Infection and Immune Response

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What is the primary reservoir of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)?

Vascular access devices

Anterior nares (correct)

Open wounds

Indwelling urinary catheters

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) infections?

Family history of VRE (correct)

Immunosuppression

Prolonged stay in hospital

Abdominal surgery

Which type of MRSA is most commonly associated with healthy, non-hospitalized people?

CRE

HA-MRSA

VRE

CA-MRSA (correct)

What is the primary mode of transmission of MRSA in healthcare settings?

Direct contact with infected patients Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a recommended practice to reduce the spread of MRSA and other MDROs?

Performing frequent hand hygiene Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of antimicrobial resistance in biofilm-producing microorganisms?

Glycocalyx-mediated protection from antimicrobials Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for wearing gloves when entering the room of a client with MRSA?

To prevent contact with contaminated items or uncontrolled body fluids Signup and view all the answers

Why is a mask not necessary when providing care to a client with MRSA?

MRSA is not transmitted through the air Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for using dedicated equipment for a client with MRSA?

To prevent cross-contamination of multiple clients Signup and view all the answers

Why is vancomycin a likely prescribed medication for a client with MRSA?

MRSA is susceptible to vancomycin Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of placing a client with MRSA in a private room?

To prevent the spread of infection to other clients Signup and view all the answers

Why is keeping the door closed not necessary for a client with MRSA?

Airborne precautions are not required for MRSA Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an exogenous infection?

Infection caused by a health care worker's contaminated hands Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method of transmission for respiratory tract infections?

Droplets in the air Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of transmission of MRSA in hospital and community settings?

Direct contact with infected individuals Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the ability of pathogens to cause severe disease?

Virulence Signup and view all the answers

When is it appropriate to use an alcohol-based hand rub (ABHR) according to the nurse's teaching?

After administering oral medications Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of airborne precautions in infection control?

To prevent the spread of airborne pathogens Signup and view all the answers

Why is an alcohol-based hand rub (ABHR) ineffective against Clostridium difficile?

Because it is a spore-forming organism Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the genomes of all microorganisms in and on a person?

Microbiome Signup and view all the answers

A client has been diagnosed with a MRSA infection. What is the most likely source of transmission?

Direct contact with an infected healthcare worker Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the invasion of pathogens into a host?

Infection Signup and view all the answers

What is a common situation where the nurse would teach to wash hands with soap and water instead of using an ABHR?

After using the bathroom Signup and view all the answers

What is the most effective means of infection control in healthcare settings?

Hand hygiene Signup and view all the answers

Which client is at highest risk for infection according to the nurse?

A client with a urinary catheter Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for an infection acquired in a hospital setting that is not present or incubating at admission?

Healthcare-associated infection Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the ability of pathogens to spread from person to person?

Communicability Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the body's natural defense against infection, including intact skin and mucous membranes?

Physiologic defenses Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following clients is most likely to have a compromised immune system?

A 34-year-old with chronic kidney disease Signup and view all the answers

What factor plays a significant role in determining a client's risk of infection?

Immune status Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is likely to depress the immune system, making the client more susceptible to infection?

Chronic physical and psychological stress Signup and view all the answers

What type of precaution is necessary when caring for a client with MRSA?

Contact precaution Signup and view all the answers

Why is a client with chronic kidney disease at a higher risk of developing immunologic deficiencies?

Due to the client's acquired health problem Signup and view all the answers