Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which term is considered the most widely used current terminology for the original inhabitants of North America?
Which term is considered the most widely used current terminology for the original inhabitants of North America?
- Tribal
- Aboriginal
- Native
- Indigenous (correct)
What are the three distinct Indigenous groups recognized by the Canadian Constitution?
What are the three distinct Indigenous groups recognized by the Canadian Constitution?
- Indigenous, Native, and Tribal
- Métis, Inuit, and Native Canadians
- Native Americans, Alaskan Natives, and First Nations
- First Nations, Inuit, and Metis (correct)
What defines First Nations peoples according to the Indian Act?
What defines First Nations peoples according to the Indian Act?
- Both status and non-status Indians (correct)
- Only non-status Indians
- Only status Indians
- Indigenous Canadians of all backgrounds
In which regions of Canada do most Inuit communities reside?
In which regions of Canada do most Inuit communities reside?
What characterizes Métis peoples in Canada?
What characterizes Métis peoples in Canada?
Which of the following is NOT a consequence of colonization as described?
Which of the following is NOT a consequence of colonization as described?
What does oppression, in the context of Indigenous Peoples and colonization, primarily manifest as?
What does oppression, in the context of Indigenous Peoples and colonization, primarily manifest as?
Which of the following statements about Canada’s existence is accurate?
Which of the following statements about Canada’s existence is accurate?
What is a significant impact of settler colonialism on Indigenous peoples in Canada?
What is a significant impact of settler colonialism on Indigenous peoples in Canada?
Which strategy is aimed at improving Indigenous health outcomes?
Which strategy is aimed at improving Indigenous health outcomes?
What percentage of Indigenous people are admitted to provincial correctional facilities in Canada?
What percentage of Indigenous people are admitted to provincial correctional facilities in Canada?
How does non-Indigenous-led early childhood education contribute to equity?
How does non-Indigenous-led early childhood education contribute to equity?
How can non-Indigenous educators support Indigenous communities?
How can non-Indigenous educators support Indigenous communities?
Which aspect is essential for dismantling harmful systems affecting Indigenous peoples?
Which aspect is essential for dismantling harmful systems affecting Indigenous peoples?
What role does cultural humility play in early childhood education?
What role does cultural humility play in early childhood education?
What aspect of the Canadian healthcare system affects Indigenous health care funding?
What aspect of the Canadian healthcare system affects Indigenous health care funding?
What major recognition did the Supreme Court decision in Calder v. Attorney-General of British Columbia lead to in 1973?
What major recognition did the Supreme Court decision in Calder v. Attorney-General of British Columbia lead to in 1973?
Which treaty was the first modern treaty signed in Canada?
Which treaty was the first modern treaty signed in Canada?
How many modern treaties has Canada entered into with Indigenous groups as of now?
How many modern treaties has Canada entered into with Indigenous groups as of now?
What has been a significant impact of the residential school system on Indigenous languages?
What has been a significant impact of the residential school system on Indigenous languages?
Which of the following was NOT a practice enforced in residential schools?
Which of the following was NOT a practice enforced in residential schools?
What was one of the social impacts of the residential school system that continues to affect Indigenous communities?
What was one of the social impacts of the residential school system that continues to affect Indigenous communities?
What was the last residential school to close in Canada?
What was the last residential school to close in Canada?
What was a common psychological effect of the residential school experience on Indigenous children?
What was a common psychological effect of the residential school experience on Indigenous children?
What percentage of Canada's land mass is covered by modern treaties?
What percentage of Canada's land mass is covered by modern treaties?
Which factor contributed to the closure of the residential school system by the 1970s?
Which factor contributed to the closure of the residential school system by the 1970s?
What aspect of modern treaties includes provisions for Indigenous self-determination?
What aspect of modern treaties includes provisions for Indigenous self-determination?
Which of the following was an impact of colonial laws on Indigenous children in residential schools?
Which of the following was an impact of colonial laws on Indigenous children in residential schools?
What long-term effect continues to impact families and communities of those who attended residential schools?
