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Questions and Answers
In indirect speech, the words of the speaker are not enclosed in ______ or quotation marks.
In indirect speech, the words of the speaker are not enclosed in ______ or quotation marks.
inverted commas
The conjunction '______' is commonly used to connect the reporting verb and reported speech in indirect speech.
The conjunction '______' is commonly used to connect the reporting verb and reported speech in indirect speech.
that
When converting direct speech to indirect speech, a change is typically made in the ______ of the reported speech.
When converting direct speech to indirect speech, a change is typically made in the ______ of the reported speech.
tense
The ______ of reported speech may change according to the subject or object of the reporting verb when converting to indirect speech.
The ______ of reported speech may change according to the subject or object of the reporting verb when converting to indirect speech.
In indirect speech, if time is mentioned in the direct speech, it often undergoes a change, such as 'now' becoming '______'.
In indirect speech, if time is mentioned in the direct speech, it often undergoes a change, such as 'now' becoming '______'.
In converting direct speech to indirect speech, the reporting verb indicates the ______ in which someone's statement is being conveyed.
In converting direct speech to indirect speech, the reporting verb indicates the ______ in which someone's statement is being conveyed.
When transforming direct speech into indirect speech, modifications to time expressions like 'tomorrow' to 'the ______' are necessary to maintain accuracy.
When transforming direct speech into indirect speech, modifications to time expressions like 'tomorrow' to 'the ______' are necessary to maintain accuracy.
When converting direct speech to indirect speech, 'yesterday' often changes to 'the ______' to maintain temporal accuracy.
When converting direct speech to indirect speech, 'yesterday' often changes to 'the ______' to maintain temporal accuracy.
In reported speech, the future simple tense, where 'will' is used, changes into '______' when converting direct speech to indirect speech.
In reported speech, the future simple tense, where 'will' is used, changes into '______' when converting direct speech to indirect speech.
When reporting a future continuous action, such as 'I will be waiting,' the indirect speech form uses 'would be' followed by the '______' form of the verb.
When reporting a future continuous action, such as 'I will be waiting,' the indirect speech form uses 'would be' followed by the '______' form of the verb.
The future perfect tense in direct speech, which uses 'will have' followed by the past participle, transitions to '______' followed by the past participle in reported speech.
The future perfect tense in direct speech, which uses 'will have' followed by the past participle, transitions to '______' followed by the past participle in reported speech.
When converting a direct question into indirect speech, the verb 'say' or 'tell' is typically replaced with '______' or 'inquire'.
When converting a direct question into indirect speech, the verb 'say' or 'tell' is typically replaced with '______' or 'inquire'.
In transforming direct questions into indirect speech, the interrogative structure is changed to '______' form.
In transforming direct questions into indirect speech, the interrogative structure is changed to '______' form.
When reporting questions that can be answered with 'yes' or 'no', the conjunction '______' is not used, unlike in positive sentences.
When reporting questions that can be answered with 'yes' or 'no', the conjunction '______' is not used, unlike in positive sentences.
In reported speech, questions that begin with interrogative pronouns such as 'what', 'why', or 'how' require a '______' in the indirect form to convey their meaning.
In reported speech, questions that begin with interrogative pronouns such as 'what', 'why', or 'how' require a '______' in the indirect form to convey their meaning.
When converting direct speech to indirect speech, all commas and '______' are removed from the sentence.
When converting direct speech to indirect speech, all commas and '______' are removed from the sentence.
When converting direct speech to indirect speech, the pronoun 'I' changes to '______' or 'She', depending on the context of the sentence.
When converting direct speech to indirect speech, the pronoun 'I' changes to '______' or 'She', depending on the context of the sentence.
In reported speech, if the direct speech includes the word 'here', it typically changes to '______' to reflect the shift in location perspective from the original speaker to the reporter.
In reported speech, if the direct speech includes the word 'here', it typically changes to '______' to reflect the shift in location perspective from the original speaker to the reporter.
When transforming direct speech into indirect speech, 'today' becomes '______', indicating a temporal shift from the speaker's present to a past reference point in the reported statement.
When transforming direct speech into indirect speech, 'today' becomes '______', indicating a temporal shift from the speaker's present to a past reference point in the reported statement.
In converting direct speech to indirect speech, a statement in the Present Perfect Tense transitions into the '______'.
In converting direct speech to indirect speech, a statement in the Present Perfect Tense transitions into the '______'.
When switching from direct to indirect narration, the Past Simple Tense evolves into the '______' to precisely illustrate the sequence of actions.
When switching from direct to indirect narration, the Past Simple Tense evolves into the '______' to precisely illustrate the sequence of actions.
When converting direct speech to indirect speech, the Future Simple Tense, often indicated by 'will', changes to '______'.
