12 Questions
What is the main purpose of treaties signed between Indigenous nations and the Crown?
To exchange Indigenous lands for annual payments and benefits
What has had a devastating impact on the health and socio-economic well-being of Indigenous peoples?
Acts of segregation and racism
What was one of the colonial practices that aimed to control and assimilate Indigenous peoples?
Enforcing the Indian Act
What contributed to the significant growth rate of the Indigenous population compared to the non-Indigenous population?
High birth rates and increased life expectancy
What did the 2016 census report about the growth of First Nations communities?
Significant growth in both on and off-reserve populations
Which group among the Indigenous population is most likely to live in an urban community?
Métis
Which of the following are the three categories of Indigenous peoples in Canada?
Inuit, Métis, First Nations
Where do the Inuit primarily inhabit in Canada?
Northern regions
Who were the original inhabitants of the land that is now Canada?
First Nations peoples
Which federal government statute divides Indigenous peoples into Status Indians and Non-Status Indians?
Indian Act
How are Status Indians identified in Canada?
Through identification cards containing information about their identity, band, and registration number
Which department of the federal government is responsible for the affairs of Indigenous peoples in Canada?
Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs
Study Notes
- There are three categories of Indigenous peoples in Canada: Inuit, Métis, and First Nations.
- The Inuit primarily inhabit the northern regions of Canada in Inuit Nunangat, which includes the Arctic region.
- Métis peoples have mixed European and Indigenous ancestry and are mainly found in the Prairie provinces and Ontario.
- First Nations peoples were the original inhabitants of Canada and are divided into Status Indians (registered in the Indian Register) and Non-Status Indians (not registered).
- Indigenous peoples in Canada are protected by section 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982, which enshrines their rights.
- Historic colonial practices like the Indian Act, pass system, reserves, and residential schools have had devastating impacts on the health and socio-economic well-being of Indigenous peoples.
- In the 2021 census, 1,807,250 people in Canada identified as Indigenous, making up 5% of the national population.
- The Indigenous population in Canada is growing steadily, with a growth rate of 42.5% between 2006 and 2016, and 9.4% from 2016 to 2021.
- Statistics Canada projects that the Indigenous population will likely exceed 2.5 million people in the next 20 years.
- The Métis population showed significant growth, with the on-reserve population increasing by 12.8% and the off-reserve population by 49.1% from 2006 to 2016.
Learn about the three categories of Indigenous peoples in Canada: Inuit, Métis and First Nations, as well as their unique characteristics and regions of inhabitance.
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