25 Questions
What is the indirect hemagglutination test result in patients with invasive disease?
Usually positive
What is the indirect hemagglutination test result in asymptomatic individuals passing cysts?
Usually negative
What is the relationship between the indirect hemagglutination test and invasive disease?
The test is usually positive in invasive disease
What is the relationship between the indirect hemagglutination test and asymptomatic individuals passing cysts?
The test is usually negative in asymptomatic individuals
What can be inferred about the indirect hemagglutination test?
It is usually accurate in patients with invasive disease
What is the effect of trophozoites invading the colonic epithelium?
Causing localized necrosis
What kind of response occurs at the site of trophozoite invasion?
Little inflammation
What do trophozoites secrete that causes localized necrosis?
Proteolytic enzymes
Where do trophozoites invade?
The colonic epithelium
What is the site of action of the enzymes secreted by trophozoites?
The colonic epithelium
Where do the trophozoites invade after progressing into the submucosa?
Into the portal circulation
What is the most frequent site of systemic disease in Entamoeba histolytica infection?
Liver
What forms in the liver as a result of Entamoeba histolytica infection?
Abscesses
What are the contents of the abscesses formed in the liver?
Trophozoites
What stage of the parasite's life cycle is responsible for the invasion of the portal circulation?
Trophozoite
What is the result of an indirect hemagglutination test in patients with gastrointestinal disease?
Usually positive
What is the result of an indirect hemagglutination test in asymptomatic individuals?
Usually negative
What is the treatment of choice for symptomatic intestinal amebiasis?
Metronidazole or Tinidazole
What is the treatment of choice for hepatic abscesses?
Metronidazole or Tinidazole
What is the brand name of Metronidazole?
Flagyl
What is the main characteristic of chronic amebiasis?
Low-grade symptoms
What is a possible symptom of chronic amebiasis?
Occasional diarrhea
What is another possible symptom of chronic amebiasis?
Weight loss
What is a low-grade symptom of chronic amebiasis?
Fatigue
What is the general nature of the symptoms of chronic amebiasis?
Low-grade
Study Notes
Indirect Hemagglutination Test
- Usually positive in patients with invasive disease
- Frequently negative in asymptomatic individuals who are passing cysts
Treatment of Amebiasis
- Symptomatic intestinal amebiasis and hepatic abscesses: treated with metronidazole (Flagyl) or tinidazole
Pathogenesis of Amebiasis
- Trophozoites invade the colonic epithelium and secrete enzymes that cause localized necrosis
- Little inflammation occurs at the site of invasion
- Progression into the submucosa leads to invasion of the portal circulation by the trophozoites
- The liver is the most frequent site of systemic disease, where abscesses containing trophozoites form
Clinical Manifestations of Amebiasis
- Chronic amebiasis: low-grade symptoms, including occasional diarrhea, weight loss, and fatigue
This quiz assesses knowledge about the indirect hemagglutination test, its results in patients with invasive disease and asymptomatic individuals. Understand the test's applications and limitations.
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