What long-term effect continues to impact families and communities of those who attended residential schools?
What is the main focus of the recent reforms in child welfare services for Indigenous children?
What is the main focus of the recent reforms in child welfare services for Indigenous children?
What initiative aims to ensure Indigenous children receive necessary services without delays?
What initiative aims to ensure Indigenous children receive necessary services without delays?
Which of the following identifies a root cause that these reforms seek to address regarding Indigenous children in the welfare system?
Which of the following identifies a root cause that these reforms seek to address regarding Indigenous children in the welfare system?
Why do on-reserve schools struggle to provide quality education?
Why do on-reserve schools struggle to provide quality education?
What is a significant barrier faced by Indigenous students in off-reserve schools?
What is a significant barrier faced by Indigenous students in off-reserve schools?
What outcome is emphasized by Jordan's Principle for Indigenous children?
What outcome is emphasized by Jordan's Principle for Indigenous children?
What does a culturally inappropriate curriculum tend to perpetuate?
What does a culturally inappropriate curriculum tend to perpetuate?
Which element is crucial for creating equitable systems within child and family services for Indigenous families?
Which element is crucial for creating equitable systems within child and family services for Indigenous families?
What funding disparity continues to impact on-reserve schools?
What funding disparity continues to impact on-reserve schools?
What approach does the Truth and Reconciliation Commission recommend for education?
What approach does the Truth and Reconciliation Commission recommend for education?
What challenge does systemic inequity create for Indigenous families in the welfare system?
What challenge does systemic inequity create for Indigenous families in the welfare system?
What role does the Inuit Child First Initiative serve?
What role does the Inuit Child First Initiative serve?
What does the government emphasize in their commitment to Indigenous communities regarding child welfare?
What does the government emphasize in their commitment to Indigenous communities regarding child welfare?
What is a principle behind the educational approaches promoted by Indigenous communities?
What is a principle behind the educational approaches promoted by Indigenous communities?
What is a significant barrier Indigenous children face in accessing healthcare?
What is a significant barrier Indigenous children face in accessing healthcare?
Which principle was introduced to resolve disputes over service funding for First Nations children?
Which principle was introduced to resolve disputes over service funding for First Nations children?
Why is understanding systemic inequities crucial for Early Childhood Educators (ECEs)?
Why is understanding systemic inequities crucial for Early Childhood Educators (ECEs)?
What effect do residential schools have on Indigenous communities?
What effect do residential schools have on Indigenous communities?
Which of the following challenges intersects with educational disparities faced by Indigenous children?
Which of the following challenges intersects with educational disparities faced by Indigenous children?
What is one impact of intergenerational trauma on Indigenous children in education settings?
What is one impact of intergenerational trauma on Indigenous children in education settings?
How can ECEs foster healing and resilience among Indigenous children?
How can ECEs foster healing and resilience among Indigenous children?
What role do ECEs have in relation to community awareness of Indigenous challenges?
What role do ECEs have in relation to community awareness of Indigenous challenges?
What does the Inuit Child First Initiative aim to provide for Inuit children?
What does the Inuit Child First Initiative aim to provide for Inuit children?
What is the statistic related to Indigenous adults in correctional facilities?
What is the statistic related to Indigenous adults in correctional facilities?
Which of the following is a focus of Jordan's Principle?
Which of the following is a focus of Jordan's Principle?
How are systemic barriers in healthcare and justice systems related to education for Indigenous children?
How are systemic barriers in healthcare and justice systems related to education for Indigenous children?
What can ECEs do to restore trust with Indigenous families?
What can ECEs do to restore trust with Indigenous families?
What is an effect of systemic discrimination in the healthcare system on Indigenous children?
What is an effect of systemic discrimination in the healthcare system on Indigenous children?
What significant period is referred to as the Sixties Scoop?
What significant period is referred to as the Sixties Scoop?
What was the primary focus of Blackstock's human rights complaint against the Government of Canada?
What was the primary focus of Blackstock's human rights complaint against the Government of Canada?
Which of the following describes the ongoing removal of Indigenous children from families after the Sixties Scoop?