When converting direct speech to indirect speech, the Future Simple Tense, often indicated by 'will', changes to '______'.
In the transformation from direct to indirect speech, the expression 'next week' is altered to '______'.
In the transformation from direct to indirect speech, the expression 'next week' is altered to '______'.
When changing direct speech to indirect speech, 'This morning' generally changes to '______', reflecting the shift in temporal perspective.
When changing direct speech to indirect speech, 'This morning' generally changes to '______', reflecting the shift in temporal perspective.
In reported speech, direct speech in the present perfect progressive tense changes into ______ perfect progressive tense.
In reported speech, direct speech in the present perfect progressive tense changes into ______ perfect progressive tense.
When converting direct speech to reported speech, the present progressive tense shifts to the ______ progressive tense.
When converting direct speech to reported speech, the present progressive tense shifts to the ______ progressive tense.
In reported speech, a direct statement in the present perfect tense is transformed into the ______ perfect tense.
In reported speech, a direct statement in the present perfect tense is transformed into the ______ perfect tense.
When changing direct speech into reported speech, a past progressive tense becomes ______ perfect progressive.
When changing direct speech into reported speech, a past progressive tense becomes ______ perfect progressive.
A past simple tense statement in direct speech changes into ______ when converted to reported speech.
A past simple tense statement in direct speech changes into ______ when converted to reported speech.
In the context of reported speech, the tense that remains unchanged when converting from direct speech is the ______ perfect.
In the context of reported speech, the tense that remains unchanged when converting from direct speech is the ______ perfect.
In reported speech, the sentence 'They said, “We have been living in America since 2013”' becomes 'They said that they ______ been living in America since 2013'.
In reported speech, the sentence 'They said, “We have been living in America since 2013”' becomes 'They said that they ______ been living in America since 2013'.
After converting direct speech to reported speech, the sentence 'He said, “I was writing a poem”' transforms into 'He said that he ______ writing a poem'.
After converting direct speech to reported speech, the sentence 'He said, “I was writing a poem”' transforms into 'He said that he ______ writing a poem'.
In reported speech, imperative sentences conveying a command, request, advice, or suggestion use specific verbs like requested, ordered, advised, forbade, or suggested to replace the reporting verbs such as said or told and the conjunction '______' is used.
In reported speech, imperative sentences conveying a command, request, advice, or suggestion use specific verbs like requested, ordered, advised, forbade, or suggested to replace the reporting verbs such as said or told and the conjunction '______' is used.
When converting direct speech to indirect speech, present modals like can and may typically change into past modals, exemplified by 'can' transforming into '______' in sentences such as 'He said, I can sing a song' becoming 'He said that he could sing a song'.
When converting direct speech to indirect speech, present modals like can and may typically change into past modals, exemplified by 'can' transforming into '______' in sentences such as 'He said, I can sing a song' becoming 'He said that he could sing a song'.
When reporting speech, the modal verb 'may' often transforms into '______' in indirect speech, indicating a shift in possibility or permission from the original statement.
When reporting speech, the modal verb 'may' often transforms into '______' in indirect speech, indicating a shift in possibility or permission from the original statement.
Some modals, such as should, might, could, would and ought to, remain unchanged when converting from direct to '______' speech.
Some modals, such as should, might, could, would and ought to, remain unchanged when converting from direct to '______' speech.
In indirect speech, if the direct speech contains the modal verb 'must' expressing a strong obligation or necessity, it typically '______' change.
In indirect speech, if the direct speech contains the modal verb 'must' expressing a strong obligation or necessity, it typically '______' change.
In transforming direct speech into indirect speech with imperative sentences, verbs such as "said" or "told" are replaced by verbs that express a command, request, advice, or suggestion. One such verb that conveys a prohibition is '______'.
In transforming direct speech into indirect speech with imperative sentences, verbs such as "said" or "told" are replaced by verbs that express a command, request, advice, or suggestion. One such verb that conveys a prohibition is '______'.
When converting direct speech into indirect speech for imperative sentences, the reporting verb 'said' can be replaced by 'requested' to indicate a polite solicitation, connecting the reported clause with the infinitive marker '______'.
When converting direct speech into indirect speech for imperative sentences, the reporting verb 'said' can be replaced by 'requested' to indicate a polite solicitation, connecting the reported clause with the infinitive marker '______'.
In the transformation from direct to indirect speech, present modals such as 'can' are converted into their past form, '______', to reflect the change in tense and perspective.
In the transformation from direct to indirect speech, present modals such as 'can' are converted into their past form, '______', to reflect the change in tense and perspective.
When converting direct questions that cannot be answered with a simple 'yes' or 'no' into indirect speech, the question is transformed into an ______ form and placed after the reporting verb.
