Industrial Revolution Definitions Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What was the Industrial Revolution characterized by?

  • The use of steam power (correct)
  • Handcrafted goods
  • The decline of urban areas
  • The rise of the internet

    • What was the enclosure movement?

    Wealthy farmers buying land from small farmers.

    What is crop rotation?

    A method of growing different crops in succession on the same land.

    Industrialization transforms an economy from agricultural to manufacturing.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are factors of production?

    <p>Entrepreneurship</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a factory?

    <p>A place where goods are manufactured using powered machinery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is an entrepreneur?

    <p>A person who organizes and manages a business.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does urbanization refer to?

    <p>The growth of cities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the middle class?

    <p>A social class of skilled workers, professionals, and business people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is stock?

    <p>A right of ownership in a corporation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a corporation?

    <p>A business owned by stockholders who share in its profits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Laissez-faire supports government intervention in business affairs.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is Adam Smith?

    <p>A philosopher who defended laissez-faire economics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is capitalism?

    <p>An economic system where individuals invest money to make a profit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does utilitarianism propose?

    <p>An idea is judged by its usefulness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is socialism?

    <p>A belief that businesses should be owned by society as a whole.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is Karl Marx?

    <p>An economic thinker who wrote about socialism and communism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is communism?

    <p>A political theory where all property is owned collectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an industrial union?

    <p>A labor union organizing all workers in the same industry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a strike?

    <p>A work stoppage in response to grievances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an assembly line?

    <p>A manufacturing process where parts are added sequentially.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is Charles Darwin?

    <p>An English naturalist known for his theory of evolution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Industrial Revolution

    • A pivotal period of rapid industrial development in Britain during the late 18th and 19th centuries.
    • Marked by the introduction of machinery, steam power, factory growth, and mass production of goods.

    Enclosure Movement

    • Emerged in the early 1700s as wealthy farmers acquired land from small farmers.
    • Led to economies of scale, transforming agricultural practices and contributing to the Industrial Revolution.

    Crop Rotation

    • A practice introduced during the Agricultural Revolution to enhance farming efficiency.
    • Associated with innovations like the Seed Drill and Selective Breeding, it forced small farmers to adapt or relocate.

    Industrialization

    • Transition from an agricultural-based economy to manufacturing-focused production.
    • Replaced manual labor with mechanized processes and assembly line techniques.

    Factors of Production

    • Key components include land, labor, resources, and entrepreneurship, crucial for industrial success.
    • Resulted in urbanization as large numbers of workers migrated to cities for factory jobs.

    Factory System

    • Shifted manufacturing from home-based production to specialized factories with powered machinery.
    • Allowed for mass production, significantly increasing output.

    Entrepreneur

    • Individuals who organize, manage, and assume risks associated with starting and operating a business.

    Urbanization

    • Significant population movement from rural areas to cities during the Industrial Revolution.
    • Transition from over 80% rural living to urban centers as workers sought jobs.

    Middle Class

    • A social class that emerged, consisting of skilled workers, professionals, business owners, and affluent farmers.

    Stock and Corporations

    • Stock represents ownership in a corporation, allowing shareholders to profit without liability for company debts.
    • Corporations are businesses owned by multiple stockholders.

    Economic Theories

    • Laissez Faire: Advocates minimal government interference in business.
    • Adam Smith: Philosopher known for championing laissez faire economics.
    • Capitalism: Economic system based on profit-driven investments.

    Social Concepts

    • Utilitarianism: Evaluates ideas based on their usefulness.
    • Socialism: Proposes that businesses should be collectively owned by society.
    • Karl Marx: Known for his critiques of capitalism and advocate of Marxism, co-author of The Communist Manifesto.

    Communism

    • A political theory advocating for a classless society where all property and resources are communally owned.

    Labor Movements

    • Unions: Organized labor groups advocating for workers’ rights across industries and trades.
    • Strikes: Collective worker actions in response to grievances, common during the Industrial Revolution to demand better conditions.

    Assembly Line

    • A manufacturing process involving sequential addition of parts to create a final product, enhancing production efficiency.

    Charles Darwin

    • Renowned English naturalist known for his contributions to evolutionary theory, significant in the context of industrial and social changes.

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    Test your knowledge of key terms related to the Industrial Revolution with these flashcards. Each card contains a defined term crucial to understanding this transformative period in history. Perfect for students and history enthusiasts alike.

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