Indonesian and Filipino Music Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Who was responsible for the first recording of "Indonesia Raya"?

  • Wage Rudolf Supratman
  • Jos Cleber (correct)
  • Addie M.S.
  • Soekarno

    • What is the significance of "Indonesia Raya's" bridge or pre-chorus, according to the text?

  • It was composed by Soekarno.
  • It provides a softer, more textured contrast compared to the rest of the anthem. (correct)
  • It highlights the use of all instruments.
  • It reflects the full force of the anthem's emotional impact.

    • What does the text suggest is unique about the Indonesian national anthem from the perspective of Addie M.S.?

  • Its incorporation of Western musical influences.
  • Its use of traditional instruments.
  • Its directness and impact. (correct)
  • Its historical significance.

    • What historical event is mentioned in relation to the adoption of "Indonesia Raya" as the national anthem of Indonesia?

    <p>The Proclamation of Indonesian Independence. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text as a factor influencing Filipino music?

    <p>The impact of traditional Chinese music (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of Filipino music discussed in the text?

    <p>Its strong nationalistic themes and cultural identity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Kundiman art song characterized by?

    <p>Smooth flowing lines and beautiful melodies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the underlying desire of Filipinos as expressed in their music?

    <p>A yearning for independence and freedom from oppression. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a key aspect discussed in the text regarding both Indonesian and Filipino music and their respective cultures?

    <p>The presence of strong religious themes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the "Filipinism" movement?

    <p>A cultural movement aimed at promoting Filipino identity and nationalism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which composer is known for continuing the nationalist tradition in music?

    <p>Lucio San Pedro (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable rendition of the song "Bayan Ko"?

    <p>A version by Freddie Aguilar that features the instrumental section of &quot;Pilipinas Kong Mahal&quot; (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Kundiman art song in the context of Filipino history?

    <p>It is an expression of the Filipino people's commitment to their country (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical meter of the Kundiman art song?

    <p>Triple meter (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Kundiman art song's musical style characterized by?

    <p>A slow tempo and an emphasis on lyrical melodies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Kundiman art song reflect the Filipino spirit?

    <p>Through its expression of love, heroism, and melancholy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the meaning of 'Kundiman' in the context provided?

    <p>A type of love song often interpreted as patriotic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event marked the beginning of the post-war period in the Philippines, according to the content provided?

    <p>The country gaining full independence from American colonizers in 1946 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Philippine National Anthem?

    <p>To foster a sense of national unity and patriotism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT mentioned as a provision of the 'Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines' concerning the national anthem?

    <p>The anthem must be played at all public gatherings (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of 'Filipinas' in relation to the Philippine National Anthem?

    <p>It was the title of the original Spanish poem used for the anthem's lyrics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When did the Philippine National Anthem undergo its last revision?

    <p>1962 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary point of difference between the Philippine National Anthem's music and lyrics?

    <p>The music is original while the lyrics were adapted from a poem (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text suggest about the development of the Philippine National Anthem?

    <p>It was a gradual process, evolving over several years with revisions and updates (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is credited with writing the lyrics for the popular Tagalog version of "Bayan Ko"?

    <p>José Corazón de Jesús (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the original purpose of "Bayan Ko" in the Spanish zarzuela, "Walang Sugat"?

    <p>To express opposition to American occupation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role did the Kundiman play in the context of colonialism and national identity?

    <p>It served as a symbol of unity and resistance against colonial rule (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following events is mentioned as a time when "Bayan Ko" was performed to convey a desire for freedom?

    <p>The Japanese occupation of the Philippines (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Francisco Santiago's "Kundiman, (Anak Dalita)" ?

    <p>It is considered the first Kundiman art song. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are Kundimans described as having a "secret battle cry"?

    <p>They expressed strong anti-colonialist sentiments under the guise of love songs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event is NOT mentioned in the text as a period when "Bayan Ko" was performed?

    <p>The Philippine Revolution against Spain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main idea of the passage?

    <p>The role of music in the Filipino struggle for independence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the song that Antonino Buenaventura composed that used nationalist themes?

    <p>Mindanao Sketches (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Francisco Santiago contribute to the development of Filipino music?

    <p>He created a new genre of music inspired by traditional Filipino folk songs. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following composers did NOT use indigenous themes in their compositions?

    <p>Francisco Santiago (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the teacher establish the 2/4 time signature in Level 2 of the singing activity?

    <p>By tapping a ruler on the desk and clapping their hands. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where did the world premiere of Mindanao Sketches take place?

    <p>Honolulu, Hawaii (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of orchestral piece is Mindanao Sketches?

    <p>A suite (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the American period in Filipino music?

    <p>Filipino composers began experimenting with European music styles. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the singing activity in this lesson?

    <p>To introduce students to the concept of rhythmic patterns. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Lupang Hinirang

    The national anthem of the Philippines, sung acapella with specific gestures.

