Infancy Development (0-3 Years)

The ability of a baby to use language to communicate with their environment. This includes understanding and producing sounds, forming words, and using language to express their needs and desires.

Language allows a child to represent objects and ideas with words, giving them a sense of ownership over those concepts.

Language empowers a child to express their needs and desires, influencing how their environment reacts to them.

The process by which a child becomes aware of their own individuality and learns to differentiate themselves from others.

Behaviors and instincts driven by individual needs and desires.

Behaviors and instincts focused on social interactions and relationships.

The struggle a child faces between focusing on their own needs (egocentrism) and considering the needs and perspectives of others (sociocentrism).

The educator's role in guiding a child to adapt to societal norms and develop healthy social skills.

The natural drive for energy and desire in a child, essential for self-realization.

The child's developmental stage where the libido is blocked by physical or social limitations, leading to frustration.

Unconscious psychological patterns formed due to unmet needs or unresolved conflicts during childhood.

The unconscious defense mechanism that pushes unwanted thoughts, feelings, and memories into the subconscious.

A stage where the child's libido is focused on their parents, leading to complex emotions and desires.

The child's capacity to understand and interact with the world around them.

The child's ability to understand and learn through play, using imagination and role-playing.

The child's belief that inanimate objects have feelings and intentions, often leading to them attributing blame or punishment.

Children's thinking is heavily influenced by their own perspective and they struggle to see things from another person's point of view.

The child's language is often concrete and literal, relying heavily on gestures and intonation to convey meaning.

Children's scribbling, drawing, and writing are all part of a natural developmental process that needs encouragement and guidance.

The pre-school years are crucial for helping children overcome their tendency to focus solely on their own perspective and begin to develop a sense of self-awareness in the context of the world around them.

A challenging stage in early childhood development, where children may exhibit defiant behavior, resist rules, and struggle with authority figures.

Exercises and activities aimed at helping the child pay attention to their environment and understand how the world works through observation, language, and motor skills.

The ability to focus and maintain attention on a particular task or objective for a sustained period.

The ability to remember and recall information, which is essential for learning and problem-solving.

A behavioral disorder characterized by persistent defiance, disobedience, and hostility towards authority figures.

The shift from being primarily driven by emotions to developing self-control and managing emotions effectively.

The child's transition from a familiar home environment to a structured school setting can be challenging and lead to a period of adjustment.

The process of learning to control one's emotions and respond to situations in a socially acceptable way.

During middle childhood, the child learns to control and manage their emotions, becoming more subdued and aware of social expectations.

Children engaging in play activities with others, following rules, and interacting in a structured environment.

The child's impulsive nature, often expressed through crying, is gradually replaced by a more controlled and socially acceptable behavior.

The process of distinguishing between oneself and the environment, becoming aware of the world outside of oneself.

Children in middle childhood are exposed to and learn from their peers, developing new ways of interacting and adapting to social norms.

The set of tools, skills, and knowledge acquired by individuals to learn and adapt to their environment.

The child progresses from a primarily imaginary and self-centered world to engaging with the real world and its challenges.

The ability to focus attention on a specific task or topic, particularly important for learning.

The process of acquiring knowledge and skills through repeated practice, observation, and feedback.

Facing opposition and challenges in the real world helps children learn to cope and adapt to social expectations.

The gradual process of becoming a part of a group, starting with a small group like a classroom.

Factors influencing the child's development during middle childhood interact and make it difficult to isolate specific causes.

The gradual physical decline that occurs with aging, leading to decreased strength and functionality.

The main protein that gives skin its structure and elasticity. Production decreases with age, leading to thinner, less flexible skin and wrinkles.

The natural aging process of hearing loss.

A measure of general intellectual ability, encompassing various cognitive abilities like working memory, abstract thinking, and problem-solving.

The ability to learn and adapt quickly, involving working memory, abstract reasoning, and speed of thought.

The accumulated knowledge, facts, and information gained throughout education and experience.

The ability to analyze and solve problems logically.

The ability to think creatively and come up with new solutions.

The ability to apply knowledge and skills practically in everyday life.

The ability to understand and interact with others effectively.