Which of the following describes the ongoing removal of Indigenous children from families after the Sixties Scoop?
What impact did the Tribunal's ruling in 2016 have on public discourse?
What impact did the Tribunal's ruling in 2016 have on public discourse?
According to the 2021 Stats Canada Census, what percentage of children in foster care are Indigenous?
According to the 2021 Stats Canada Census, what percentage of children in foster care are Indigenous?
What was a major provision of Bill C-92?
What was a major provision of Bill C-92?
What percentage of Indigenous children were adopted by American families in 1981?
What percentage of Indigenous children were adopted by American families in 1981?
What are some of the systemic issues linked to the overrepresentation of Indigenous children in foster care?
What are some of the systemic issues linked to the overrepresentation of Indigenous children in foster care?
What is a key principle that Bill C-92 aims to uphold?
What is a key principle that Bill C-92 aims to uphold?
What major milestone did the Tribunal's final ruling in 2016 achieve?
What major milestone did the Tribunal's final ruling in 2016 achieve?
How many Indigenous children were reported to have been adopted between 1960 and 1990?
How many Indigenous children were reported to have been adopted between 1960 and 1990?
What does the term 'cultural continuity' refer to in the context of Bill C-92?
What does the term 'cultural continuity' refer to in the context of Bill C-92?
What is one of the main goals of the reforms introduced by the Government of Canada in child welfare?
What is one of the main goals of the reforms introduced by the Government of Canada in child welfare?
What enduring effects have been observed due to the separation of Indigenous children from their families?
What enduring effects have been observed due to the separation of Indigenous children from their families?
What is the primary goal of culturally relevant and appropriate curriculum in early childhood education?
What is the primary goal of culturally relevant and appropriate curriculum in early childhood education?
Which approach is emphasized in the Indigenous Early Learning and Child Care Framework?
Which approach is emphasized in the Indigenous Early Learning and Child Care Framework?
What is meant by 'cultural humility' in early childhood education?
What is meant by 'cultural humility' in early childhood education?
How can non-Indigenous educators foster an environment respectful of Indigenous cultures?
How can non-Indigenous educators foster an environment respectful of Indigenous cultures?
What is a crucial aspect of child- and family-centered programs in early childhood education?
What is a crucial aspect of child- and family-centered programs in early childhood education?
Which of the following best describes the impact of historical trauma on Indigenous communities?
Which of the following best describes the impact of historical trauma on Indigenous communities?
What role does inclusivity play in early childhood education programs for Indigenous families?
What role does inclusivity play in early childhood education programs for Indigenous families?
Why is it important to portray Indigenous peoples as evolving cultures?
Why is it important to portray Indigenous peoples as evolving cultures?
What primary benefit does culturally safe space provide for Indigenous children and families?
What primary benefit does culturally safe space provide for Indigenous children and families?
What is an essential practice for non-Indigenous educators to engage in regarding privilege?
What is an essential practice for non-Indigenous educators to engage in regarding privilege?
Which of the following practices can aid in decolonizing early childhood education?
Which of the following practices can aid in decolonizing early childhood education?
What is a primary goal of decolonization in Indigenous communities?
What is a primary goal of decolonization in Indigenous communities?
What does the term 'indigenization' refer to in an educational context?
What does the term 'indigenization' refer to in an educational context?
What is a key focus of early childhood programs that serve Indigenous children?
What is a key focus of early childhood programs that serve Indigenous children?
Which document was initially opposed by Canada due to land and resource development concerns?
Which document was initially opposed by Canada due to land and resource development concerns?
Which of the following principles should early childhood educators adopt to support Indigenous children?
Which of the following principles should early childhood educators adopt to support Indigenous children?
What does Canada's recognition of Indigenous self-government involve?
What does Canada's recognition of Indigenous self-government involve?
What challenge remains for Indigenous communities regarding their governance according to Farkas (2021)?
What challenge remains for Indigenous communities regarding their governance according to Farkas (2021)?
How is decolonization described in the context of societal norms?
