Industrial Water Softening Methods
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Questions and Answers

What is the process of removing hardness-producing salts from water known as?

  • Water purification
  • Hardness removal
  • Lime soda process
  • Water softening (correct)

Which method employs the addition of lime and soda to chemically convert soluble calcium and magnesium salts into insoluble compounds?

  • Soda softening
  • Calcium conversion method
  • Lime-soda process (correct)
  • Magnesium precipitation technique

What are the products of the lime-soda process for water softening?

  • Sodium chloride and magnesium carbonate
  • Calcium chloride and magnesium hydroxide
  • Sodium carbonate and calcium hydroxide
  • Calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide (correct)

What reaction takes place when slaked lime is added to water with carbon dioxide?

<p>$Ca(OH)_2 + CO_2 → CaCO_3 ↓ + H_2O$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method involves the precipitation of calcium and magnesium ions by the addition of lime and soda ash?

<p>Lime-soda process (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when slaked lime reacts with bicarbonate hardness?

<p>$Ca(OH)_2 + Ca(HCO)_3 → CaCO_3 ↓ + 2H_2O$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is added to remove magnesium non-carbonate hardness?

<p>Hydrated lime (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the pH required to precipitate Mg(OH)2?

<p>10.8 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is used to stabilize the excess lime and magnesium hydroxide?

<p>Carbon dioxide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary impurity in quicklime?

<p>Magnesium oxide (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which form is slurry lime written?

<p>(Ca(OH)2) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is used to entraps the fine precipitates in the COLD LIME-SODA PROCESS?

<p>Aluminum hydroxide (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is used to remove calcium non-carbonate hardness?

<p>(Na2CO3) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is added to stabilize the calcium carbonate?

<p>(CO2) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What chemical method uses lime and soda mixed with water at room temperature to remove hardness?

<p>Cold Lime-soda process (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required to raise the pH when precipitating Mg(OH)2?

<p>Lime (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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