Podcast
Questions and Answers
What was a major characteristic of the Early Harappan phase of the Indus Valley Civilization?
What was a major characteristic of the Early Harappan phase of the Indus Valley Civilization?
Which site is known as the largest site of the Indus Valley Civilization?
Which site is known as the largest site of the Indus Valley Civilization?
Which phase of the Harappan culture saw a standardized repertoire of pottery designs?
Which phase of the Harappan culture saw a standardized repertoire of pottery designs?
What key feature is associated with the site of Lothal?
What key feature is associated with the site of Lothal?
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Which geographical area was NOT part of the core areas of the Indus Valley Civilization?
Which geographical area was NOT part of the core areas of the Indus Valley Civilization?
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What was a defining feature of the Mature Harappan phase?
What was a defining feature of the Mature Harappan phase?
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Which of the following sites is situated on the Indus river?
Which of the following sites is situated on the Indus river?
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What decline was observed during the Late Harappan phase?
What decline was observed during the Late Harappan phase?
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What unique feature did Dholavira and Lothal share?
What unique feature did Dholavira and Lothal share?
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Which symbol is featured prominently in artifacts from Mohenjo-daro?
Which symbol is featured prominently in artifacts from Mohenjo-daro?
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Study Notes
Introduction
- The Indus Valley Civilization, also known as the Harappan Culture, emerged gradually in India and Pakistan, beginning with Neolithic villages around 7000 BCE.
- This civilization represents the first phase of urbanization in India.
Harappan Culture Phases
- The Harappan culture is divided into three phases:
- Early Harappan (3300-2600 BCE), also known as Regionalization Phase.
- Transitional Phase (2600-1800 BCE).
- Mature Harappan (2600-1800 BCE), also known as Integration Phase.
- Late Harappan (1800-1300 BCE), also known as Localisation Phase.
Features of Each Phase
- Early Harappan/Regionalization Phase: Fortification, early trade networks, and emerging craft specialization were characteristics.
- Transitional Phase (Mature Harappan/Integration Phase): Strong craft specialization, irrigation, organized pottery design, full-scale urbanization, and a system of writing emerged.
- Late Harappan/Localisation Phase: Decline, abandonment of some sites, and the rise of pastoral modes.
Geographical Extent
- North: Shortugai (Afghanistan)
- East: Alamgirpur (Uttar Pradesh, India)
- West: Sutkagendor (Pakistan-Iran border)
- South: Daimabad (Maharashtra, India)
Important Sites and Features
- Harappa (Punjab, Pakistan, Ravi River): First archaeological site discovered, granaries (two rows of six), male torso (red sandstone), lingam and yoni symbols, mother goddess figurines, and dice.
- Mohenjo-daro (Sindh, Pakistan, Indus River): Largest site, post-cremation burials, granaries, the Great Bath (largest structure), seals with Pashupati and mother goddesses, bronze dancing girl statue, and bronze buffalo figurines.
- Chanhu-daro (Sindh, Pakistan, Indus River): Exclusively for craft production (bead-making, shell-cutting etc.), bronze toy cart, and bullock cart models.
- Lothal (Gujarat, India, confluence of Bhogava and Sabarmati rivers): Significant port and dockyard, Granaries, double male/female burials, and a water-harvesting system.
- Dholavira (Gujarat, India, Luni River): UNESCO World Heritage Site, unique water harvesting and drainage systems, megalithic stone circles, and a fortified settlement divided into three parts.
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Description
Explore the fascinating evolution of the Indus Valley Civilization, also known as the Harappan Culture, from its Neolithic roots to its urbanized phases. This quiz covers the key features and timelines of the Early, Transitional, Mature, and Late Harappan phases. Test your knowledge of this ancient civilization's development and significance.
