Podcast
Questions and Answers
What was the Industrial Revolution characterized by?
What was the Industrial Revolution characterized by?
- The use of steam power (correct)
- Handcrafted goods
- The decline of urban areas
- The rise of the internet
What was the enclosure movement?
What was the enclosure movement?
Wealthy farmers buying land from small farmers.
What is crop rotation?
What is crop rotation?
A method of growing different crops in succession on the same land.
Industrialization transforms an economy from agricultural to manufacturing.
Industrialization transforms an economy from agricultural to manufacturing.
Which of the following are factors of production?
Which of the following are factors of production?
What is a factory?
What is a factory?
Who is an entrepreneur?
Who is an entrepreneur?
What does urbanization refer to?
What does urbanization refer to?
What is the middle class?
What is the middle class?
What is stock?
What is stock?
What is a corporation?
What is a corporation?
Laissez-faire supports government intervention in business affairs.
Laissez-faire supports government intervention in business affairs.
Who is Adam Smith?
Who is Adam Smith?
What is capitalism?
What is capitalism?
What does utilitarianism propose?
What does utilitarianism propose?
What is socialism?
What is socialism?
Who is Karl Marx?
Who is Karl Marx?
What is communism?
What is communism?
What is an industrial union?
What is an industrial union?
What is a strike?
What is a strike?
What is an assembly line?
What is an assembly line?
Who is Charles Darwin?
Who is Charles Darwin?
Study Notes
Industrial Revolution
- A pivotal period of rapid industrial development in Britain during the late 18th and 19th centuries.
- Marked by the introduction of machinery, steam power, factory growth, and mass production of goods.
Enclosure Movement
- Emerged in the early 1700s as wealthy farmers acquired land from small farmers.
- Led to economies of scale, transforming agricultural practices and contributing to the Industrial Revolution.
Crop Rotation
- A practice introduced during the Agricultural Revolution to enhance farming efficiency.
- Associated with innovations like the Seed Drill and Selective Breeding, it forced small farmers to adapt or relocate.
Industrialization
- Transition from an agricultural-based economy to manufacturing-focused production.
- Replaced manual labor with mechanized processes and assembly line techniques.
Factors of Production
- Key components include land, labor, resources, and entrepreneurship, crucial for industrial success.
- Resulted in urbanization as large numbers of workers migrated to cities for factory jobs.
Factory System
- Shifted manufacturing from home-based production to specialized factories with powered machinery.
- Allowed for mass production, significantly increasing output.
Entrepreneur
- Individuals who organize, manage, and assume risks associated with starting and operating a business.
Urbanization
- Significant population movement from rural areas to cities during the Industrial Revolution.
- Transition from over 80% rural living to urban centers as workers sought jobs.
Middle Class
- A social class that emerged, consisting of skilled workers, professionals, business owners, and affluent farmers.
Stock and Corporations
- Stock represents ownership in a corporation, allowing shareholders to profit without liability for company debts.
- Corporations are businesses owned by multiple stockholders.
Economic Theories
- Laissez Faire: Advocates minimal government interference in business.
- Adam Smith: Philosopher known for championing laissez faire economics.
- Capitalism: Economic system based on profit-driven investments.
Social Concepts
- Utilitarianism: Evaluates ideas based on their usefulness.
- Socialism: Proposes that businesses should be collectively owned by society.
- Karl Marx: Known for his critiques of capitalism and advocate of Marxism, co-author of The Communist Manifesto.
Communism
- A political theory advocating for a classless society where all property and resources are communally owned.
Labor Movements
- Unions: Organized labor groups advocating for workers’ rights across industries and trades.
- Strikes: Collective worker actions in response to grievances, common during the Industrial Revolution to demand better conditions.
Assembly Line
- A manufacturing process involving sequential addition of parts to create a final product, enhancing production efficiency.
Charles Darwin
- Renowned English naturalist known for his contributions to evolutionary theory, significant in the context of industrial and social changes.
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Test your knowledge of key terms related to the Industrial Revolution with these flashcards. Each card contains a defined term crucial to understanding this transformative period in history. Perfect for students and history enthusiasts alike.