Industrial Revolution Overview

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

autonomy = self-government for a region Magyar = A synonym for Hungarian reactionary = A philosophy that opposes any political or social reforms Romanticism = A major European art movement focused on passion and emotion

Match the following historical figures with their contributions:

Louis Napoleon Bonaparte = Elected president of the Second Republic, later became Emperor Giuseppe Mazzini = Italian nationalist leader for a unified Italian state Kleindeutsch = Factions favoring a unified Germany under Prussian dominance Grossdeutsch = Factions favoring a unified Germany under Austrian dominance

Match the following movements with their descriptions:

Young Italy = Italian nationalist movement led by Mazzini Carboneri = Secret network of Italian nationalist groups for unification Diet of Frankfurt = German nationalist meeting aiming for a unified Germany Second Empire = Government of France under Emperor Napoleon III

Match the following historical periods with their timelines:

French Second Republic = 1848 – 1852 Second Empire = 1852 – 1870 Diet of Frankfurt = 1848 – 1849 Romanticism = Flourished between the 1790's and 1830's Signup and view all the answers

Match the following factions with their characteristics:

Kleindeutsch = Excluded Austria in the unification of Germany Grossdeutsch = Included Austria in the unification of Germany Young Italy = Focused on Italian nationalism Carboneri = Cooperate in unifying Italy through secrecy Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their appropriate contexts:

textile = Production related to cloth cottage industry = Goods produced in private homes spinning jenny = Machine to speed up cloth production steam engine = First artificial power generator Signup and view all the answers

Match the following inventions with their inventors:

Claremont = Robert Fulton Rocket = George Stephenson steam engine = James Watt spinning jenny = James Hargreaves Signup and view all the answers

Match the following events with their significance:

Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) = Standardized global time system Factory System = New method of producing goods Great Exhibition = First World's Fair Irish Potato Famine = Mass hunger event in Europe Signup and view all the answers

Match the following historical events with their descriptions:

Congress of Vienna = A diplomatic meeting aimed at restoring European order post-Napoleon Troppau Protocol = An 1820 agreement pledging military support against revolutions People’s Charter = A petition demanding universal manhood suffrage and reforms Abolition = The movement focused on ending the slave trade and slavery Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their effects on society:

steam engine = Enabled industrial development capital = Facilitated investment in businesses entrepreneurs = Led to economic growth textile = Increased cloth production efficiency Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their timelines:

Claremont = 1809 steam engine = 1769 Great Exhibition = 1851 Irish Potato Famine = 1845-1852 Signup and view all the answers

Match the following individuals with their roles:

Prince Metternich = Austrian Foreign Minister and dominant figure at the Congress Karl Marx = Philosopher who described the proletariat in relation to communism Urban middle-class men = Beneficiaries of the Great Reform Bill of 1832 European diplomats = Participants in the Congress of Vienna Signup and view all the answers

Match the following concepts with their explanations:

Franchise = The power to vote Suffrage = The right to vote in political elections Universal manhood suffrage = All adult men having voting rights Domestics = People employed to work in a home Signup and view all the answers

Match the following inventions with their roles in the Industrial Revolution:

spinning jenny = Initiated factory textile production steam engine = Paved the way for artificial power Rocket = Transformed railroad transport hydropower = Utilized natural energy for industry Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their associated movements or reforms:

Great Reform Bill of 1832 = Increased eligible voters in Britain People’s Charter = Demanded salaries for Parliament members Abolition = Opposed the practice of human slavery Restoration = Returned regimes to their power after revolutions Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with historical contexts:

Legitimacy = Applicable during the Congress of Vienna Congress of Vienna = Restoration of European order post-Napoleon Troppau Protocol = Conservative response to revolutions in Europe Ideology = Influenced political attitudes during the 19th century Signup and view all the answers

Match the following political movements with their goals:

Abolition = Ending the slave trade Universal manhood suffrage = Granting voting rights to all men People's Charter = Broadening democratic participation Restoration = Re-establishing previous governments Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Agricultural Revolution

Term referring to significant improvements and modernization of farming techniques and technologies
Led to increased crop yields, improving population diet and health.

Capital

Money used for investment.

Entrepreneurs

Person who organizes and operates a business.

Hydropower

Energy produced by flowing water.

Textile

Relating to cloth or cloth production.

Cottage Industry

Economic system where goods (e.g., cloth) were produced in private homes by peasants to supplement income.

Spinning Jenny

Early industrial machine that sped up cloth production.
Helped transition from cottage industry to factory production.
Marked the start of the Industrial Revolution.

Steam Engine

Invented by James Watt in 1769.
First artificial power generator.
Crucial to the Industrial Revolution.

Claremont

Robert Fulton's first successful steam-powered boat.
Traveled up the Hudson River in 1809.

Rocket

George Stephenson's award-winning steam-powered railroad.
Won a British national competition in 1829.

Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)

First standardized global time system.
Divides the globe into 24 time zones.

Factory System

New production system in the Industrial Revolution.
Replaced cottage industry.
Utilized powered machinery in factories.

