Questions and Answers
What is the condition termed as 'Layup'?
What does 'Pickling' refer to in tubing and piping systems?
Chemical or electrochemical removal of surface oxides
What is Ferritic steel?
Steel with less than 0.10 percent carbon dissolved in iron
What is Mill Scale?
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What does Turbinizing involve?
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What is the most effective method for removing tight scale?
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When is pickling an effective cleaning method?
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What solution is most commonly used for pickling?
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What is passivating?
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What is Austenitic Stainless Steel?
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What is a dead leg in piping systems?
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What is turbidimetry used for?
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What does water flushing involve?
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What is air cleaning?
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What is the primary use of nitrogen in cleaning and purging?
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What is steam cleaning used for?
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What special procedures are required for oxygen service lines?
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What do ASME, ANSI, and ASTM stand for?
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Why is leak testing needed?
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The test pressure is applied before the system and test medium are at the same temperature.
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What are important parameters for conducting a leak test?
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Leak-tested components may be tested at a pressure exceeding 25% of the design pressure unless specified otherwise.
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What is an initial service test?
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What must be dry and filtered in pneumatic leak tests?
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What is Snoop?
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How should the bubbler be installed for a leak test?
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What is hydrostatic leak testing?
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Study Notes
Definitions and Terms
- Layup: A condition of inactivity in a system requiring protection from corrosion and contaminants.
- Pickling: Removal of surface oxides through chemical or electrochemical processes, especially after welding to eliminate mill scale and discoloration.
- Ferritic Steel: Contains less than 0.10% carbon, cannot be hardened by heat treatment.
- Mill Scale: Flaky material formed on hot rolled steel, composed of various iron oxides.
- Turbinizing: Mechanical scale removal from inside pipes using air-driven rotating cleaners.
- Sand Shot or Grit: Highly effective technique for removing stubborn scale.
Cleaning Techniques and Methods
- Pickling Effectiveness: Ideal for cleaning large straight tubes prior to fabrication or small subassemblies where blasting is impractical. Used when other cleaning methods are ineffective.
- Pickling Liquors: Hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid solutions commonly utilized for pickling operations.
- Passivating: Creating a protective surface layer to inhibit corrosion.
- Austenitic Stainless Steel: Common stainless steel type, typically does not require aggressive cleaning, except for grease removal.
- Dead Leg: An area in the system that does not facilitate flow during cleaning or cannot be drained without special provisions.
Testing and Flushing Methods
- Turbidimetry: Method for testing flushing fluids for cleanliness by analyzing suspended particles using light beams.
- Water Flushing: Involves filling and flushing the system with specified quality water.
- Air Cleaning: Effective cleaning and drying method leaving no residues, suitable for loose particles and minor corrosion.
- Nitrogen Cleaning and Purging: Utilizes nitrogen for air and moisture-free purging; its inert nature prevents oxide formation.
- Steam Cleaning: Efficient method for removing oils, grease, and preservatives from systems.
Special Considerations
- Oxygen Service Lines: Require special cleaning due to oxygen's reactivity with oils; uses caustic or degreasing agents for cleaning.
- Industry Standards: ASME, ANSI, and ASTM provide accepted standards for leak testing in piping systems.
- Leak Testing Necessities: Conducted before the system is operational, after significant repairs, or following events like fires.
Test Procedures and Parameters
- Test Temperature and Pressure: The test medium and system must share similar temperatures before applying pressure.
- Leak Testing Parameters: Important factors include temperature, pressure, and leakage limits.
- Pressure Limits for Leak Testing: Normally not exceed 25% of design pressure unless authorized otherwise.
- Initial Service Test: Involves gradually bringing piping systems to normal operating pressure, maintained for a minimum of 10 minutes.
- Pneumatic Leak Testing: Requires dry, filtered air; employs bubble leak testers; common gases used include nitrogen and argon.
- Snoop Solution: A popular brand of liquid bubble leak solution used during leak tests.
Installation for Leak Tests
- Bubbler Installation: Should be placed between the compressed air source and the system to check for leaks; indicates presence and rate but not the leak's location.
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Description
Test your knowledge on various industrial process terms such as 'Layup', 'Pickling', and 'Mill Scale'. This quiz encompasses key definitions and concepts in tubing and piping systems, as well as materials like Ferritic steel. Explore the terminology and techniques used in industrial operations.