Industrial Chemistry 1 - Chapter 3: Ethylene Chemicals

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Questions and Answers

What is the chemical formula for Ethylene?

C2H6

C2H2

C3H6

C2H4 (correct)

Ethylene is a colorless gas with a pungent odor.

False

What is a major product derived from Ethylene Oxide?

Ethylene glycol

Ethylene has a molecular weight of _____ g/mol.

28.05 Signup and view all the answers

Match the following characteristics with ethylene's properties:

Color = Colorless State = Gas Odor = Sweet and musky Reactivity = High Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a characteristic of ethylene?

Solid at room temperature Signup and view all the answers

Ethylene Oxide production involves an exothermic reaction.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is the boiling point of Ethylene in degrees Celsius?

-103.7 Signup and view all the answers

What is the reaction temperature for oxidation in the old technique of acetaldehyde production?

500 °C Signup and view all the answers

Acetaldehyde has direct uses in industrial applications.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Cu(II) ions in the Wacker Process?

To re-oxidize Pd° to Pd2+ ions. Signup and view all the answers

The Wacker Process uses an aqueous solution of __________ and copper(II) chloride as a catalyst system.

palladium(II) chloride Signup and view all the answers

Match the production techniques of acetaldehyde to their associated characteristics.

Old Technique = Reacts at 500 °C New Technique = Uses a Wacker catalyst Single-stage Process = Direct feed into a vertical reactor Two-stage Process = Involves multiple steps Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate temperature used in the new technique for the oxidation of ethylene?

130 °C Signup and view all the answers

The overall reaction for ethylene oxidation is endothermic.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the residence time during epoxidation?

It is short, approximately one second. Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Industrial Chemistry 1 - Chapter 3: Chemicals Based on Ethylene

Ethylene is a hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C₂H₄.
It's a colorless, flammable gas with a sweet, musky odor in its pure form.
Ethylene has a simple structure and high reactivity.
It's relatively inexpensive and produces fewer by-products compared to other olefins during reactions.
Ethylene serves as a raw material for numerous chemicals and polymers, including ethanol and polyethylene.
It's readily produced from various hydrocarbon sources via steam-cracking.
Its molecular weight is 28.05 g/mol.
Its density at 15°C is 1.178 kg/m³, in gaseous state.
Ethylene boils at -103.7°C (169.5 K) and melts at -169.2 °C (104.0 K).

Major Chemicals and Polymers from Ethylene

Ethylene is a precursor for many important commercial chemicals like ethylene glycol, ethanolamines, and polyesters.
Ethylene oxide is a critical derivative, produced by controlled oxidation of ethylene over a silver catalyst.
The reaction is exothermic.
The production process uses multi-tubular reactors, controlling oxidation temperature with boiling water.
Ethylene oxide undergoes a chemical reaction at ~200-300 °C, with a short residence time of about 1 second.
Acetaldehyde is another significant product derived from ethylene.
Acetaldehyde is a colorless liquid with a pungent odor.
It's used primarily in the synthesis of other compounds, especially as a raw material for acetic acid production.
Acetaldehyde production can use traditional methods like silver or chromium-activated copper catalysis, but modern techniques employ a homogenous catalyst like the Wacker process.
The Wacker process, involving palladium and copper catalysts, is commonly used for oxidizing ethylene to acetaldehyde at 130 °C.
The overall reaction is exothermic (with ΔH = -218.6 kJ/mol) in redox reactions for acetaldehyde production.
Byproducts of ethylene and acetaldehyde reactions can include acetic acid, ethyl chloride, chloroacetaldehyde, and carbon dioxide.
Ethylene's yield from either production method is approximately 95%.

Conclusion

Ethylene is a crucial starting material for various petrochemicals and polymers.
Continuous advancements are vital to boost its production and thus related chemicals.

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Description

This quiz focuses on Chapter 3 of Industrial Chemistry 1, which covers the properties and significance of ethylene. Explore its role as a raw material for various chemicals and polymers, including its production methods and key derivatives. Test your understanding of the essential facts and applications of ethylene in industrial chemistry.