"Iron Law of Wages"

Concept by David Ricardo.
Workers' wages are governed by supply and demand like any commodity.

Great Exhibition (Crystal Palace)

World's first world's fair (1851).
Nations showcased inventions and products.

Irish Potato Famine (Great Hunger)

Potato crop blight (1845-1852).
Led to mass hunger and significant political instability in Europe.
Over one million Irish deaths.

Corn Laws

Series of British tariffs on imported grains.
Intended to protect British landowners and farmers.
Kept bread prices high for urban workers.

Tenement

Overcrowded apartment buildings, typically in poor neighborhoods.

Cholera

Bacterial disease usually caused by contaminated water.

Typhoid

Bacterial disease usually caused by contaminated water.

Tuberculosis (TB)

Highly contagious bacterial infection.
Primarily affects the lungs.
Major cause of death in 19th-century overcrowded cities.

Sanitation System

Complex network of pipes for clean water and waste removal.

Metropolitan Police (Bobbies)

One of the first modern urban police forces, established by Sir Robert Peel.
Aimed to improve public safety in London.

Factory Acts

British laws improving working conditions and hours for children and women in factories.

Mine Acts

British laws prohibiting women, girls, and boys under 10 from working in mines.

Exploitation

Unfair treatment of workers for profit.

Labor Unions

Organized groups of workers, representing specific trades or industries.
Formed to protect and promote worker rights.

Combination Act

British law from the Napoleonic Wars banning labor unions and collective bargaining..

Strike

Work stoppage by employees to force management to address demands.

Luddites

British workers who destroyed factory machinery in protest to minimize technological changes.

Bourgeoisie

Urban, educated middle and upper classes.

Proletariat

Urban working class.

Great Reform Bill of 1832

Granted voting rights to urban, middle-class men.
Increased the number of eligible voters in Britain.

Franchise/Suffrage

Right to vote.

Domestics

People employed in homes, usually for housework.

Universal Manhood Suffrage

Political principle that all adult men have the right to vote.

People's Charter

National petition in Britain demanding universal suffrage, secret ballots, and salaries for Parliament members.

Abolition

Social and political movement to end slavery.

Congress of Vienna

Major European diplomatic conference (1814-1815).
Restored European order post-Napoleonic Wars.

Prince Metternich

Austrian Foreign Minister and Chancellor.
Played a major role in European politics in the early 1800s

Restoration

Process of reinstating a monarch or government.

Legitimacy

Something that's legal, rightful, or appropriate.

Balance of Power

European diplomatic goal preventing any single nation's dominance.

Troppau Protocol

Diplomatic agreement (1820) between major European powers.
Pledged military assistance to governments threatened by revolution.

Ideology

Set of ideas forming the basis of thoughts and actions toward political and economic goals.

Conservatism

Political ideology emphasizing private property, traditional social values,and free enterprise.

Liberalism

Political ideology emphasizing individual rights, personal liberty,and equality before the law.

"The government that governs best, governs least."

Quote by John Stuart Mill summarizing the philosophy of liberalism.

Free Trade

Economic policy supporting international trade without restrictions.

Capitalism

Economic system with private ownership of businesses and control over production.

Socialism

Economic theory advocating for state control of key resources and businesses.

Subjugate

Control or dominate another group or person, often through conquest or force.

Utopian Socialism

Branch of socialism advocating for communal living and ideal communities.

New Lanark

Industrial community model by Robert Owen.
Focused on workers' housing, schools, and fair pay.

July Monarchy

Reign of King Louis Philippe in France (1830-1848).

Provisional Government

Temporary government established following the overthrow of a regime.

National Workshops

French Second Republic's employment program (1848).

June Days

Violent uprising in France (1848).
Workers protested closure of National Workshops.

French Second Republic (1848–1852)

French government following the overthrow of Louis Philippe.

Louis Napoleon Bonaparte (Napoleon III)

Nephew of Napoleon, elected president then Emperor of the Second Republic.

Second Empire (1852–1870)

French Empire under Napoleon III.

Autonomy

Self-governance of a region.

Magyar

Synonym for Hungarian.

Reactionary

Philosophy opposing political and social reforms.

Diet of Frankfurt

German nationalist meeting (1848-1849) aiming to form a unified German state.

Kleindeutsch

German nationalist faction favouring Prussian leadership in the creation of a unified German state.

Grossdeutsch

German nationalist faction favouring an Austrian-led unified Germany.

Giuseppe Mazzini

Italian nationalist leader promoting Italian unification.

Young Italy

Italian nationalist movement led by Mazzini.

Carbonari

Italian nationalist secret society promoting Italian unification.

Romanticism

European artistic movement emphasizing emotion, passion, and imagination.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Explore the key concepts and inventions that characterized the Industrial Revolution, including the Agricultural Revolution, the role of capital and entrepreneurs, and significant technological advancements like the steam engine and spinning jenny. This quiz covers various aspects of economic transformation and industrialization.