    2/4 time signature

    A musical meter with two beats per measure, often associated with lively music.

    Francisco Santiago

    Known as the 'father of nationalism in music' in the Philippines, transformed kundiman into art song.

    Kundiman

    A traditional Filipino song that expresses love and patriotism, turned into art songs by composers.

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    Antonino Buenaventura

    A Filipino composer known for incorporating nationalist themes in works like 'Pandanggo sa Ilaw'.

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    Mindanao Sketches

    A musical piece composed by Antonino Buenaventura based on Manobo rhythms and themes.

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    Philippine national anthem

    A song expressing the patriotism of the Filipinos, symbolizing national identity.

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    Manobo tribe

    An indigenous group in the Philippines whose cultural elements inspired certain musical compositions.

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    Post-war Nationalism

    Ideology prioritizing loyalty to the nation-state over individual interests, especially seen in the Philippines and Indonesia post-1946.

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    R.A. 8491

    The Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines, regulating the rendition of the national anthem and symbols.

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    Marcha Nacional Filipina

    The original title of the Philippine national anthem composed by Julián Felipe.

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    Jose Palma

    The author of the poem 'Filipinas', which provided the lyrics for the national anthem.

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    1962 Revision

    The last major change made to the lyrics and arrangement of the Philippine national anthem.

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    Public Singing of Anthem

    Requirement for attendees at public gatherings to stand and sing the national anthem facing the flag as a sign of respect.

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    Indonesia Raya

    National anthem of Indonesia, composed by Wage Rudolf Supratman in 1928.

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    Soekarno's Contribution

    Indonesia's founding president involved in the musical arrangement of Indonesia Raya.

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    Historical Context

    Understanding Indonesia Raya requires knowledge of Indonesia's colonial past and independence.

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    Philippine Music Influence

    Filipino music reflects a blend of indigenous culture and foreign influences from Spanish and American colonizers.

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    National Identity

    The music in the Philippines expresses values of patriotism and identity among Filipinos.

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    Cultural Heritage

    Filipino music is a rich blend of traditions, showcasing the country’s diverse cultural influences.

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    Addie M.S. Views

    Composer Addie Muljadi Sumaatmadja finds Indonesia Raya memorable for its directness in expression.

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    Independence Themes

    Music serves as a powerful medium for expressing desires for freedom and independence in Filipino culture.

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    Kundiman Art Song

    A Filipino song blending folk and European music, expressing love and heroism.

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    Filipinism

    A 1930s cultural movement promoting Filipino nationalism and identity.

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    Felipe De Leon

    A composer who continued the nationalist tradition using folk song materials.

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    Bayan Ko

    A patriotic song with various famous renditions reflecting Filipino struggle.

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    Pilipinas Kong Mahal

    A Filipino patriotic song that's incorporated in renditions of Bayan Ko.

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    Antonio Molina

    A composer known for using Filipino folk themes in his nationalist music.

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    Moderately Slow Triple Meter

    A musical rhythm used in kundiman, characterized by soft, lyrical phrasing.

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    Jocelynang Baliwag

    A kundiman that embodies Filipino devotion and patriotism.

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    Constancio de Guzmán

    Composer of the music for the song Bayan Ko.

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    José Corazón de Jesús

    Lyricist for the Tagalog version of Bayan Ko and contributor to Kundiman.

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    Cultural Reawakening

    The process of reviving national identity through music and arts.

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    Anti-Colonial Sentiment

    Opposition to foreign rule expressed through cultural works like Kundiman.

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    Guerilla Codes in Lyrics

    Secret messages embedded in Kundiman songs for resistance movements.

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    Study Notes

    Learning Objectives

    • Students should be able to discuss post-war nationalism in the Philippines and Indonesia related to their performing arts.
    • Students should be able to explain similarities and differences in nationalistic music and visual arts in the Philippines and Indonesia.

    Kundiman

    • A classic form of Filipino love song.
    • Colonialist forces perceived it as a love song, yet it was actually a song expressing love of country.

    Nationalism

    • Based on the premise that individual loyalty and devotion to the nation-state surpass individual or group interests.

    Post-War Philippines

    • The post-war period in the Philippines began in 1946 with the country's independence from American colonizers and lasted until the 1970s.

    Philippine National Anthem (Lupang Hinirang)

    • Also known as Marcha Nacional Filipina.
    • Composed by Julián Felipe in 1898.
    • Lyrics adapted from the Spanish poem "Filipinas" written by José Palma in 1899.
    • Underwent a final revision in 1962.
    • Sung with pride, dignity, utmost respect, and allegiance to the country.
    • The singing and playing are governed by R.A. 8491 (Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines), Section 37.
    • The musical arrangement and composition of Julian Felipe are to be adhered to (Filipinas Heritage Library, 2018).
    • Public must stand at attention facing the Philippine flag while singing.

