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Questions and Answers
What is the recommended maximum hours of TV per day for children over 5 years by AAP?
What is the recommended maximum hours of TV per day for children over 5 years by AAP?
Which nutrient deficiency is most prevalent among U.S. children?
Which nutrient deficiency is most prevalent among U.S. children?
What is 'nursing bottle' tooth decay?
What is 'nursing bottle' tooth decay?
What nutrient differences exist between cow’s milk and human breast milk?
What nutrient differences exist between cow’s milk and human breast milk?
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At what age can whole milk be introduced to a child?
At what age can whole milk be introduced to a child?
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What practices have the greatest impact on an infant's nutrition?
What practices have the greatest impact on an infant's nutrition?
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How can you help avoid allergies in infants when starting solids?
How can you help avoid allergies in infants when starting solids?
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What are the 2 nutrients that are important for infants to get when starting solids?
What are the 2 nutrients that are important for infants to get when starting solids?
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What is the recommended age for introducing solid foods to an infant?
What is the recommended age for introducing solid foods to an infant?
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What might be a consequence of high intakes of milk in children?
What might be a consequence of high intakes of milk in children?
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Which nutrient deficiencies are common among U.S. children due to skipping breakfast?
Which nutrient deficiencies are common among U.S. children due to skipping breakfast?
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What is the primary reason for the increase in childhood obesity over the past 30 years?
What is the primary reason for the increase in childhood obesity over the past 30 years?
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Approximately what percentage of U.S. children are overweight or obese?
Approximately what percentage of U.S. children are overweight or obese?
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What behaviors are recommended to help prevent obesity in children?
What behaviors are recommended to help prevent obesity in children?
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What is 'nursing bottle' tooth decay?
What is 'nursing bottle' tooth decay?
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Why might an infant need supplementation while being breastfed?
Why might an infant need supplementation while being breastfed?
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'What advantages does breastfeeding have over formula?' Which one of these is NOT a correct advantage?
'What advantages does breastfeeding have over formula?' Which one of these is NOT a correct advantage?
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Study Notes
Nutrition in Infancy
- Infants are expected to gain 7-10 kg (15-22 lbs) in the first year.
- Energy requirement for infants is 115 kcal/kg/day.
- Exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months has the greatest impact on an infant's nutrition.
Breastfeeding vs. Formula
- Breastfeeding has advantages over formula, including optimal nutrition and immune system development.
- Vitamin D and iron may need to be supplemented in breastfed infants.
- "Nursing bottle" tooth decay occurs when an infant's teeth are exposed to milk or formula for extended periods.
Breast Milk vs. Cow's Milk
- Human breast milk has a higher concentration of whey protein, antibodies, and lactose, whereas cow's milk has a higher concentration of casein protein and calcium.
Introducing Solid Foods
- Infants are ready to start solid foods at around 6 months.
- To help avoid allergies, introduce single-ingredient purees, and gradually introduce new foods every 3-4 days.
- Avoid foods that are high allergenic potential, such as nuts, eggs, and fish.
Important Nutrients for Infants
- Iron and zinc are essential nutrients for infants when starting solids.
Childhood Nutrition
- Children who skip breakfast may experience decreased cognitive function, fatigue, and irritability.
- The most prevalent nutrient deficiency among U.S. children is iron deficiency.
- High intakes of milk may lead to iron deficiency in children.
Food Allergies and Intolerance
- Foods that most often cause allergies include peanuts, tree nuts, milk, eggs, fish, shellfish, wheat, and soy.
- Food intolerance is a non-allergic reaction to food, whereas a food allergy is an immune system response.
Childhood Obesity
- Approximately 18% of U.S. children are overweight or obese.
- The likely reasons for the increase in childhood obesity over the past 30 years include decreased physical activity, increased screen time, and unhealthy diet.
- The AAP recommends limiting TV to 1-2 hours per day for children over 5 years.
- Recommended behaviors to help prevent obesity in children include:
- Encouraging physical activity and outdoor play
- Limiting screen time and sedentary activities
- Promoting healthy eating habits and reducing sugar intake
- Encouraging family involvement in meal planning and preparation
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Description
Test your knowledge on infant nutrition with questions about expected weight gain, energy requirements, impact of feeding practices, nutrient supplementation, advantages of breast feeding, and differences between breast milk and formula.
