Infant Reflexes and Gross Motor Development

76 Questions

Which of the following best describes Interprofessional Education (IPE)?

A process of preparing students in healthcare professions to practice collaboratively within and across their discipline

What is the key competency essential for Interprofessional Communication?

Listening and communicating respectfully

What does Role Clarification in Interprofessional Education involve?

Understanding one's own role and the roles of others to establish and achieve patient/client, family, and community goals

What is the focus of Jordan's Principle?

Ensuring access to products, services, and supports for all children, especially Indigenous children

What is one of the learning objectives for Maternal, Child and Adolescent Family Centered Care?

Identify sources of evidenced-informed research related to health concepts and challenges

What is a key competence that students should demonstrate in applying pediatric evidenced-informed health concepts and challenges?

Critical thinking and assessment skills

What should students be able to identify and plan for in the context of pediatric clinical?

Appropriate health promotion activities

What is an important concept that students should incorporate in acute and community practice?

Family centered-care

What should students demonstrate an appreciation and understanding of in the context of interprofessional roles?

Collegiality

What should students demonstrate competence in applying for pediatric health concepts and challenges?

Evidenced-informed research

What is a key skill that students should demonstrate in the context of pediatric populations?

Critical thinking

What should students identify as a source of evidenced-informed research related to health concepts and challenges?

Peer-reviewed journal articles

According to John Bowlby's Attachment Theory, what is the primary purpose of attachment for infants?

To facilitate the child's ability to engage in social relationships

What does Bowlby's Attachment Theory suggest about a child's early attachment experience and its impact?

It provides a sense of worth and belief in the helpfulness of others

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a component of prenatal and postnatal diagnostic methods in the provided text?

Vaccination schedule for infants

What is one of the key elements that Bowlby identified as necessary for an infant's internal development?

Successful early attachment to one person

Which theory emphasizes a child’s experience with caregivers and its impact on future relationships?

Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory

What type of testing is NOT mentioned as a part of prenatal and postnatal diagnostic methods in the provided text?

MRI testing for brain abnormalities

According to Bowlby's Attachment Theory, what does a child's early attachment experience enable them to do effectively?

Deal with the environment confidently

Which of the following is emphasized as a positive effect of attachment according to Bowlby's theory?

Developing a favorable model for future relationships

What is a red flag for preschool development?

Lack of friends and academic failure

What is a characteristic of associative play?

Interacting with others

What is a common red flag for school-age development?

Lack of friends and academic failure

What is a nursing responsibility for children with genetic disorders?

Emotional support and locating appropriate support services

What is a typical weight gain for infants and children?

Height advancement

What may be diagnosed through genetic testing and chromosomal analysis?

Genetic diseases

What is a characteristic of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy?

Muscle weakness and wasting

Parallel play is typically associated with which age group?

Toddlers

At what age can infants typically sit alone?

8 months

Which of the following is a red flag for developmental concerns in infants?

Delayed speech

When should toddlers typically experience stranger anxiety subsiding?

2 ½ to 3 years

What milestone should infants achieve by 10 months in terms of fine motor skills?

Grasping with thumb and forefinger

What is a typical milestone for speech and language development in toddlers by 22-24 months?

Having two-word sentences

What is important for early speech development in infants?

Early hearing screenings

What milestone should infants achieve in gross motor skills by 15 months?

Running

What is a potential red flag for developmental concerns in infant play?

Infants bringing both hands to midline by 10 months

What is a key aspect of the learning objectives for Maternal, Child and Adolescent Family Centered Care?

Identifying sources of evidenced-informed research related to health concepts and challenges

What is a common skill that students should demonstrate in the context of pediatric populations?

Critical thinking and assessment

What is a typical milestone for speech and language development in toddlers by 22-24 months?

Using sentences with complex grammar

What is a potential red flag for developmental concerns in infant play?

Lack of interest in exploring objects

What should students be able to identify and plan for in the context of pediatric clinical?

Appropriate health promotion activities

Which of the following is a red flag for developmental concerns in infants?

Lack of social smiling by 6 months

What is emphasized as a positive effect of attachment according to Bowlby's theory?

"Internal stability"

What should students demonstrate an appreciation and understanding of in the context of interprofessional roles?

"Collegiality"

According to Bowlby's Attachment Theory, what is the primary purpose of attachment for infants?

To internalize a sense of worth and build future relationships

What are the positive effects of attachment, as per Bowlby's theory?

Enhanced confidence in exploring the environment and effective coping

Which theoretical tool focuses on a child's need for one special relationship for internal development?

Freud’s Theory of Psychosexual Development

What is a potential red flag for developmental concerns in infant play, as indicated in the text?

Lack of interest in exploration

Which type of testing is NOT mentioned as a part of prenatal and postnatal diagnostic methods in the provided text?

Muscle strength assessment

What is a key competence that students should demonstrate in applying pediatric evidenced-informed health concepts and challenges, as per the text?

Incorporating up-to-date evidenced-informed research related to health concepts

At what age can infants typically sit alone, based on the provided text?

6 months

'Parallel play' is typically associated with which age group, based on the text?

>3 years old

At what age should infants gain the ability to sit alone according to the provided text?

8 months

What is a potential 'red flag' for concern in infants according to the provided text?

Bringing hands to midline by 10 months

What is a common toddler behavior mentioned in the provided text?

Sudden onset of stranger anxiety

When does toilet training typically begin according to the provided text?

18-24 months

What is a crucial element for infant play development according to the provided text?

Early referral for hearing concerns

What is a typical milestone for speech and language development in toddlers by 22-24 months according to the provided text?

Speaking with intention by 2 years

What is an important concept for early speech development in infants according to the provided text?

