Chapter 16: The Infant Nutrition Quiz and Flashcards

Infants are expected to gain 7-10 kg (15-22 lbs) in the first year.
Energy requirement for infants is 115 kcal/kg/day.
Exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months has the greatest impact on an infant's nutrition.

Breastfeeding has advantages over formula, including optimal nutrition and immune system development.
Vitamin D and iron may need to be supplemented in breastfed infants.
"Nursing bottle" tooth decay occurs when an infant's teeth are exposed to milk or formula for extended periods.

Human breast milk has a higher concentration of whey protein, antibodies, and lactose, whereas cow's milk has a higher concentration of casein protein and calcium.

Infants are ready to start solid foods at around 6 months.
To help avoid allergies, introduce single-ingredient purees, and gradually introduce new foods every 3-4 days.
Avoid foods that are high allergenic potential, such as nuts, eggs, and fish.

Children who skip breakfast may experience decreased cognitive function, fatigue, and irritability.
The most prevalent nutrient deficiency among U.S. children is iron deficiency.
High intakes of milk may lead to iron deficiency in children.

Foods that most often cause allergies include peanuts, tree nuts, milk, eggs, fish, shellfish, wheat, and soy.
Food intolerance is a non-allergic reaction to food, whereas a food allergy is an immune system response.

Approximately 18% of U.S. children are overweight or obese.
The likely reasons for the increase in childhood obesity over the past 30 years include decreased physical activity, increased screen time, and unhealthy diet.
The AAP recommends limiting TV to 1-2 hours per day for children over 5 years.
Recommended behaviors to help prevent obesity in children include:
- Encouraging physical activity and outdoor play
- Limiting screen time and sedentary activities
- Promoting healthy eating habits and reducing sugar intake
- Encouraging family involvement in meal planning and preparation