Indian Temple Architecture Overview
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Questions and Answers

Consider the following statements:

  1. It was built by the Chalukyas based on Dravidian style of architecture.
  2. It is a monolithic rock-cut temple and a part of the Ellora caves. The above refers to?

  • Lingaraja Temple
  • Brhideshvara Temple
  • Venkateshawara Temple
  • Kailasa Temple (correct)

In which century did the Rashtrakutas wrest power from the Chalukyas?

8th Century

What does the beautiful architectural rock sculpture from Ellora depict?

  • The birth of Lord Ganesha
  • The cremation of Sati
  • The story of the Pandavas
  • The marriage of Shiva and Parvati (correct)

Who is actively engaged in stirring up the flames of the sacred Fire in the Ellora rock sculpture?

<p>Brahma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Sanskrit phrase "Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam" means..

<p>The world is one family (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which Upanishad does the phrase "Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam" originally appear?

<p>Maha Upanishad (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following were the features of Vijayanagara architecture?

  1. Raya gopuram
  2. Mandapas
  3. Long and pillared corridors
  4. Display of royal portrait sculpture

<p>1, 2, 3 and 4 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Vijayanagara rulers only inherited the earlier traditions of architecture.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do Raya gopurams, also known as royal gateways, signify?

<p>The presence of the temple from a great distance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Vijayanagara rulers were known for their skills in commanding resources and techniques.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following features of Indo-Islamic architecture are characteristics of Tughlaq era buildings?

  1. Sloping walls
  2. Rich decorations
  3. Combination of arch, lintel and beam
  4. A profusion of red sandstones

<p>1 and 3 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Tughlaqs preferred using the expensive red sandstone in their buildings.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the striking feature of Tughlaq architecture?

<p>Sloping walls</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where can you find the combination of arch, lintel and beam in Tughlaq era buildings?

<p>Hauz Khas (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Kornish' refer to in medieval history?

<p>A title given to the courtier (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding Rig Vedic Aryans is/are incorrect?

  1. There are no evidences of the use of Iron by Rig Vedic Aryans.
  2. Trade was conducted on barter system.
  3. Copper coins called nishka were used as media of exchange in large transactions.

<p>1 and 3 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do Aryavarta, Madhyadesa, and Dakshinapatha refer to?

<p>Divisions of India referred in the later vedic texts. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which of the following relief sculpture inscriptions is 'Ranyo Ashoka' (King Ashoka) mentioned along with the stone portrait of Ashoka?

<p>Shahbazgarhi (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

With reference to forced labor (Vishti) in India during the Gupta period, which statement is correct?

<p>It was considered a source of income for the State, a sort of tax paid by the people. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Building 'Kalyaana Mandapas' was a notable feature in temple construction in the kingdom of

<p>Vijayanagara (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding Saint Nimbarka and Saint Kabir is/are correct?

  1. Saint Nimbarka was a contemporary of Akbar.
  2. Saint Kabir was greatly influenced by Shaikh Ahmad Sirhindi.

<p>1 only (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about Mian Tansen is not correct?

<p>Tansen was the title given to him by Emperor Akbar. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which Mughal Emperor shifted emphasis from illustrated manuscripts to albums and individual portraits?

<p>Jahangir (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Consider the following statements with reference to the religious philosophy of Akbar:

  1. He created his own religion.
  2. He discouraged the killing of animals.
  3. He strongly disapproved of women becoming Satis. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

<p>2 and 3 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes 'Tolkappiyam'?

<p>It refers to a work of Tamil grammar. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of the Battles of Tarain in the context of Indian History?

<p>It led to the establishment of Turkish rule in India. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Muhammad Ghori's invasion of the Chauhan kingdom was motivated by the Hindu princes forming a confederacy under Prithviraj Chauhan.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The second Battle of Tarain was a major setback for the Rajputs and their political prestige.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Battles of Tarain were a contributing factor in the establishment of Turkish rule in India.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sher Shah Suri captured Agra by defeating Humanyun in the Battle of Kanauj.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which war was Tipu Sultan killed?

<p>Third Anglo-Mysore War</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who established the Mughal empire by defeating Ibrahim Lodi?

<p>Babur</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Kailasa Temple

A monolithic rock-cut temple in Ellora, carved from a hill, known for its grand scale sculptures and the marriage scene of Shiva and Parvati.

Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam

The phrase "the world is one family", found in Hindu texts like the Maha Upanishad, emphasizing the interconnectedness of humanity.

Raya Gopuram

Royal gateways that often dwarf other temple structures, highlighting the power of kings.

Mandapas

Pavilions within temple complexes that often enclose important spaces or statues.

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Long and pillared corridors

Long corridors supported by pillars, often surrounding shrines, showcasing architectural elegance and scale.

