27 Questions
What happens when there is not enough oxygen available during muscle contraction?
Increased lactic acid production
What effect does the increase in lactic acid have at the end of exercise?
High lactic acid levels
What does the graph show about the rate of respiration initially?
Increases and then levels off
What is the significance of supplies of more oxygen during muscle contraction?
Enhanced respiration rates
How does the increased release of energy during muscle contraction impact muscle function?
Enhances muscle contraction
What is decreased by 60% in the given treatment?
Amount of dead pathogens
Which of the following is true about antibiotics based on the text?
Antibiotics are always used to completion
What is one reason antibiotics may not kill certain bacteria?
Bacteria are resistant
Which disease type is mentioned as not caused by bacteria or treatable with antibiotics?
'Lifestyle' diseases
At what temperature do pathogens grow faster?
$12^ ext{o}C$
What temperature is most suitable for growing bacteria in industrial conditions?
40 °C
What is the advantage of using a higher temperature for growing bacteria?
Increased enzyme activity
What does 'anaerobic' mean in the context of lactic acid production during respiration?
Without oxygen
Based on Figure 1, how can you tell that the athlete respired anaerobically during the run?
Increase in lactic acid concentration
For how many minutes did the athlete run based on the data provided?
60 minutes
What is the purpose of the MMR vaccine?
Protect against viral infections
At what ages are MMR vaccinations typically given?
1 year and 4 years
How effective are the MMR vaccinations in protecting against measles?
90% effective
What type of disease is measles?
Viral infection
Apart from measles, which two diseases does the MMR vaccine protect against?
Mumps and Rubella
Why is a change in blood flow to an athlete's muscles important for running?
To improve muscle performance
What is the effect of salt concentration on the percentage of open stomata?
The percentage of open stomata decreases as salt concentration increases.
What is the correct range of mean salt concentration in guard cells?
0.3 - 0.4 mol/dm^3
If the answer to a calculation involving π × 0.18752 is 36, how many marks would be scored?
3 marks
What effect do potassium ions have on the solution inside guard cells?
They decrease the concentration of the solution.
How does water enter the guard cell?
By osmosis
Why does a guard cell swell unevenly leading to stoma opening?
As the inner wall is less flexible than the outer wall
Test your knowledge on the most suitable temperature for growing bacteria in industrial conditions and the advantages of using that temperature. Identify the correct temperature options and understand its significance.
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