Industrial Fermentation and Enzymes Quiz

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What is the primary purpose of cultivating second generation biofuels like Switchgrass?

To enhance gasification technology
To undergo combustion
To convert directly into ethanol
To act as direct biomass (correct)

Which technology is primarily used in the fermentation of first generation biofuels into ethanol?

Thermochemical conversion (correct)
Pyrolysis
Torrefaction
Gasification

Why is oxygen limited in the gasification process of second generation biofuels?

To increase carbon dioxide emissions
To decrease the production of syngas
To produce synthesis gas (correct)
To enhance the combustion process

What differentiates pyrolysis from combustion?

Pyrolysis is carried out in the absence of oxygen (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of feedstock is primarily used in gasification for second generation biofuels?

Black liquor (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does the gasification process for second generation biofuels differ from that of conventional fossil fuels?

It generates syngas instead of carbon dioxide (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of fermentation with unique or genetically modified bacteria in biofuel production?

To convert second-generation feedstock into biofuel (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why is the use of lignocellulosic biomass more complicated than first-generation feedstocks in biofuel production?

Polysaccharides in lignocellulosic biomass are more stable (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main challenge in converting lignocellulosic biomass to biofuels?

The need for hydrolysis of polysaccharides (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why are pentose sugars not readily fermentable by Saccharomyces cerevisiae?

Because they are more stable than hexose sugars (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which biological process is particularly popular for second-generation feedstock like landfill gas and municipal waste?

Fermentation (B) Signup and view all the answers

What must be done to convert lignocellulosic biomass to biofuels?

Hydrolyse polysaccharides into simple sugars (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why Saccharomyces cerevisiae cannot directly ferment starchy material like maize starch?

It lacks the ability to produce the necessary enzymes for starch hydrolysis (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is essential in breaking down starchy material into fermentable sugars for yeast like Saccharomyces cerevisiae?

Amylases (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key goal of developing genetic yeast strains that can produce amylases themselves?

Combining the hydrolysis and fermentation steps (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for second-generation biofuels to be derived from sustainable feedstock?

To minimize impact on greenhouse gas emissions (C) Signup and view all the answers

What factor determines whether a feedstock qualifies as second generation for biofuel production?

Its unsuitability for human consumption (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why are second-generation biofuels sometimes referred to as 'advanced biofuels'?

Due to their extraction from different feedstock types (A) Signup and view all the answers