When converting direct questions that cannot be answered with a simple 'yes' or 'no' into indirect speech, the question is transformed into an ______ form and placed after the reporting verb.
In reported speech, for direct questions answerable by 'yes' or 'no', the words 'if' or '______' are used to introduce the reported question.
In reported speech, for direct questions answerable by 'yes' or 'no', the words 'if' or '______' are used to introduce the reported question.
In transforming direct speech into indirect speech, questions like 'What are you doing?' become 'He asked me what I ______ doing,' demonstrating a change in verb tense and structure.
In transforming direct speech into indirect speech, questions like 'What are you doing?' become 'He asked me what I ______ doing,' demonstrating a change in verb tense and structure.
Converting 'They said to me, “Where have you gone?”' into indirect speech results in 'They asked me where I ______ gone,' illustrating how past perfect tense is often used.
Converting 'They said to me, “Where have you gone?”' into indirect speech results in 'They asked me where I ______ gone,' illustrating how past perfect tense is often used.
When reporting the question 'She said, “Who was that fantastic man?”' indirectly, it becomes 'She asked me who that fantastic man ______ been,' requiring attention to verb tense and pronoun usage.
When reporting the question 'She said, “Who was that fantastic man?”' indirectly, it becomes 'She asked me who that fantastic man ______ been,' requiring attention to verb tense and pronoun usage.
Imperative sentences, which express commands, requests, advice, or suggestions, undergo a transformation in indirect speech that often involves changing the verb into an ______.
Imperative sentences, which express commands, requests, advice, or suggestions, undergo a transformation in indirect speech that often involves changing the verb into an ______.
In converting the direct question 'How will you help me?' into indirect speech, one must consider the shift in ______ to accurately reflect who is being referred to in the reported statement.
In converting the direct question 'How will you help me?' into indirect speech, one must consider the shift in ______ to accurately reflect who is being referred to in the reported statement.
When changing direct speech to indirect speech, the tense of the verb usually shifts to accommodate the change in perspective and time frame. This shift is known as the ______ of tenses.
When changing direct speech to indirect speech, the tense of the verb usually shifts to accommodate the change in perspective and time frame. This shift is known as the ______ of tenses.
Flashcards
Indirect Speech: Quotation Marks
Indirect Speech: Quotation Marks
Words spoken are presented without quotation marks.
Indirect Speech: "That"
Indirect Speech: "That"
It joins the reporting verb and reported speech.
Indirect Speech: Tense
Indirect Speech: Tense
Tense changes when converting direct to indirect speech.
Indirect Speech: Pronoun Change
Indirect Speech: Pronoun Change
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Indirect Speech: Time Change
Indirect Speech: Time Change
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Direct to Indirect: Example
Direct to Indirect: Example
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Direct to Indirect: Time Example
Direct to Indirect: Time Example
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Indirect Speech: Tense Shift
Indirect Speech: Tense Shift
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Pronoun change: 'I'
Pronoun change: 'I'
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Pronoun change: 'We'
Pronoun change: 'We'
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Place change: 'Here'
Place change: 'Here'
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Time change: 'Today'
Time change: 'Today'
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Tense shift: Simple Present
Tense shift: Simple Present
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Tense shift: Present Progressive
Tense shift: Present Progressive
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Tense shift: Present Perfect
Tense shift: Present Perfect
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Tense shift: Past Simple
Tense shift: Past Simple
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PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
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PRESENT PERFECT
PRESENT PERFECT
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PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
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PAST SIMPLE
PAST SIMPLE
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PAST PROGRESSIVE
PAST PROGRESSIVE
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PAST PERFECT
PAST PERFECT
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Direct Speech
Direct Speech
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Reported Speech
Reported Speech
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Future Simple: will → ?
Future Simple: will → ?
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Future Continuous: will be → ?
Future Continuous: will be → ?
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Future Perfect: will have → ?
Future Perfect: will have → ?
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Reported Speech: Question Sentences
Reported Speech: Question Sentences
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Reported Speech: Punctuation
Reported Speech: Punctuation
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Reported Speech: Conjunction 'That'
Reported Speech: Conjunction 'That'
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Reported Speech: Question to Statement
Reported Speech: Question to Statement
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Reported Speech: Verbs
Reported Speech: Verbs
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Yes/No Question
Yes/No Question
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Reporting Yes/No Questions
Reporting Yes/No Questions
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Open-Ended Question
Open-Ended Question
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Reporting Open-Ended Questions
Reporting Open-Ended Questions
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Assertive Form in Indirect Speech
Assertive Form in Indirect Speech
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Imperative Sentence
Imperative Sentence
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Question to Statement
Question to Statement
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Reporting Verb Replacements
Reporting Verb Replacements
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Imperative Sentence Conjunction
Imperative Sentence Conjunction
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Modal Verb Changes
Modal Verb Changes
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Unchanged modals
Unchanged modals
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Indirect Request Example
Indirect Request Example
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Indirect Advice example
Indirect Advice example
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'Can' to 'Could' example
'Can' to 'Could' example
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Study Notes
- Direct and Indirect Speech rules are covered
- Study notes on English Grammar
Basic Rules for Indirect Speech
- Words of the speaker (reported speech) aren't in inverted commas/quotation marks in indirect speech.
