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Questions and Answers
What does the phrase 'ALMOST THERE' indicate?
What does the phrase 'ALMOST THERE' indicate?
What does 'M15L4' imply?
What does 'M15L4' imply?
What symbolically means 'Don't give up'?
What symbolically means 'Don't give up'?
M15L3
What does 'M15L2' represent?
What does 'M15L2' represent?
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What mixed feelings are associated with the Industrial Revolution?
What mixed feelings are associated with the Industrial Revolution?
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What were the benefits of the Industrial Revolution?
What were the benefits of the Industrial Revolution?
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What were the negative effects of the Industrial Revolution?
What were the negative effects of the Industrial Revolution?
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How important were labor unions during the Industrial Revolution?
How important were labor unions during the Industrial Revolution?
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What did the Industrial Revolution cause in terms of population movement?
What did the Industrial Revolution cause in terms of population movement?
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What did Adam Smith describe as the first law of economics?
What did Adam Smith describe as the first law of economics?
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What were the two warring classes identified by Marx and Engels?
What were the two warring classes identified by Marx and Engels?
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How did industrialization lead to imperialism?
How did industrialization lead to imperialism?
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What were two important inventions created during the Industrial Revolution?
What were two important inventions created during the Industrial Revolution?
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What are the four natural resources necessary for British industrialization?
What are the four natural resources necessary for British industrialization?
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Study Notes
Industrial Revolution Overview
- Described as a mixed blessing, providing jobs and urban growth while also causing pollution and unsafe working conditions.
- Social structures shifted dramatically, leading to both class tensions and the rise of a new middle class.
Labor Unions and Worker Empowerment
- Labor unions significantly increased workers' power by fighting for better wages, hours, and working conditions.
- Organized strikes encouraged solidarity among workers, who otherwise faced job loss and imprisonment.
- Unions emerged in response to governmental opposition, including the Combination Acts which outlawed strikes.
Social Changes and Urbanization
- The Industrial Revolution caused widespread urbanization, with many migrating to cities for factory jobs.
- Population growth increased demand for goods, leading to a shift from agrarian economies to industrial ones.
- Life improved for some, with better wages and conditions, but workers often endured poor health and long hours in factories.
Class Structure and Tensions
- The Industrial Revolution intensified class tensions, creating a distinct divide between the wealthy bourgeoisie and the impoverished proletariat.
- The newly formed middle class grew significantly, eventually amassing wealth surpassing that of traditional aristocrats.
- The wealth disparity fostered resentment and social friction between classes.
Global Impact and Inequality
- Industrialized countries required raw materials from less developed regions, creating an unequal global economy.
- Countries like Britain capitalized on their resources and labor needs, establishing trade relationships based on their industrial capabilities.
Innovations and Economic Development
- Key inventions, such as the steam engine and railways, transformed transportation and increased efficiency in industries.
- Entrepreneurs played a crucial role in advancing the Industrial Revolution by investing in and commercializing new technologies.
Challenges to Industrialization
- Other European nations faced delays in industrialization due to political upheaval and lack of resources compared to Britain.
- Britain struggled to maintain its industrial secrets, leading to the export of knowledge and technology by individuals such as Samuel Slater.
Women's Role and Activism
- Women contributed to social change through advocacy, forming unions, and seeking rights by engaging in low-income housing initiatives and serving as factory inspectors.
Key Economic Principles
- Adam Smith’s three natural laws of economics highlighted self-interest, competition, and supply and demand as foundational economic principles.
Historical Context
- The rise of industrialization initiated a demand for imperialism, as countries sought new markets and materials leading to territorial expansion, particularly in Africa and Asia.
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Description
These flashcards cover key concepts from the Industrial Revolution, including terminology and essential definitions. Each card is designed to enhance your understanding and retention of vital information related to this transformative period in history.