    Development of the Philippine National Anthem

    • Took several years.
    • Began in 1898 with Julian Felipe's composition.
    • The title was Marcha Nacional Filipina.
    • Jose Palma's poem Filipinas was used for lyrics which were later translated into English (in the 1920s) and then into Filipino (in 1956).
    • The final publicly sung version was revised in 1962.

    Lesson Activity (B1 Sing-It)

    • The teacher leads the class in singing Lupang Hinirang in acapella, standing upright, with the right palm near the heart.
    • Level 2: Singing with a 2/4 time signature using the teacher's desk as a tap for downbeat and clapping for upbeat.
    • Students use body movement to establish rhythmic pattern.

    Lesson Activity (B2)

    • After the American and Japanese regimes, Filipino composers continued experimenting with European styles.
    • Nationalistic Filipino composers incorporated ethnic elements into their works.
    • Francisco Santiago is considered the "father of nationalism in music" and transformed the kundiman from folk song to art song, requiring advanced vocal technique and musical maturity, often performed on concert stages.

    Worked Example (1930s-1940s)

    • Composers like Antonino Buenaventura used nationalist themes in their compositions, example: Pandanggo sa llaw and Mindanao Sketches which drew on indigenous themes like Manobo.
    • Other composers like Juan Hernandez (Mga Katutubong Tanawin) and Lucio San Pedro (Malakas at Maganda Overture) also incorporated indigenous themes.

    Lesson Activity (Activity 4: Tune In)

    • The teacher plays Antonino R. Buenaventura's Mindanao Sketches from 1947, performed by the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra (British Symphony Orchestra) conducted by Redentor Romero in London.

    Indonesia National Anthem (Indonesia Raya)

    • Written by Wage Rudolf Supratman in 1928.
    • First recorded in 1950.
    • Performed by the Dutch composer Jos Cleber and the resident symphony orchestra of Republic of Indonesia Radio (RRI).
    • Officially adopted and used by Indonesian govt & RRI for almost 50 years. (Agato, 2021)
    • Adopted by Indonesia on August 17, 1945, during the declaration of Independence.

    Discussion (General Observations)

    • Indonesian anthem ('Indonesia Raya') is optimistic.
    • Soekarno, Indonesia's founding president, influenced the musical arrangement, seeking a calmer and more textured bridge between intro and chorus.
    • Addie MS (Muljadi Sumaatmadja) regards the anthem as direct and memorable to Indonesian listeners.

    Music: Bayan Ko

    • Music by Constancio de Guzmán. Lyrics by Jose Corazón de Jesús (Huseng Batute).
    • Performed by Arturo Navera (Baritone) and Julie Mendoza (Piano).
    • The 1929 Tagalog version of the song is mainly used attributed to José Corazón de Jesús and music to Constancio de Guzmán

    Discussion (Philippines)

    • Bayan Ko as a Kundiman is about the Filipino struggle for independence during the American and Japanese occupation (includes protest songs during Marcos' rule).
    • Philippine struggle for freedom has long history with the Spanish colonization as a starting point (16th century).
    • The Filipinos were the first Asian people to resist Western colonialism in Asia (1898).
    • Kundiman, initially love songs, evolved to be an instrument used in expressions of patriotism. - The songs used strong anti-colonial sentiments
    • Filipino composers utilized indigenous music as basis for instrumental songs.
    • The discussion covers a wide range of topics on Indonesian & Philippine music, including various composers, their methods of expressing nationalist themes, cultural contexts, and musical aspects.

    Lesson Activity

    • Francisco Santiago ("Father of Kundiman Art") is recognized for his Concerto in B-flat minor for pianoforte and orchestra.
    • His song "Kundiman (Anak Dalita)" is categorized as the first Kundiman art song.
    • Kundiman is characterized by smooth lines and beautiful melodies

    Overall Discussion, 1930s, and beyond

    • A massive cultural movement of "Filipinism" emerged during the 1930s, advocating Filipino nationalism and opposing the cultural integration imposed by the USA.
    • Composers like Felipe De Leon, Lucio San Pedro, Antonio Molina, Francisco Santiago, and Nicanor Abelardo were affected by this movement.
    • They adapted and reused existing Filipino folk songs as a thematic & stylistic anchor within their compositions.
    • These composers’ works and publications highlight the integral role of music in expressing Filipino nationalism.

    Bayan Co renditions

    • Famous renditions include those by Lucio San Pedro, Asin, and Freddie Aguilar (includes instrumental sections drawing on a different, related patriotic song).

    General Discussion (History and themes)

    • Filipino desire for freedom, dignity, and identity has been prominent in their history since the 16th-century Spanish colonization.
    • The struggle has manifested through their nationalistic music, songs, and cultural movements.

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