LS CH 6 Prenatal Period to 1 Year

Which fontanel closes by the infant's fourth month?

Posterior fontanel

When does the larger, diamond-shaped anterior fontanel close?

By the infant's second birthday

What is the average length of a newborn measured from head to heel?

20 inches

What is the normal range of weight for a newborn?

5.5 to 10 pounds Signup and view all the answers

During which weeks of pregnancy does the lanugo start disappearing?

Weeks 37-40 Signup and view all the answers

What is the average head circumference of a newborn?

13-14 inches Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of amniotic fluid during pregnancy?

To cushion and protect the fetus Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the placenta during pregnancy?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

During pregnancy, walking is considered the best exercise because

it improves cardiovascular health Signup and view all the answers

What are teratogens?

Harmful substances transmitted from mother to baby through the placenta Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following infections can cause serious fetal abnormalities?

Rubella Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating uterine contractions at the end of pregnancy?

Oxytocin Signup and view all the answers

What is the greatest risk for developing fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)?

Alcohol consumption during the first trimester Signup and view all the answers

Which gland produces oxytocin?

Hypophysis Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of labor is the longest?

Stage 1: Dilation Signup and view all the answers

What happens during stage 2 of labor?

Birth of the baby Signup and view all the answers

Which chromosomes determine the sex of the zygote?

X and Y chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between dominant and recessive genes?

Dominant genes can express their traits over other genes, while recessive genes can only transmit their traits if they exist in like pairs. Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a trait affected by the dominant-recessive pattern of inheritance?

Eye color Signup and view all the answers

What is genetic counseling?

A process where individuals and couples understand hereditary disorders, their risk, and measures to prevent and treat these disorders. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a factor that may have an adverse effect on pregnancy?

Cervix Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range for vital signs for a newborn?

Temperature: 36-38°C, Heart rate: 80-120 beats per minute, Respiratory rate: 20-40 breaths per minute Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of cognitive development for infants from 1 to 2 months?

Imitating facial expressions Signup and view all the answers

What are some skin manifestations in newborns?

Vernix caseosa, lanugo, mongolian spots, milia, and acrocyanosis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of vernix caseosa?

It is a white, cheeselike, oily covering Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a cause of milia?

Exposure to sunlight Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the yellow tinge to the skin that some infants develop?

Icterus neonatorum Signup and view all the answers

When does physiological jaundice typically occur in newborns?

Within 48 to 72 hours after birth Signup and view all the answers

Why does the infant's red blood cell (RBC) count decrease a few days after birth?

Due to the destruction of unnecessary excess cells Signup and view all the answers

What component of red blood cells (RBC) releases a high amount of bilirubin in the infant's body?

Bilirubin Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Vernix caseosa is a yellow tinge to the skin that some infants develop?

False Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Milia are clusters of pearly white spots that may be present at birth?

True Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Physiological jaundice occurs in newborns within 48 to 72 hours after birth?

True Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The neonate's red blood cell (RBC) count is lower than that of the normal adult at birth?

False Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Physiological jaundice is caused by the retention of sebaceous material within the sebaceous glands?

False Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Physiological jaundice should be confused with pathological jaundice?

False Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The skin creases of a newborn have a white, cheeselike, oily covering called vernix caseosa?

True Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Physiological jaundice is a result of the body destroying unnecessary excess red blood cells?

True Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Physiological jaundice is also known as icterus neonatorum?

True Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Milia disappear spontaneously without treatment?

True Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone stimulates uterine contractions and prepares the breasts for breastfeeding?

Oxytocin Signup and view all the answers

Where is oxytocin produced?

Hypophysis Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of labor is the most difficult?

Stage 2 Signup and view all the answers

How long does stage 1 of labor usually last?

12 to 24 hours Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a reflex present at birth?

Babinski reflex Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range for the newborn's heart rate?

80-100 beats per minute Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of fine motor skills in infants?

Ability to grasp objects Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of colostrum?

To provide antibodies Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of prenatal development does the embryo form?

Embryonic stage Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated length of pregnancy in weeks?

40 weeks Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process in which the zygote implants itself in the uterine wall?

Implantation Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the multicelled structure that develops after implantation?

Blastocyst Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of amniotic fluid during pregnancy?

Cushions and protects the developing fetus Signup and view all the answers

What is the average head circumference of a newborn?

13 to 14 inches Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the placenta during pregnancy?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the link between the fetus and the placenta?

Umbilical cord Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of recessive genes?