- The conjunction "that" follows the reporting verb and precedes the reported speech.
- Example: Direct: "I write a letter." Indirect: He said that he wrote a letter.
- In reported speech, tense is modified when changing direct speech to indirect speech.
- Example: Direct: "I am watching a movie." Indirect: She said that she was watching a movie.
- Pronouns in reported speech sometimes change according to the subject/object of the reporting verb.
- Possessive pronouns (his, her, my, their, your, etc.) may also change based on the subject/object.
- Direct: "I eat two apples." Indirect: He said that he ate two apples.
- Time references change in indirect speech such as now becomes then, today becomes that day, yesterday becomes the previous day.
- Direct: "I am buying a laptop today." Indirect: She said that she was buying a laptop that day.
Pronoun Changes
- I changes to He/She
- We changes to They
- My changes to His/Her
- Your changes to My
- Our changes to Their
- Me changes to Him/Her
- Us changes to Them
Place and time changes
- Here changes to There
- Today changes to That day
- Now changes to Then
- This changes to That
- These changes to Those
- Thus changes to So
- This morning changes to That morning
- Yesterday changes to The day before
- Tomorrow changes to The next day
- Next week changes to The following week
- Next month changes to The following month
Tense Changes
- Present Simple changes to Past Simple
- Present Progressive changes to Past Progressive
- Present Perfect changes to Past Perfect
- Present Perfect Progressive changes to Past Perfect Progressive
- Past Simple changes to Past Perfect
- Past Progressive changes to Perfect Continuous
- Past Perfect Tense remains unchanged
- Past Perfect Progressive Tense remains unchanged
- Future Simple Tense (will) changes to “would”
- Future Progressive Tense changes to “would be"
- Future Perfect Tense (will have) changes to "would have"
- Future Perfect Progressive Tense (will have been) changes to “would have been"
Rules for Affirmative/Positive Sentences
- Focuses on present and past tenses
- Also covers future tenses with ‘will’
- Present Simple changes to Past Simple: Example: "I work in a hospital" to She said that she worked in a hospital.
- Present Progressive changes to Past Progressive: Example: "I am waiting for someone" to He said that he was waiting for someone.
- Present Perfect changes to Past Perfect: Example: "I have completed the work" to She said that she had completed the work.
- Present Perfect Progressive changes to Past Perfect Progressive: Example: “I have been working in a factory for two years" to She said that she had been working in a factory for two years.
- Past Simple changes to Past Perfect: Example: "I started a Job" to He said that he had started a job.
- Past Progressive changes to Past Perfect Progressive: Example: “I was writing a poem" to He said that he had been writing a poem.
- Past Perfect remains unchanged such as "We had won the game" does not change in the indirect form -Future Simple Tense changes to WOULD such as "I will go to London” becomes She said that she would go to London".
- Future Continuous Tense changes to WOULD BE such as "I will be waiting for you" becomes He said to me that he would be waiting for me
- Future Perfect Tense changes to WOULD HAVE such as "I will have cooked the food" becomes She said that she would have cooked the food.
Rules for Interrogative/Question Sentences
- Commas and inverted commas are removed.
- The conjunction "that" is not used.
- The question transforms into an assertive (positive) form.
- Question marks aren't used.
- Verbs like 'say' or 'tell' replaced by 'ask' or 'inquire'.
- Questions answered with "YES" or "NO" use "if" or "whether".
- Direct: “Do you like coffee?" Indirect: David asked me if I liked coffee.
- Questions needing detailed answers don't use "if" or "whether".
- The question is changed into assertive(positive) form and follows the reporting verb.
- Direct: "What are you doing?" Indirect: He asked me what I was doing.
Imperative Sentences in Indirect Speech
- Expresses a command, request, advice, or suggestion
- Verbs (said, told) are replaced with requested, ordered, advised, etc.
- The conjunction "to" is used.
- Direct: "Please help me". Indirect: She requested me to help her.
Modals in Indirect Speech
- Present Modals (Must, Can, May) change into Past Modals (Could, Might, Had to).
- CAN changes into COULD, MAY changes into MIGHT
- MUST does not change.
- Modals like Should, Might, Could, Would and Ought remain unchanged.
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