Industrial Chemistry 1, Chapter 3: Ethylene
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Questions and Answers

What is the chemical formula for ethylene?

  • CH4
  • C3H6
  • C2H2
  • C2H4 (correct)

    • Ethylene is a colorless, non-flammable gas.

    False

    Name one major chemical produced from ethylene.

    Ethylene glycol

    Ethylene has a molecular weight of ______ g/mol.

    <p>28.05</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a precursor for many important commercial chemicals?

    <p>Ethylene Oxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The main production reaction for ethylene oxide is an endothermic process.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following properties of ethylene with their descriptions:

    <p>Density = 1.178 kg/m3 at 15 °C, gas Melting Point = −169.2 °C Boiling Point = −103.7 °C Molecular Weight = 28.05 g/mol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ethylene is commonly produced from ______ hydrocarbon sources through a process called steam-cracking.

    <p>any</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main catalyst used in the Wacker Process for acetaldehyde production?

    <p>Palladium(II) chloride</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Wacker Process for acetaldehyde production operates at a reaction temperature of 500 °C.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of acetaldehyde?

    <p>Synthesis of other compounds, specifically acetic acid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The reaction for acetaldehyde production using the Wacker Process involves the oxidation of __________.

    <p>ethylene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following techniques of acetaldehyde production with their description:

    <p>Old Technique = Silver-catalyzed oxidation or chromium activated copper-catalyzed dehydrogenation of ethanol. New Technique = Oxidation of ethylene using a homogeneous catalyst. Single-stage process = Ethylene, oxygen, and recycled gas fed into a vertical reactor. Two-stage process = Oxidation reaction carried out in two steps.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What temperature range is required for the epoxidation reaction?

    <p>200–300 °C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The overall reaction for the oxidation of ethylene to acetaldehyde is endothermic.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cu(II) ions are reduced to __________ as part of the Wacker Process.

    <p>Cu(I) ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Industrial Chemistry 1, Chapter 3: Chemicals Based on Ethylene

    • Ethylene is a hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C2H4.
    • Ethylene is a colorless, flammable gas with a sweet, musky odor in its pure form.
    • Ethylene has a simple structure and high reactivity.
    • Ethylene is relatively inexpensive.
    • Ethylene produces fewer by-products during reactions with other compounds compared to other olefins.
    • Ethylene is a raw material for various chemicals and polymers, such as ethanol and polyethylene.
    • It is easily produced from any hydrocarbon source through steam cracking.
    • Molecular weight of ethylene is 28.05 g/mol.
    • Density of ethylene gas is 1.178 kg/m³ at 15 °C.
    • Melting point of ethylene is -169.2 °C or 104.0 K.
    • Boiling point of ethylene is -103.7 °C or 169.5 K.

    Major Chemicals and Polymers from Ethylene

    • Ethylene can be converted into various chemicals and polymers through various chemical reactions.
    • A diagram illustrates these transformations, showing different reactions for different chemicals.

    Ethylene Oxide

    • Ethylene oxide is a key product derived from ethylene.
    • It is a precursor for many important chemicals, including ethylene glycol, ethanolamines, and polyesters.
    • Ethylene oxide is produced through the controlled oxidation of ethylene, using either oxygen or air over a silver catalyst.
    • The reaction is exothermic, and heat control is important.
    • The reaction occurs at 200–300°C, with a short residence time (one second).
    • The chemical equation for the production of ethylene oxide is: CH2=CH2 + ½O2 → CH2-CH2 (Ethylene oxide) (ΔH = –147 kJ/mol)

    Acetaldehyde

    • Acetaldehyde is another important chemical derived from ethylene.
    • Acetaldehyde is a colorless liquid with a pungent odor.
    • It has no direct use except for the synthesis of other compounds. It's a raw material used in the production of acetic acid.
    • Acetaldehyde can be produced by several methods:
    • Old technique: Oxidation or chromium-activated copper catalyzed dehydrogenation of ethanol, typically at temperatures of 500°C (oxidation) or 250°C (dehydrogenation).
    • New technique (Wacker process): Oxidation of ethylene using a homogeneous catalyst (Palladium(II) chloride, copper(II) chloride) at 130°C.
    • The overall reaction for acetaldehyde production from ethylene is exothermic: CH2=CH2 + ½O2 → CH3CHO (Acetaldehyde) (ΔH = –218.6 kJ/mol)

    Acetaldehyde Production (Wacker Process)

    • The Wacker process uses an aqueous system of palladium(II) chloride and copper(II) chloride.
    • Palladium(II) ions (Pd2+) are reduced to palladium metal (Pd°), and ethylene is oxidized to acetaldehyde.
    • Palladium metal (Pd°) is re-oxidized by action of copper(II) ions, which are reduced to copper(I) ions.
    • The reduced copper(I) ions are re-oxidized to copper(II) ions by reaction with oxygen and HCl.

    Acetaldehyde Production (Process Details)

    • Acetaldehyde production can occur in a single- or two-stage process.
    • Single-stage: Ethylene, oxygen, and recycled gas are fed into a vertical reactor with catalyst solution; heat control by boiling water, at approximately 130°C and 3 atmospheres.
    • Two-stage: Higher pressure (approximately 8 atmospheres) , to ensure higher ethylene conversion, with a reaction temperature of approximately 130°C.
    • Acetaldehyde yield is typically 95%.

    Conclusion: Ethylene's Importance

    • Ethylene is a crucial raw material for various chemicals and polymers.
    • It is often referred to as the "king of petrochemicals" due to its importance in the chemical industry.
    • Continuous improvements in ethylene manufacturing are essential to increase the production of other petrochemicals derived from it.

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    Related Documents

    Industrial Chemistry 1: Chapter 3 - Chemicals Based on Ethylene PDF

    Description

    Explore the fundamental properties and applications of ethylene in this quiz based on Chapter 3 of Industrial Chemistry 1. Learn about its structure, reactivity, and its significance as a raw material for various chemicals and polymers. Test your knowledge on its physical properties and production methods.

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