"Red flag" for lack of smiling by 4 months

What is a key developmental milestone for toddlers according to the provided text?

"Red flag" for preschool development

What is the primary focus of Interprofessional Education (IPE) as mentioned in the text?

Promoting coordination and comprehensive care

What is a key competency essential for Interprofessional Communication?

Role clarification

What does Jordan's Principle aim to ensure for Indigenous children?

Access to a wide range of health, social, and educational needs

What is the impact of attachment according to Bowlby's theory?

Affecting future relationships positively

What does Infant Development entail according to the provided text?

Assessing theory and skills for assessment of physical, cognitive, and emotional development

What should learners/practitioners be able to do within the context of Team Functioning?

Coordinate care effectively with each other and patients/clients, families, and communities

What is an essential aim of IPE as mentioned in the text?

Encouraging different professionals to meet and interact for improved collaborative practice

'Parallel play' is typically associated with which age group?

Toddlers

Which age group is typically dependent on sphincter control for bowel movements and is in the process of potty training?

Toddlers (1-3 years old)

What is a potential developmental red flag for school-age children (6-12 years old)?

Academic failure, aggressive behavior, and lack of friends

At what age should babies typically start solid foods according to the provided text?

3-4 months

Which type of genetic disorder affects individuals who receive two copies of the mutated gene, one from each parent?

Autosomal recessive disorders

What is the typical weight gain for infants at 2-6 months?

$10-30$ grams/day and $70-210$ grams/week

Which milestone should infants typically achieve by 10 months in terms of fine motor skills?

Buttoning clothing

Which type of chromosome abnormality can be numerical or structural according to the text?

Trisomy

Which age group gains independence from adult influences and begins to experiment with social, religious, and other activities?

Adolescents (12-18 years old)

Study Notes

Newborns have limited control in their gross and fine motor skills, reflexes are present at birth
Infants can lift their heads by 6 months, sit alone at 8 months, crawl and get around by 12-18 months
Gross motor development follows a typical pattern, but each individual's development is unique
Fine motor skills develop from a palmar grasp to a pincer grasp by 10 months, speech and language development varies
Early hearing screenings are important for speech development, red flags for developmental concerns include lack of smiling, infrequent hand usage, and delayed speech
Infant play is crucial for development, and parents should be encouraged to provide opportunities for exploration
Gross Motor Milestones: Head and Neck: Newborns barely lift their head, Infants at 12 months can stand independently, Run by 15 months
Fine Motor Milestones: Infants have little control at birth, can pick up objects using entire hand by 6 months, can grasp with thumb and forefinger by 8-10 months
Speech and Language: Babies coo and laugh between 1-2 months, say first words with intention by 18 months, can have two-word sentences by 22-24 months
Hearing: Universal newborn hearing screening, check for ear infections, early referral if necessary, catch hearing issues earlier
Infant Play: Reflection of development, solitary play, interaction with others, red flags: infants in fisted position after 6 months, not bringing both hands to midline by 10 months
Toddlers: Walking with ease by 12 months, can throw a ball, work on toilet training, stranger anxiety subsides by 2 ½ to 3 years, tantrums peak at 18 months, and sibling rivalry may be prolonged
Speech and Language: Toddlers should have some words by 18 months, can have 50% of words understood by strangers at 2 years, can have two-word sentences by 22-24 months and almost all speech understood by strangers by 3 years.
Early intervention is important for developmental concerns, provide resources and support for parents.
Children under the age of 6 years cannot concentrate their urine as efficiently as adults and require more frequent bathroom breaks.
Toddlers (1-3 years old) are dependent on sphincter control for bowel movements. They are in the process of potty training and do not engage in interactive play. Potential developmental red flags in this age group include delayed walking and poor social interaction.
Preschool children (3-6 years old) have more defined fine motor and cognitive skills. They can button clothing, hold a crayon or pencil, and build with small blocks. They begin to engage in associative play with other children and can follow simple directions. Potential developmental red flags in this age group include lack of socialization and difficulty in following self-care tasks.
School-age children (6-12 years old) have refined fine motor skills and cognitive abilities. They are able to join team sports and focus for longer periods of time. They begin to engage in cooperative play with their peers. Potential developmental red flags in this age group include academic failure, aggressive behavior, and lack of friends.
Adolescents (12-18 years old) gain independence from adult influences and have mood swings. They begin to experiment with social, religious, and other activities. Potential developmental red flags in this age group include inappropriate anger, suicidal ideation, addiction, and eating disorders.
At 2-6 months, typical weight gain is 10-30 grams/day and 70-210 grams/week, with typical height advancement of 1.5 cm/month. Babies usually double their birth weight by 5 months and triple it by 12 months.
At 3-4 months, babies should start solid foods. Formula is no longer sufficient for their nutritional needs. Whole milk should not be introduced until they are 12 months old.
Genetic diseases can be inherited or arise spontaneously. Autosomal dominant disorders affect both males and females equally. Autosomal recessive disorders affect individuals who receive two copies of the mutated gene, one from each parent. X-linked recessive disorders only affect males.
Genetic testing involves examining a person's DNA to identify anomalies associated with diseases or disorders. Chromosome abnormalities are common and can be numerical or structural. Numerical abnormalities include trisomy and monosomy. Structural abnormalities include translocation.
Mark, a 4-year-old boy, is likely developing typically in the areas of gross motor, fine motor, language, and self-help. Genetic diseases such as Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, Klinefelter Syndrome, and Turners Syndrome can affect growth and development.
Nursing responsibilities include providing emotional support, being aware of personal values, teaching, and helping families navigate the grieving process and locate appropriate support services.

Test your knowledge of infant reflexes and gross motor development with this quiz. Learn about the milestones and guidelines for motor skills from birth to 12 months.

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