45 Questions
What are resident flora?
Microorganisms that are always present, usually without altering the client’s health
What is the significance of transient flora?
They are usually acquired from direct contact with environmental surfaces
What are pathogens?
Disease-producing microorganisms
Which term refers to the frequency with which a pathogen causes disease?
Virulence
What are the factors affecting virulence of a pathogen?
All of the above
Which mode of transmission involves transfer of an agent to a susceptible host by animate means such as mosquitoes, fleas, ticks, and lice?
Vector-Borne Transmission
What is the process of creating immunity, or resistance to infection, in an individual?
Immunization
Which method is used for destroying all microorganisms including spores?
Moist heat (steam)
What is the goal in breaking the chain of infection between the portal of exit and the mode of transmission?
Preventing the exit of infectious agents
What is the function of T lymphocytes (T cells) in the immune response?
Regulating the immune response by activating other cells
What is the collective term for the stimulation of B cells and the production of antibodies?
Humoral immunity
What are memory B cells formed to do?
Remember the antigen and prepare for future invasion
What characterizes localized infections?
Limited to a defined area with symptoms resembling inflammation
What are hospital-acquired infections also called?
Nosocomial infections
How are most hospital-acquired infections transmitted?
By health care personnel failing to practice proper hand hygiene or change gloves
T lymphocytes (T cells) regulate the immune response by producing antibodies specific to the antigen.
False
Localized infections are limited to a defined area or single organ and do not exhibit symptoms resembling inflammation.
False
Systemic infections only affect one organ and do not involve multiple organs.
False
Hospital-acquired infections are also known as nosocomial infections or health care–associated infections.
True
Most hospital-acquired infections are transmitted by contaminated food and water.
False
Memory B cells are formed to remember the antigen and prepare the host for future antigen invasion.
True
Lymphokines attract other phagocytes and lymphocytes to the injured area and assist in antigen destruction.
True
Antibodies are protein substances that create antigens.
False
The production of T cells leads to the release of chemical substances called lymphokines.
False
The stimulation of B cells and the production of antibodies are collectively known as cellular immunity.
False
What are lymphokines and what is their role in the immune response?
Lymphokines are chemical substances released by T cells. Their role is to attract other phagocytes and lymphocytes to the injured area and assist in antigen destruction.
Explain the role of memory B cells in the immune system.
Memory B cells are formed to remember the antigen and prepare the host for future antigen invasion.
What is the collective term for the stimulation of B cells and the production of antibodies?
The collective term for this process is humoral immunity.
What are hospital-acquired infections also known as?
Hospital-acquired infections are also known as nosocomial infections or health care–associated infections.
What are the four categories into which most hospital-acquired infections typically fall?
The four categories are urinary tract, surgical wounds, pneumonia, and septicemia.
Explain the difference between localized infections and systemic infections.
Localized infections are limited to a defined area or single organ with symptoms that resemble inflammation. Systemic infections affect the entire body and involve multiple organs.
What is the function of T lymphocytes (T cells) in the immune response?
T lymphocytes (T cells) regulate the immune response by activating other cells, moving to the injured area, and releasing lymphokines.
How does the production of T cells contribute to the destruction of antigens?
The production of T cells leads to the release of chemical substances called lymphokines, which attract other phagocytes and lymphocytes to the injured area and assist in antigen destruction.
What are antibodies and how do they function in the immune system?
Antibodies are protein substances that destroy the antigen. They function by binding to specific antigens and marking them for destruction.
What characterizes memory B cells and how do they contribute to the immune response?
Memory B cells are formed to remember the antigen and prepare the host for future antigen invasion. They contribute to a faster and more effective immune response upon subsequent exposure to the same antigen.
The T lymphocytes (T cells) regulate the immune response by producing antibodies specific to the ______
antigen
Lymphokines attract other phagocytes and lymphocytes to the injured area and assist in antigen ______
destruction
The T cells also stimulate the production of B cells, which become plasma cells, producing antibodies specific to the ______
antigen
Antibodies are protein substances that destroy the ______
antigen
The stimulation of B cells and the production of antibodies are collectively known as ______ immunity
humoral
Memory B cells are formed to remember the ______ and prepare the host for future antigen invasion
antigen
Most hospital-acquired infections are transmitted by health care personnel who fail to practice proper ______ hygiene
hand
Hospital-acquired infections are also called ______ infections or health care–associated infections
nosocomial
Localized infections are limited to a defined area or single organ with symptoms that resemble ______
inflammation
Systemic infections affect the entire body and involve multiple organs, such as ______
AIDS
Test your knowledge of infection control practices, host susceptibility to infections, and breaking the chain of infection with this quiz. Learn about the influence of age, stress, immunization, lifestyle, occupation, nutrition, and heredity on susceptibility to infections, as well as the importance of proper infection-control practices for nurses.
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