Host Characteristics, Infection Control, and Breaking the Chain of Infection Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the process of creating immunity, or resistance to infection, in an individual?

  • Disinfection
  • Immunization (correct)
  • Cleansing
  • Sterilization

Which method is used to destroy all microorganisms including spores?

  • Moist heat (steam) (correct)
  • Dry heat
  • Disinfection with alcohol
  • Ethylene oxide gas

What is the goal in breaking the chain of infection between the portal of exit and the mode of transmission?

  • Eliminate infection before it begins
  • Ensure asepsis and wear barrier protection
  • Encourage clients to cover their mouths and noses when sneezing or coughing
  • Prevent the exit of infectious agents (correct)

What is the most common sterilization technique used in the hospital setting?

<p>Moist heat (steam) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the body's defense against infectious agents?

<p>Specific immune defense (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are resident flora?

<p>Microorganisms that are always present without altering the client's health (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of flora usually acquired from direct contact with microorganisms on environmental surfaces?

<p>Transient flora (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for disease-producing microorganisms?

<p>Pathogens (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do microorganisms exist according to the text?

<p>Everywhere: in water, in soil, and on body surfaces (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of T cells in the immune response?

<p>Regulating the immune response and activating other cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of resident flora?

<p>To prevent the overgrowth of harmful microorganisms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are lymphokines responsible for in the immune response?

<p>Attracting other phagocytes and lymphocytes to the injured area (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the collective term for the stimulation of B cells and the production of antibodies?

<p>Humoral immunity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for an infection that affects the entire body and involves multiple organs?

<p>Systemic infection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for infections acquired in a hospital or other health care facility?

<p>Nosocomial infections (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the frequency with which a pathogen causes disease?

<p>Virulence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor affects the ability of a pathogen to adhere to healthy cells?

<p>The strength of the pathogen to adhere to healthy cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of microorganism can live only inside cells and contain DNA or RNA?

<p>Viruses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common mode of transmission for cholera?

<p>Vehicle transmission (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does an infectious agent enter the host through the respiratory tract or gastrointestinal tract?

<p>Portals of entry (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are resident flora?

<p>Microorganisms that are always present, usually without altering the client’s health</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are transient flora?

<p>Microorganisms that are episodic (of limited duration)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of resident flora?

<p>Prevent the overgrowth of harmful microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do microorganisms exist according to the text?

<p>Everywhere: in water, in soil, and on body surfaces such as the skin, intestinal tract, and other areas open to the outside</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are pathogens?

<p>Disease-producing microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between pathogenicity and virulence?

<p>Pathogenicity refers to the ability of a microorganism to produce disease, while virulence refers to the frequency with which a pathogen causes disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name three factors affecting the virulence of a pathogen.

<p>The strength of the pathogen to adhere to healthy cells, the ability of a pathogen to damage cells or interfere with the body’s normal regulating systems, and the ability of a pathogen to evade the attack of white blood cells (WBCs).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the common bacterial infections mentioned in the text?

<p>Diarrhea, pneumonia, sinusitis, cellulitis, meningitis, urinary tract infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give examples of common viral infections.

<p>Influenza, measles, common cold, chickenpox, hepatitis B, genital herpes, and HIV.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one method of transmission for cholera.

<p>Vehicle transmission (transmitted through contaminated drinking water).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the steps for proper cleansing of instruments?

<ol> <li>Wet the object with cold water; 2. Apply detergent and scrub the object under running water using a soft-bristled brush; 3. Rinse the object under warm running water; 4. Dry the object before sterilization or disinfection.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of creating immunity, or resistance to infection, in an individual?

<p>Immunization</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal in breaking the chain of infection between the portal of exit and the mode of transmission?

<p>To prevent the exit of infectious agents</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the nonspecific immune defenses that protect the host from all microorganisms?

<p>Skin and normal flora; mucous membranes; coughing, sneezing, and tearing reflexes; elimination and acidic environment; and inflammation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common sterilization technique used in the hospital setting?

<p>Autoclaving (moist heat or steam)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do T cells play in the immune response?

<p>T cells regulate the immune response by activating other cells, release lymphokines, and stimulate the production of B cells and antibodies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of infections mentioned in the text?

<p>Localized infections and Systemic infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is another term for hospital-acquired infections?

<p>Nosocomial infections or health care–associated infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the four categories into which most hospital-acquired infections fall?

<p>Urinary tract, surgical wounds, pneumonia, and septicemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the collective term for the stimulation of B cells and the production of antibodies?

<p>Humoral immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

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