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Royal Portrait Sculpture

Sculptures depicting rulers, often displayed in temples as a symbol of royal authority.

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Sloping Walls

A characteristic of Tughlaq architecture, referring to sloping walls that provide strength and a sense of solidity to buildings.

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Combination of arch, lintel and beam

A distinctive feature of Tughlaq architecture, combining arches, lintels and beams within the same structure, showcasing architectural ingenuity.

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Kornish

A term referring to a title given to a courtier, highlighting the hierarchical structure of medieval society.

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Barter System

The system of exchanging goods and services without using money, practiced by Rig Vedic Aryans.

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Nishka

Copper coins used as a medium of exchange in significant transactions by Rig Vedic Aryans.

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Madhyadesa

A geographical term used in later Vedic texts, referring to the central region of India, emphasizing its importance in Vedic society.

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Dakshinapatha

A geographical term used in later Vedic texts, referring to the region south of the Vindhya mountains, highlighting a geographical division of India.

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Ranyo Ashoka inscription

A relief sculpture inscription mentioning 'Ranyo Ashoka' along with a stone portrait of Ashoka, showcasing a powerful representation of the king.

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Vishti

A form of forced labour used during the Gupta period, often considered as a form of tax paid by the people.

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Kalyaana Mandapas

A distinctive feature of temple construction in the Vijayanagara kingdom, where large structures were built to mark the king's power and authority.

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Saint Nimbarka

Saint Nimbarka, a prominent philosopher known for his teachings on Brahman, who lived during the 13th century, not during Akbar's era.

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Saint Kabir

Saint Kabir, an influential Bhakti saint known for his teachings on unity and spiritual equality, who was not significantly influenced by Shaikh Ahmad Sirhindi.

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Mian Tansen

A well-known musician and singer during Akbar's reign, renowned for his contributions to Hindustani classical music, who composed Dhrupads on both Hindu and Sufi themes.

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Jahangir

A Mughal Emperor who shifted the artistic focus from illustrated manuscripts to individual portraits and albums, showcasing his personal interest.

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Akbar's Religious Philosophy

Akbar's religious philosophy based on tolerance and unity, often referred to as Din-i-Ilahi, that encouraged respect for all religions.

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Tolkappiyam

A comprehensive work on Tamil grammar, outlining rules and principles of the Tamil language.

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Battles of Tarain

The Battles of Tarain, fought between Prithviraj Chauhan and Muhammad Ghori, marked a crucial turning point in Indian history, leading to the establishment of Turkish rule in India.

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Study Notes

Kailasa Temple, Ellora

  • Built by the Rashtrakutas in the 8th century
  • Based on Dravidian architectural style
  • Located at Ellora, a part of the Ellora caves
  • Monolithic rock-cut temple, carved out of a hill
  • Showcases the marriage of Shiva and Parvati in its sculpture
  • Includes figures of Brahma (the creator) and other deities
  • Demonstrates masterful portrayal of graceful divinity and occasion

Vijayanagara Architecture

  • Rulers inherited traditions from Chola, Pandya, and Hoysala
  • Architecture emphasized grandeur and imperial authority
  • Introduced Raya gopurams (royal gateways)
  • Featured mandapas and long pillared corridors
  • Displayed royal portrait sculptures
  • Characterized by immense scale, showing power

Tughlaq Architecture

  • Marked the climax of the Delhi Sultanate
  • Showcased salami/bater (sloping walls) for strength and solidity
  • Combined arch, lintel, and beam structures
  • Used cheaper greystone instead of red sandstone
  • Decorated minimally due to carving difficulty of greystone

Rig Vedic Aryans

  • Lacked evidence of iron use
  • Used barter system for trade
  • Did not use copper coins as currency in large transactions (incorrect statement)

Terms in Indian History

  • Kornish: Title given to a courtier or a type of salutation
  • Nishka: Copper coins used in exchange (incorrectly used in large transactions)
  • Aryavarta, Madhyadesa, Dakshinapatha: Divisions of India in later Vedic texts
  • Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam: Phrase meaning "the world is one family", found in Hindu texts
  • Kalyaana Mandapas: Feature in temple construction
  •  Ranyo Ashoka: Mentioned in Sohgaura relief sculpture inscriptions

Forced Labor (Vishti) in Gupta Period

  • Considered a source of income for the Gupta state, a sort of tax
  • No mention of its absence in certain regions, or wages for labourers

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Description

Explore the fascinating architectural styles of Indian temples, including the Kailasa Temple at Ellora, Vijayanagara architecture, and Tughlaq architecture. This quiz delves into their historical significance, design elements, and key features. Test your knowledge of these majestic structures that reflect India's rich cultural heritage.

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