How is decolonization described in the context of societal norms?
What common issue do many Indigenous communities in Canada face?
What common issue do many Indigenous communities in Canada face?
What does the phrase 'domestic, dependent, sovereign nations' refer to?
What does the phrase 'domestic, dependent, sovereign nations' refer to?
Which of these is essential for meaningful reconciliation according to the content?
Which of these is essential for meaningful reconciliation according to the content?
What is highlighted as a crucial aspect of social justice education?
What is highlighted as a crucial aspect of social justice education?
Why is it important for Indigenous communities to navigate current policy systems?
Why is it important for Indigenous communities to navigate current policy systems?
How do some individuals misinterpret the idea of colonialism?
How do some individuals misinterpret the idea of colonialism?
How does Canada’s endorsement of UNDRIP signify a shift in attitudes towards Indigenous rights?
How does Canada’s endorsement of UNDRIP signify a shift in attitudes towards Indigenous rights?
What does the quote by Farkas (2021) pose as a critical question for Indigenous communities?
What does the quote by Farkas (2021) pose as a critical question for Indigenous communities?
What role can non-Indigenous individuals play in the decolonization process?
What role can non-Indigenous individuals play in the decolonization process?
What is the main focus of historical trauma as described?
What is the main focus of historical trauma as described?
Which of the following is NOT one of the five core areas of trauma-informed care?
Which of the following is NOT one of the five core areas of trauma-informed care?
What role does intercultural awareness training play for educators?
What role does intercultural awareness training play for educators?
Allyship for non-Indigenous educators involves which of the following actions?
Allyship for non-Indigenous educators involves which of the following actions?
The Indian Act of 1876 was designed to:
The Indian Act of 1876 was designed to:
What form of systematic oppression did residential schools represent?
What form of systematic oppression did residential schools represent?
Which principle emphasizes the importance of safe and predictable environments in trauma-informed care?
Which principle emphasizes the importance of safe and predictable environments in trauma-informed care?
How did Indigenous students often resist the cultural suppression of residential schools?
How did Indigenous students often resist the cultural suppression of residential schools?
Which of the following best describes the term 'colonization'?
Which of the following best describes the term 'colonization'?
What long-term effect did residential schools have on Indigenous communities?
What long-term effect did residential schools have on Indigenous communities?
Which statement accurately reflects the impact of the Doctrine of Discovery?
Which statement accurately reflects the impact of the Doctrine of Discovery?
What does advocacy in the context of education aim to achieve for Indigenous children?
What does advocacy in the context of education aim to achieve for Indigenous children?
Which of the following is a principle of trauma-informed care that involves collaboration with Indigenous communities?
Which of the following is a principle of trauma-informed care that involves collaboration with Indigenous communities?
What did the Doctrine of Discovery allow European colonizers to do? (Select all that apply)
What did the Doctrine of Discovery allow European colonizers to do? (Select all that apply)
What is a key difference between "unceded" and "ceded" lands?
What is a key difference between "unceded" and "ceded" lands?
Which of the following was NOT a primary factor in the expansion of European settlement in Labrador?
Which of the following was NOT a primary factor in the expansion of European settlement in Labrador?
How did the Doctrine of Discovery contribute to the displacement of Indigenous peoples?
How did the Doctrine of Discovery contribute to the displacement of Indigenous peoples?
According to the provided text, what was a key objective of Canada's Aboriginal policy for over a century?
According to the provided text, what was a key objective of Canada's Aboriginal policy for over a century?
What is the significance of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada's (TRC) statement that the residential school system was a form of "cultural genocide"?
What is the significance of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada's (TRC) statement that the residential school system was a form of "cultural genocide"?
Which of these historical treaties aimed to create a framework for peaceful economic and military relations between Indigenous peoples and European newcomers?
Which of these historical treaties aimed to create a framework for peaceful economic and military relations between Indigenous peoples and European newcomers?
What is the main purpose of treaties between the Government of Canada and Indigenous groups?
What is the main purpose of treaties between the Government of Canada and Indigenous groups?
