of exit and the mode of transmission?

    <p>Preventing the exit of infectious agents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of T lymphocytes (T cells) in the immune response?

    <p>Regulating the immune response by activating other cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the collective term for the stimulation of B cells and the production of antibodies?

    <p>Humoral immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are memory B cells formed to do?

    <p>Remember the antigen and prepare for future invasion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes localized infections?

    <p>Limited to a defined area with symptoms resembling inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are hospital-acquired infections also called?

    <p>Nosocomial infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are most hospital-acquired infections transmitted?

    <p>By health care personnel failing to practice proper hand hygiene or change gloves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    T lymphocytes (T cells) regulate the immune response by producing antibodies specific to the antigen.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Localized infections are limited to a defined area or single organ and do not exhibit symptoms resembling inflammation.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Systemic infections only affect one organ and do not involve multiple organs.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hospital-acquired infections are also known as nosocomial infections or health care–associated infections.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Most hospital-acquired infections are transmitted by contaminated food and water.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Memory B cells are formed to remember the antigen and prepare the host for future antigen invasion.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lymphokines attract other phagocytes and lymphocytes to the injured area and assist in antigen destruction.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Antibodies are protein substances that create antigens.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The production of T cells leads to the release of chemical substances called lymphokines.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The stimulation of B cells and the production of antibodies are collectively known as cellular immunity.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are lymphokines and what is their role in the immune response?

    <p>Lymphokines are chemical substances released by T cells. Their role is to attract other phagocytes and lymphocytes to the injured area and assist in antigen destruction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain the role of memory B cells in the immune system.

    <p>Memory B cells are formed to remember the antigen and prepare the host for future antigen invasion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the collective term for the stimulation of B cells and the production of antibodies?

    <p>The collective term for this process is humoral immunity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are hospital-acquired infections also known as?

    <p>Hospital-acquired infections are also known as nosocomial infections or health care–associated infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four categories into which most hospital-acquired infections typically fall?

    <p>The four categories are urinary tract, surgical wounds, pneumonia, and septicemia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain the difference between localized infections and systemic infections.

    <p>Localized infections are limited to a defined area or single organ with symptoms that resemble inflammation. Systemic infections affect the entire body and involve multiple organs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of T lymphocytes (T cells) in the immune response?

    <p>T lymphocytes (T cells) regulate the immune response by activating other cells, moving to the injured area, and releasing lymphokines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the production of T cells contribute to the destruction of antigens?

    <p>The production of T cells leads to the release of chemical substances called lymphokines, which attract other phagocytes and lymphocytes to the injured area and assist in antigen destruction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are antibodies and how do they function in the immune system?

    <p>Antibodies are protein substances that destroy the antigen. They function by binding to specific antigens and marking them for destruction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes memory B cells and how do they contribute to the immune response?

    <p>Memory B cells are formed to remember the antigen and prepare the host for future antigen invasion. They contribute to a faster and more effective immune response upon subsequent exposure to the same antigen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The T lymphocytes (T cells) regulate the immune response by producing antibodies specific to the ______

    <p>antigen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lymphokines attract other phagocytes and lymphocytes to the injured area and assist in antigen ______

    <p>destruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The T cells also stimulate the production of B cells, which become plasma cells, producing antibodies specific to the ______

    <p>antigen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Antibodies are protein substances that destroy the ______

    <p>antigen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The stimulation of B cells and the production of antibodies are collectively known as ______ immunity

    <p>humoral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Memory B cells are formed to remember the ______ and prepare the host for future antigen invasion

    <p>antigen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Most hospital-acquired infections are transmitted by health care personnel who fail to practice proper ______ hygiene

    <p>hand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hospital-acquired infections are also called ______ infections or health care–associated infections

    <p>nosocomial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Localized infections are limited to a defined area or single organ with symptoms that resemble ______

    <p>inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Systemic infections affect the entire body and involve multiple organs, such as ______

    <p>AIDS</p> Signup and view all the answers

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