They can transmit their traits only if they exist in like pairs Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor that may have an adverse effect on pregnancy?

Proper diet Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of amniotic fluid during pregnancy?

To cushion and protect the developing baby Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the placenta during pregnancy?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the newborn's skin at birth?

Full pigmentation Signup and view all the answers

What is the average weight of a newborn?

7.5 pounds Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor that may contribute to rapid loss of total body fluid in infants?

Excessive sweating Signup and view all the answers

What is the average length of the newborn measured from head to heel?

20 inches Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common skin manifestation in newborns?

Vernix caseosa Signup and view all the answers

What causes the yellow tinge to the skin known as icterus neonatorum in some infants?

Physiological changes in the body Signup and view all the answers

When does physiological jaundice typically occur in newborns?

Within 48 to 72 hours after birth Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the neonate's red blood cell (RBC) count a few days after birth?

It decreases Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the white, pearly spots that may be present on the infant's nose, chin, and forehead at birth?

Milia Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal red blood cell (RBC) count for a newborn?

Higher than that of the normal adult Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Milia are caused by the retention of sebaceous material within the sebaceous glands and disappear spontaneously without treatment?

True Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Physiological jaundice occurs in newborns within 48 to 72 hours after birth?

True Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Physiological jaundice should not be confused with pathological jaundice?

True Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The neonate's red blood cell (RBC) count is higher than that of the normal adult at birth?

True Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Physiological jaundice is a result of the body destroying unnecessary excess red blood cells?

True Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Physiological jaundice is also known as icterus neonatorum?

True Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Milia disappear spontaneously without treatment?

True Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Vernix caseosa is a yellow tinge to the skin that some infants develop?

False Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Physiological jaundice is caused by the release of a high amount of bilirubin from red blood cells in the infant's body?

True Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Physiological jaundice is a common occurrence in newborns and does not require treatment?

True Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following substances can adversely affect the unborn and are known as teratogens?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended exercise during pregnancy?

Walking Signup and view all the answers

When does pregnancy begin?

At fertilization or conception Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated length of pregnancy?

40 weeks Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating uterine contractions at the end of pregnancy?

Oxytocin Signup and view all the answers

During which weeks of pregnancy does the lanugo start disappearing?

Weeks 17-20 Signup and view all the answers

Where is oxytocin produced?

Hypophysis Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of labor is the most difficult?

Stage 2 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a reflex present at birth?

Grasping reflex Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range for vital signs for a newborn?

Heart rate: 60-100 beats per minute, Respiratory rate: 30-60 breaths per minute, Blood pressure: 80-120 mmHg Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of cognitive development for infants from 1 to 2 months?

Recognizing familiar faces Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of amniotic fluid during pregnancy?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the sex of the zygote?

The sex of the zygote is determined by the combination of X and Y chromosomes. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT true about dominant and recessive genes?

Eye color is an example of a trait that is affected by the dominant–recessive pattern of inheritance. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT true about genetic counseling?

Genetic counseling is a quick process that can be completed in a day. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT true about the influence of the environment on a developing baby?

The environment has no influence on the development of a healthy baby. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the newborn's skin at birth?

Presence of acrocyanosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range for vital signs for a newborn?

Heart rate: 120-140 bpm, Respiratory rate: 40-60 breaths per minute, Blood pressure: 100/70 mmHg Signup and view all the answers

Which fontanel closes by the infant's fourth month?

Posterior fontanel Signup and view all the answers

What is the average length of a newborn measured from head to heel?

19-21 inches Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common skin manifestation in newborns?

Milia Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the yellow tinge to the skin known as in some infants?

Icterus neonatorum Signup and view all the answers

What is the average red blood cell (RBC) count per mm3 of blood for a newborn?

6 million Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process in which the body destroys unnecessary excess red blood cells, resulting in the jaundiced appearance in the infant?

RBC destruction Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the white, cheeselike, oily covering that protects the fetus's skin during pregnancy?

Vernix caseosa Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the clusters of pearly white spots mostly on the infant's nose, chin, and forehead that disappear spontaneously without treatment?

Milia Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the newborn's head at birth?

The head circumference increases by about 3 inches during the first 8 months of life. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the umbilical cord during fetal circulation?

Tying off at birth and allowing the newborn to take its first breath Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Apgar score given to the neonate at 1 minute and 5 minutes after birth?

To assess the newborn's overall status Signup and view all the answers

What is the average head circumference of a newborn?

13 to 14 inches Signup and view all the answers