In the context of the provided text, what does "terra nullius" refer to?
In the context of the provided text, what does "terra nullius" refer to?
Why were reserves often established on lands that were not historically used by Indigenous people?
Why were reserves often established on lands that were not historically used by Indigenous people?
What specific actions contributed to the lasting legacy of colonization in Labrador?
What specific actions contributed to the lasting legacy of colonization in Labrador?
What is the key takeaway from the text regarding the relationship between colonization and cultural genocide?
What is the key takeaway from the text regarding the relationship between colonization and cultural genocide?
Which of these practices is considered a key example of systemic oppression, as described by Sensoy and DiAngelo (2017)?
Which of these practices is considered a key example of systemic oppression, as described by Sensoy and DiAngelo (2017)?
Why is recognizing colonization as oppression crucial? (Select all that apply)
Why is recognizing colonization as oppression crucial? (Select all that apply)
Why is the concept of unceded land significant in understanding contemporary Indigenous-government relations?
Why is the concept of unceded land significant in understanding contemporary Indigenous-government relations?
Which of the following could be considered a contemporary consequence of colonialism in Canada?
Which of the following could be considered a contemporary consequence of colonialism in Canada?
Flashcards
Indigenous Peoples
Indigenous Peoples
Original inhabitants of North America, including their descendants.
Three Indigenous Groups in Canada
Three Indigenous Groups in Canada
First Nations, Inuit, and Métis recognized by the Constitution.
First Nations
First Nations
A term for various Indigenous communities in Canada, both status and non-status Indians.
Inuit
Inuit
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Métis
Métis
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Colonization
Colonization
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Oppression
Oppression
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Cultural Erasure
Cultural Erasure
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Unceded Land
Unceded Land
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Cultural Genocide
Cultural Genocide
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Doctrine of Discovery
Doctrine of Discovery
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Terra Nullius
Terra Nullius
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Systemic Oppression
Systemic Oppression
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Residential Schools
Residential Schools
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Historic Treaties
Historic Treaties
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Crown
Crown
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Resource-Driven Relationships
Resource-Driven Relationships
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Treaty Rights
Treaty Rights
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Intermarriage
Intermarriage
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Labrador Demographics
Labrador Demographics
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Colonial Policies
Colonial Policies
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Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC)
Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC)
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Sixties Scoop
Sixties Scoop
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Cultural Identity Loss
Cultural Identity Loss
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Indigenous Child Welfare Inequality
Indigenous Child Welfare Inequality
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Millennial Scoop
Millennial Scoop
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Systemic Issues
Systemic Issues
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Cindy Blackstock
Cindy Blackstock
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First Nations Child and Family Caring Society v. Canada
First Nations Child and Family Caring Society v. Canada
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Underfunding in Child Welfare
Underfunding in Child Welfare
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Canadian Human Rights Tribunal
Canadian Human Rights Tribunal
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Bill C-92
Bill C-92
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Jurisdiction Over Child Services
Jurisdiction Over Child Services
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Cultural Continuity Principle
Cultural Continuity Principle
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Substantive Equality
Substantive Equality
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Intergenerational Trauma
Intergenerational Trauma
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United Nations Declaration on Indigenous People's Rights
United Nations Declaration on Indigenous People's Rights
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Child Protection Reform
Child Protection Reform
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Indigenous Services Investment
Indigenous Services Investment
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Jordan's Principle
Jordan's Principle
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Inuit Child First Initiative
Inuit Child First Initiative
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Root Causes of Child Welfare Involvement
Root Causes of Child Welfare Involvement
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Systemic Inequality
Systemic Inequality
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Social Determinants of Change
Social Determinants of Change
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Equitable Education Access
Equitable Education Access
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Funding Disparities
Funding Disparities
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Culturally Appropriate Curriculum
Culturally Appropriate Curriculum
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Truth and Reconciliation Commission
Truth and Reconciliation Commission
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Bureaucratic Delays
Bureaucratic Delays
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Systemic Racism in Education
Systemic Racism in Education
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Community-Centric Education
Community-Centric Education
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Children's Value in Indigenous Perspectives
Children's Value in Indigenous Perspectives
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Equitable Access
Equitable Access
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Culturally Competent Care
Culturally Competent Care
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Systemic Barriers
