Industrial Chemistry 1 - Chapter 3: Ethylene Chemicals
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Questions and Answers

What is the chemical formula for Ethylene?

  • C2H6
  • C2H2
  • C3H6
  • C2H4 (correct)

    • Ethylene is a colorless gas with a pungent odor.

    False (B)

    What is a major product derived from Ethylene Oxide?

    Ethylene glycol

    Ethylene has a molecular weight of _____ g/mol.

    <p>28.05</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following characteristics with ethylene's properties:

    <p>Color = Colorless State = Gas Odor = Sweet and musky Reactivity = High</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a characteristic of ethylene?

    <p>Solid at room temperature (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ethylene Oxide production involves an exothermic reaction.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the boiling point of Ethylene in degrees Celsius?

    <p>-103.7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reaction temperature for oxidation in the old technique of acetaldehyde production?

    <p>500 °C (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Acetaldehyde has direct uses in industrial applications.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Cu(II) ions in the Wacker Process?

    <p>To re-oxidize Pd° to Pd2+ ions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Wacker Process uses an aqueous solution of __________ and copper(II) chloride as a catalyst system.

    <p>palladium(II) chloride</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the production techniques of acetaldehyde to their associated characteristics.

    <p>Old Technique = Reacts at 500 °C New Technique = Uses a Wacker catalyst Single-stage Process = Direct feed into a vertical reactor Two-stage Process = Involves multiple steps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate temperature used in the new technique for the oxidation of ethylene?

    <p>130 °C (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The overall reaction for ethylene oxidation is endothermic.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the residence time during epoxidation?

    <p>It is short, approximately one second.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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    Flashcards

    Epoxidation

    A chemical reaction that adds an oxygen atom to a molecule, usually an alkene.

    Acetaldehyde

    A colorless liquid with a pungent odor, used as a building block for other chemicals.

    Old Technique for Acetaldehyde Production

    A process that converts ethanol into acetaldehyde using silver or copper catalysts at high temperatures.

    New Technique for Acetaldehyde Production (The Wacker Process)

    An efficient method where ethylene reacts with water and oxygen in the presence of a palladium-copper catalyst.

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    Steps Involved in The Wacker Process

    The Wacker process involves the reduction of palladium ions to palladium metal, oxidation of ethylene to acetaldehyde, and re-oxidation of palladium by copper ions.

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    Ethylene Oxidation in The Wacker Process

    The reaction releases heat, making it more energy-efficient.

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    Single-Stage Acetaldehyde Production

    A vertical reactor containing a catalyst solution is used to mix ethylene, oxygen, and recycled gas.

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    Two-Stage Acetaldehyde Production

    A two-step process involving separate reactors for the oxidation of palladium and the re-oxidation of copper.

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    Ethylene

    A colorless, flammable gas with a sweet and musky odor. It has a simple structure, high reactivity and is relatively inexpensive to produce.

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    Ethylene Oxide

    A chemical compound produced by the controlled oxidation of ethylene. It acts as a precursor for many commercial chemicals, like ethylene glycol, ethanolamines, and polyesters.

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    Ethylene Oxide Production

    Ethylene oxide is produced by selectively reacting ethylene with oxygen in the presence of a silver catalyst. It's an exothermic reaction, so careful control is required to sustain the reaction.

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    Ethylene Oxide Reactor

    Ethylene oxide production typically involves feeding ethylene and oxygen into a multi-tubular reactor along with recycled gas. The reactor's shell is filled with boiling water to control the reaction temperature.

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    Ethylene Oxide - Effluent Gases

    After the reaction, the mixture is cooled and ethylene oxide is absorbed using a dilute aqueous solution. Un-reacted gases are treated separately.

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    Ethylene Glycol

    A colorless, viscous liquid with sweet taste and smell. This chemical is a key ingredient in many household products, including antifreeze.

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    Ethylene - Properties

    A simple structure, a small molecule that can be used as a raw material for various chemicals and polymers. It's relatively inexpensive and produces few by-products.

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    Study Notes

    Industrial Chemistry 1 - Chapter 3: Chemicals Based on Ethylene

    • Ethylene is a hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C2H4.
    • It's a colorless, flammable gas with a sweet, musky odor in its pure form.
    • Ethylene has a simple structure and high reactivity.
    • It's relatively inexpensive and produces fewer by-products compared to other olefins during reactions.
    • Ethylene serves as a raw material for numerous chemicals and polymers, including ethanol and polyethylene.
    • It's readily produced from various hydrocarbon sources via steam-cracking.
    • Its molecular weight is 28.05 g/mol.
    • Its density at 15°C is 1.178 kg/m³, in gaseous state.
    • Ethylene boils at -103.7°C (169.5 K) and melts at -169.2 °C (104.0 K).

    Major Chemicals and Polymers from Ethylene

    • Ethylene is a precursor for many important commercial chemicals like ethylene glycol, ethanolamines, and polyesters.
    • Ethylene oxide is a critical derivative, produced by controlled oxidation of ethylene over a silver catalyst.
    • The reaction is exothermic.
    • The production process uses multi-tubular reactors, controlling oxidation temperature with boiling water.
    • Ethylene oxide undergoes a chemical reaction at ~200-300 °C, with a short residence time of about 1 second.
    • Acetaldehyde is another significant product derived from ethylene.
    • Acetaldehyde is a colorless liquid with a pungent odor.
    • It's used primarily in the synthesis of other compounds, especially as a raw material for acetic acid production.
    • Acetaldehyde production can use traditional methods like silver or chromium-activated copper catalysis, but modern techniques employ a homogenous catalyst like the Wacker process.
    • The Wacker process, involving palladium and copper catalysts, is commonly used for oxidizing ethylene to acetaldehyde at 130 °C.
    • The overall reaction is exothermic (with ΔH = -218.6 kJ/mol) in redox reactions for acetaldehyde production.
    • Byproducts of ethylene and acetaldehyde reactions can include acetic acid, ethyl chloride, chloroacetaldehyde, and carbon dioxide.
    • Ethylene's yield from either production method is approximately 95%.

    Conclusion

    • Ethylene is a crucial starting material for various petrochemicals and polymers.
    • Continuous advancements are vital to boost its production and thus related chemicals.

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    Industrial Chemistry 1: Chapter 3 - Chemicals Based on Ethylene PDF

    Description

    This quiz focuses on Chapter 3 of Industrial Chemistry 1, which covers the properties and significance of ethylene. Explore its role as a raw material for various chemicals and polymers, including its production methods and key derivatives. Test your understanding of the essential facts and applications of ethylene in industrial chemistry.

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