Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following best differentiates a deductive argument from an inductive argument?
Which of the following best differentiates a deductive argument from an inductive argument?
- Inductive arguments do not involve premises.
- An inductive argument offers a probability that its conclusion is true. (correct)
- A deductive argument guarantees its conclusion based on premises. (correct)
- A deductive argument is based on estimates.
An inductive/enumerative generalization moves from something we know about a larger group to a claim about a smaller group.
An inductive/enumerative generalization moves from something we know about a larger group to a claim about a smaller group.
False (B)
Unlike deductive 'validity', inductive 'strength' admits of degrees.
Unlike deductive 'validity', inductive 'strength' admits of degrees.
True (A)
A biased sample is best described by which of the following?
A biased sample is best described by which of the following?
Which of the following sentences concerning the strength of inductive generalizations is most accurate?
Which of the following sentences concerning the strength of inductive generalizations is most accurate?
What is a hasty generalization?
What is a hasty generalization?
An appeal to anecdotal evidence is a form of which of these fallacies?
An appeal to anecdotal evidence is a form of which of these fallacies?
The same criteria used to evaluate inductive generalizations can also be used to evaluate analogies.
The same criteria used to evaluate inductive generalizations can also be used to evaluate analogies.
Which of the following best characterizes the difference between an inductive generalization and an analogy?
Which of the following best characterizes the difference between an inductive generalization and an analogy?
Which of the following best describes why a biased generalization is a fallacy?
Which of the following best describes why a biased generalization is a fallacy?
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Study Notes
Inductive Arguments Overview
- Deductive arguments guarantee the truth of their conclusions based on true premises, while inductive arguments provide a probable conclusion based on premises.
- Inductive/enumerative generalization claims about a smaller group based on what is known about a larger group—incorrectly suggested in one context described.
Inductive Argument Characteristics
- Inductive arguments have "strength" that can vary, unlike deductive arguments with fixed "validity."
- A biased sample fails to represent the target population accurately, impacting the reliability of inductive reasoning.
- Larger sample sizes enhance the strength of inductive generalizations, improving inference reliability.
Common Fallacies in Inductive Reasoning
- Hasty generalization arises when conclusions are drawn from an insufficiently small sample.
- An appeal to anecdotal evidence exemplifies a hasty generalization fallacy.
Evaluation of Inductive Reasoning
- The same criteria used for evaluating inductive generalizations apply to assessing analogies.
- Inductive generalization involves drawing conclusions about an entire class from a sample, while analogy involves comparisons between members of different groups.
Bias in Generalizations
- Biased generalizations are considered fallacies because the samples used do not represent the larger target population, undermining the argument's validity.
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