Systemic Barriers
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Importance of ECEs
Importance of ECEs
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Educational Disparities
Educational Disparities
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Culturally Responsive Programming
Culturally Responsive Programming
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Building Trust
Building Trust
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Holistic Care
Holistic Care
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Inclusive Practices
Inclusive Practices
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Trauma-Informed Care
Trauma-Informed Care
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Racism in Systems
Racism in Systems
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Advocacy in ECE
Advocacy in ECE
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Empathy in Education
Empathy in Education
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Cultural Humility
Cultural Humility
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Decolonizing Practices
Decolonizing Practices
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Culturally Safe Spaces
Culturally Safe Spaces
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Inclusivity in Education
Inclusivity in Education
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Indigenous Knowledge Systems
Indigenous Knowledge Systems
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Indigenization
Indigenization
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Historical Trauma
Historical Trauma
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Culturally Relevant Curriculum
Culturally Relevant Curriculum
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Trauma-Informed Approaches
Trauma-Informed Approaches
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Child-Centered Programs
Child-Centered Programs
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Collaborative Partnerships
Collaborative Partnerships
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Distinctions-Based Approach
Distinctions-Based Approach
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Cultural Contexts
Cultural Contexts
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Emotional Safety
Emotional Safety
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Indigenous Early Learning Framework
Indigenous Early Learning Framework
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Inequities in Education
Inequities in Education
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Indigenous Health Care
Indigenous Health Care
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Justice Overrepresentation
Justice Overrepresentation
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Allyship in Education
Allyship in Education
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Restorative Justice Principles
Restorative Justice Principles
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Specific Claims Process
Specific Claims Process
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Modern Treaties
Modern Treaties
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Calder v. Attorney-General of British Columbia
Calder v. Attorney-General of British Columbia
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James Bay Agreement
James Bay Agreement
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Self-Government Provisions
Self-Government Provisions
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Cultural Loss
Cultural Loss
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Colonial Laws
Colonial Laws
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Predicability in Land Rights
Predicability in Land Rights
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Social Determinants of Health
Social Determinants of Health
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Residential School Closure
Residential School Closure
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Cultural Revitalization
Cultural Revitalization
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Economic Self-Reliance
Economic Self-Reliance
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Trauma-Informed Care Principles
Trauma-Informed Care Principles
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Building Trusting Relationships
Building Trusting Relationships
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Dismantling Inequality
Dismantling Inequality
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Allyship
Allyship
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Advocacy in Education
Advocacy in Education
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Colonization Effects
Colonization Effects
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Indian Act
Indian Act
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Residential School System
Residential School System
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Cultural Suppression
Cultural Suppression
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Indigenous Resistance
Indigenous Resistance
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Systemic Issues in Child Welfare
Systemic Issues in Child Welfare
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Disparities in Child Welfare
Disparities in Child Welfare
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Policies for Equity
Policies for Equity
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Indigenous Sovereignty
Indigenous Sovereignty
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Truth and Reconciliation
Truth and Reconciliation
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UNDRIP
UNDRIP
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Self-Determination
Self-Determination
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Assimilation Practices
Assimilation Practices
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Systemic Inequities
Systemic Inequities
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Public Apologies
Public Apologies
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Crown Recognition
Crown Recognition
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Domestic Sovereignty
Domestic Sovereignty
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Infrastructure for Indigenous Peoples
Infrastructure for Indigenous Peoples
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Resistance to Colonialism
Resistance to Colonialism
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Reclaiming Land
Reclaiming Land
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Dismantling Oppression
Dismantling Oppression
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Study Notes
-
ey for decolonization efforts within educational contexts.Indigenous Peoples in Canada
- Indigenous peoples (First Nations, Inuit, Métis) are the original inhabitants of North America.
- "Indigenous" is the preferred term, though "Aboriginal" is also used.
