10 Questions
According to APA style, how should you refer to works with three or more authors in parenthetical citations?
Use 'et al.' after the first author's name
How should you separate the names of two authors in parenthetical citations according to APA style?
Use an ampersand (&)
Which of the following formats is used for online articles with one author according to APA style?
Author's last name, Initial(s). (Year)
In narrative citations according to APA style, when should you use 'and' instead of '&' between authors' names?
Always use 'and' in narrative citations
According to APA referencing rules, how should you prepare the reference list for a paper?
List references alphabetically
What should you do when citing a work with two authors in narrative form according to APA style?
Spell out 'and' between the names
When citing a work with two authors in a parenthetical citation in APA style, what symbol should be used between the names?
&
What is the correct order of names when citing a work with multiple authors in APA style?
'et al.' followed by the first author's last name
When preparing a reference list in APA style, what heading should be used?
'Reference List'
What is the correct way to cite University graduates have more employment opportunities based on Davis and Barry's work (2010) in a narrative form according to APA style?
Davis and Barry (2010) argue that...
Study Notes
Experimental Design
- A control group is a group that does not receive the experimental procedure or test sample, acting as a baseline for comparison.
- In an experiment, the independent variable is the factor changed or controlled by the researcher, the dependent variable is the factor measured to determine the effect of the independent variable, and the extraneous variable is the factor that affects the dependent variable but is not controlled by the researcher.
Hypothesis
- A hypothesis is a claim involving the relationship between things that can be tested to verify or dismiss through experimentation.
- A hypothesis is a specific type of research question that is not a question but a statement or assertion about relationships between two or more concepts.
Generalizability
- Generalizability refers to the ability to apply research conclusions based on a sample group to the population.
- It involves making a generalization from a limited study to a broader population.
Research Approaches
- Inductive research aims to develop a theory by gaining data, while deductive research aims to test an existing theory against data gained through research.
APA Referencing
- In APA style, paraphrasing can be done using a signal phrase or a parenthetical note.
- A signal phrase includes the author's name and an appropriate verb in the sentence, while a parenthetical note provides the author's surname, year of publication, and page number in parentheses.
- Direct quotes in APA style require double quotation marks and the page number, signified by the letter "p."
- When citing multiple authors in APA style, include all author names for one or two authors, and only the first author's name plus "et al." for three or more authors.
- Use an ampersand (&) between names in parenthetical citations, and the word "and" in narrative citations.
- A reference list in APA style is written on a separate page, listed in alphabetical order, and uses the heading "Reference List" or "References."
Test your knowledge on the main differences between inductive and deductive research, as well as the APA referencing styles for 'paraphrasing'. Learn about developing theories from data in inductive research and testing existing theories in deductive research, along with the two forms of references for paraphrasing in APA style.
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