Immunity and Infection Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the function of IgG and C3b?

  • They are involved in the activation of B cells
  • They function as opsonins (correct)
  • They are involved in antigen presentation
  • They are involved in the elimination of viruses

    • What are the three pathways of complement activation?

  • Alternative, classical, and lectin (correct)
  • Autocrine, cascade, and lectin
  • Amplification, cascade, and leukotriene
  • Alternative, classical, and mannose

    • How do newborns receive antibodies from their mothers?

  • IgG across the placenta and IgA via breast milk (correct)
  • IgA across the placenta and IgM via breast milk
  • IgM across the placenta and IgG via breast milk
  • IgD across the placenta and IgM via breast milk

    • What plays a significant role in the defense against helminths?

    <p>IgE antibodies and eosinophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the second signal for activation of B cells?

    <p>Binding of C3d to CR2 receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells play an important role in the selection of B cells with high-affinity receptors?

    <p>Follicular dendritic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of MHC I class molecules?

    <p>They are involved in the activation of T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of TLR4?

    <p>It initiates pro-inflammatory responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lipopolysaccharide is a characteristic of which type of bacteria?

    <p>Gram negative bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of flagella in bacteria?

    <p>Bacterial motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of streptokinase secreted by S.pyogenes?

    <p>Conversion of plasminogen to plasmin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the mucoid or smooth capsule in pneumococcus?

    <p>Inhibition of complement activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes S.aureus from other staphylococci?

    <p>Production of free coagulase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterial species inhibits Streptococcus mutans in the oral cavity?

    <p>Enterococcus faecalis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does E.faecalis affect Pseudomonas aeruginosa in wounds?

    <p>Enhances biofilm matrix components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of pili and surface proteins in Neisseria gonorrhoeae?

    <p>Facilitating attachment to host cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main mechanism of acute rejection?

    <p>Graft ischemia due to proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a generalized and often uncontrolled inflammatory response?

    <p>Sepsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the key molecules in the pathogenesis of sepsis?

    <p>Lipopolysaccharide of Gram-negative bacteria and cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indirect allorecognition?

    <p>T cell recognizes processed peptide of allogeneic MHC molecule bound to self MHC molecule on host APC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main pathologic mechanism in hyperacute rejection?

    <p>Graft ischemia due to preexisting antibodies in the host circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main mechanism of hyperacute graft rejection?

    <p>Preexisting antibodies in the host circulation that bind to donor endothelial antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of cytokines in sepsis?

    <p>They trigger a generalized and often uncontrolled inflammatory response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the uncontrolled inflammation response that occurs in sepsis?

    <p>Systemic inflammatory response syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common manifestation of Pneumocystis jiroveci infection in immunocompromised patients?

    <p>Pulmonary pneumonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group is at higher risk for contracting sporotrichosis?

    <p>Foresters, farmers, and gardeners</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which dermatophyte infection affects the scalp?

    <p>Tinea capitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common treatment approach for superficial mycoses?

    <p>Topical antifungal creams or shampoos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells play the most important role in defending against Aspergillus infections?

    <p>Neutrophils and macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cause of seborrheic dermatitis?

    <p>Malassezia furfur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic lesion is associated with tinea corporis?

    <p>Clearly circumscribed, pruritic, desquamated areas of skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antifungal drug is known for its nephrotoxicity?

    <p>Amphotericin B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the fungal infection that causes skin discoloration?

    <p>Pityriasis versicolor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of viral genome can be directly translated by the host cell's ribosomes?

    <p>Single-stranded positive RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of hemagglutinin (HA) in influenza viruses?

    <p>Binding to sialic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus is known for its ability to establish latent infections in the host cell?

    <p>Herpes viruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is antigenic shift?

    <p>Major genetic rearrangement creating new viral subtypes which can cause pandemics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the coronavirus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic?

    <p>SARS-CoV-2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antiviral drug inhibits viral DNA synthesis by inhibiting viral DNA polymerase?

    <p>Acyclovir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus can cause hand, foot and mouth disease?

    <p>Coxsackie A virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Immunity and Infection

    • Recovery from chickenpox involves the administration of antibodies from an immune individual.
    • Acquired immunity is a type of immunity that occurs after exposure to a pathogen or antigen.
    • Memory B cells and T cells are responsible for acquired immunity.
    • MHC I class molecules are responsible for presenting antigens to CD8+ T cells.

    Innate Immune Response

    • Dendritic cells, macrophages, and B lymphocytes are involved in the innate immune response.
    • The innate immune response is non-specific and rapid.
    • TLR4 is a receptor involved in the recognition of pathogens.
    • IL-12 is a cytokine that initiates pro-inflammatory responses.
    • Selectins are involved in the recruitment of immune cells to the site of infection.
    • The phagocytic activity of neutrophils contributes to microbial destruction within phagosomes.

    Complement System

    • IgG and C3b are molecules that function as opsonins.
    • The alternative, classical, and lectin pathways are the three pathways of complement activation.
    • Newborns receive antibodies from their mothers through IgG across the placenta and IgA via breast milk.

    Defense against Pathogens

    • IgE antibodies and eosinophils play a significant role in the defense against helminths.
    • Plasmacytoid dendritic cells play an important role in the selection of B cells with high-affinity receptors.
    • Macrophages and complement are involved in the defense against bacterial infections.
    • Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a characteristic of Gram-negative bacteria.

    Transplantation

    • Indirect allorecognition occurs when T cells recognize processed peptide of allogeneic MHC molecule bound to self MHC molecule on host APC.
    • Hyperacute graft rejection is mediated by preexisting antibodies in the host circulation that bind to donor endothelial antigens.

    Bacterial Infections

    • Streptokinase secreted by S. pyogenes converts plasminogen to plasmin.
    • The mucoid or smooth capsule in pneumococcus promotes bacterial colonization.
    • S. aureus is distinguished from other staphylococci by the production of free coagulase.
    • Enterococcus faecalis inhibits Streptococcus mutans in the oral cavity.

    Fungal Infections

    • Neutrophils and macrophages play the most important role in defending against Aspergillus infections.
    • Malassezia furfur is a common cause of seborrheic dermatitis.
    • Tinea corporis is characterized by clearly circumscribed, pruritic, desquamated areas of skin.
    • Amphotericin B is known for its nephrotoxicity.

    Viral Infections

    • Single-stranded positive RNA viral genomes can be directly translated by the host cell's ribosomes.
    • Hemagglutinin (HA) in influenza viruses binds to sialic acid.
    • Herpes viruses are known for their ability to establish latent infections in the host cell.
    • Antigenic shift refers to a major genetic rearrangement creating new viral subtypes which can cause pandemics.
    • SARS-CoV-2 is the coronavirus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic.
    • Acyclovir is an antiviral drug that inhibits viral DNA synthesis by inhibiting viral DNA polymerase.
    • Coxsackie A virus can cause hand, foot, and mouth disease.
    • Rubella virus can cause severe congenital infections.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of the immune system, covering topics such as acquired immunity, memory B cells, and the innate immune response. Learn about the role of antibodies, MHC I class molecules, and different cell types in the immune process.

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