- Canada's Constitution recognizes First Nations, Inuit, and Métis as distinct groups with unique histories and cultures.
First Nations
- Canada has over 630 First Nations communities.
- First Nations are categorized as status or non-status, defined by the Indian Act.
- Notable First Nations in Newfoundland and Labrador include the Innu Bands of Natuashish and Sheshatshiu, and the Mi'kmaq of Miawpukek and Qalipu.
Inuit
- Inuit primarily reside in Canada's Arctic regions.
- Inuit communities in Newfoundland and Labrador include Nain, Hopedale, Postville, Makkovik, and Rigolet, part of a larger Inuit population in 53 communities across northern Canada.
Métis
- Métis are descendants of First Nations and European ancestry.
- They possess a unique culture and identity developed from this mixed heritage.
Colonization
- Colonization profoundly disrupted Indigenous ways of life, imposing external political control, enforcing economic dependence, and creating inequitable social services.
- This includes institutionalizing systemic racism.
- Colonization is a form of oppression rooted in dominance, control, exploitation, and marginalization.
- It manifested through land theft, cultural erasure, economic dependence, and inequities.
- Canada's existence is rooted in colonization.
- In British Columbia, for example, 95% of First Nations, Métis, and Inuit land remains unceded.
- Colonization justified through framing Indigenous peoples as culturally inferior, leading to policies of assimilation (ex: residential schools, forced relocations).
- Colonization significantly impacted Inuit and Innu cultures and lands in Labrador, disrupting their practices and resources.
- Colonial economic pursuits and policies permanently transformed Labrador's landscape.
Residential Schools
- Residential schools were a central element of Canadian Aboriginal policy to assimilate Indigenous peoples into Canadian society.
- Over 150,000 Indigenous children attended residential schools across Canada, with many institutions closing by the 1970s.
- The last residential school closed in 1980 in Labrador.
- Policies within residential schools included renaming Indigenous children, prohibiting native languages, and outlawing Indigenous spirituality.
- These schools inflicted severe physical, sexual, and emotional abuse, leading to intergenerational trauma.
Sixties Scoop
- During the 1960s, the Sixties Scoop involved the systematic removal of Indigenous children from their families.
- Thousands of Indigenous children were placed in non-Indigenous foster care or adoption, leading to cultural loss, language loss, and often instances of abuse.
- The removal of these children had significant, lasting effects on Indigenous communities.
Bill C-92
- This act was co-developed with Indigenous peoples, aiming to reduce the number of Indigenous children in care and enhance child and family services.
- Bill C-92 affirms Indigenous jurisdiction over child and family services and establishes national principles concerning the best interests of the child, cultural continuity.
Indigenous Sovereignty and Decolonization
- Indigenous self-determination and gaining control over their resources and services is needed for true reconciliation.
- Decolonization involves dismantling oppressive systems and empowering Indigenous communities.
- The Doctrine of Discovery, a belief in European superiority, justified colonization and the seizure of Indigenous land and resources.
- Canada's current policies acknowledge Indigenous rights but are shaped by decades of colonialism.
Modern Education System
- Indigenous students face inequities in access, funding, and culturally appropriate curriculum—both on and off reserves.
- Schools on reserves frequently lack infrastructure, skilled teachers, and adequate resources, due to historical underfunding.
- Western worldviews dominate the educational system, marginalizing Indigenous histories and traditions.
Indigenous Health and Justice Systems
- Indigenous peoples face significant barriers to accessing healthcare, specifically in remote areas with limited resources and culturally competent care.
- Indigenous peoples are overrepresented in the justice system.
- These issues are deeply linked to the legacy of colonialism, residential schools, and the Sixties Scoop.
- Jordan's Principle and the Inuit Child First Initiative address systemic challenges for Indigenous children's access to services.
Early Childhood Educators' Role
- ECEs play a crucial role in supporting Indigenous children, families, and communities.
- ECEs must create culturally safe environments, build trust with Indigenous families, and advocate for equitable resources.
- Implementing curricula that embrace Indigenous values and practices is k
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