Hoysala Architecture Overview
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Questions and Answers

What percentage of the Ajanta Caves is dedicated to Mahayana Buddhism?

  • 50%
  • 10%
  • 25%
  • 83.3% (correct)

    • Which traveler is NOT associated with the Ajanta Caves?

  • Fahien
  • Marco Polo (correct)
  • Hiuen Tsang
  • Xuanzang

    • Which of the following is NOT a criterion for a language to be declared classical?

  • Large body of ancient literature
  • Influence from multiple communities (correct)
  • High antiquity of its early texts
  • Distinct from modern forms

    • What is the purpose of the Centre of Excellence for Studies in Classical Languages?

    <p>To support classical language scholarships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year was Tamil declared a Classical Language?

    <p>2004</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining characteristic of Hoysala architecture?

    <p>Detailed carvings on soapstone covering walls and ceilings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a benefit provided by the Ministry of Education for classical languages?

    <p>International awards for classical languages scholars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following languages is NOT listed as a Classical Language?

    <p>Marathi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which temple is dedicated to Vishnu and features a magnificent image of him as Chennakesava?

    <p>Chennakesava Temple</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant event was Kashi Tamil Sangamam 2023 inaugurated to commemorate?

    <p>Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which notable feature is associated with the Hoysaleswara Temple at Halebidu?

    <p>Two identical shrines facing each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the sculptures found in Hoysala architecture?

    <p>They represent religious diversity, including Hindu, Jain, and Buddhist themes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible architectural plan for the Kesava Temple at Somanathapura?

    <p>Trikuta (three-peaked) plan with three shrines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When was the Chennakesava Temple built?

    <p>1117 CE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about UNESCO World Heritage Sites?

    <p>They must possess unique cultural or physical significance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which king is associated with the construction of the Hoysaleswara Temple?

    <p>King Vishnuvardhana</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What elements made up the army mentioned in the content?

    <p>Infantry, cavalry, elephant corps, and a navy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature is NOT included in the description of the coins mentioned?

    <p>Minted with the symbol of a dragon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What radius around protected monuments is strictly prohibited for construction according to the AMASR Act?

    <p>100 meters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must occur to remove a monument from the Centrally Protected Monuments list?

    <p>An amendment to the AMASR Act is required</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the AMASR Act classify monuments that are over 100 years old?

    <p>As protected monuments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a consequence of the restrictions imposed around monuments?

    <p>Made house repairs difficult for residents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the concern highlighted by the 359th report regarding Centrally Protected Monuments?

    <p>Many are minor structures lacking national significance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the 200-meter radius beyond the prohibited construction area?

    <p>It is a regulated area requiring approval for construction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Shankaracharya's main criticism of the Mimamsa school of Hinduism?

    <p>It relied solely on ritual practices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following mathas did Shankaracharya establish?

    <p>Sri Sringeri in the south</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many commentaries did Shankaracharya write on major religious scriptures?

    <p>18</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Advaita Vedanta philosophy?

    <p>The fundamental oneness and non-duality of all existence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Maya' refer to in Advaita Vedanta?

    <p>The material reality perceived by the senses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age did Shankaracharya reportedly attain Samadhi?

    <p>32</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following works is NOT authored by Shankaracharya?

    <p>Bhagavad Gita</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Advaita Vedanta, how is the individual soul (Atman) viewed in relation to Brahman?

    <p>As a temporary manifestation of Brahman.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Mahavira' mean?

    <p>Great hero</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the Five Doctrines of Jainism?

    <p>Karma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which path must be followed to achieve salvation in Jainism?

    <p>Right Faith, Right Knowledge, Right Action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the meaning of Anekantavada in Jainism?

    <p>Complexity of ultimate truths</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age did Vardhamana Mahavira achieve Kaivalya?

    <p>42 years old</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sect of Jainism is known as 'sky-clad'?

    <p>Digambaras</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which doctrine in Jainism emphasizes that judgments are conditional?

    <p>Syadvada</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Vardhamana Mahavira's mother?

    <p>Trishala</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Hoysala Architecture

    • Developed under the Hoysala Empire between the 11th and 14th centuries in Karnataka.
    • Influenced by Western Chalukya architecture; part of Karnataka Dravida temple tradition.
    • Characterized by detailed carvings on soapstone on walls, pillars, and ceilings.
    • Features a distinctive star-shaped plan with multiple shrines around a central hall (mantapa).
    • Each shrine has a vimana adorned with carvings.
    • Sculptures include deities, mythological scenes, flora, fauna, dancers, and musicians.
    • Represents religious diversity with Hindu, Jain, and Buddhist themes.

    Notable Examples of Hoysala Architecture

    • Chennakesava Temple at Belur: Built by King Vishnuvardhana in 1117 CE, dedicated to Vishnu with notable bracket figures (madanikas).
    • Hoysaleswara Temple at Halebidu: Constructed in the 12th century CE by King Vishnuvardhana and Queen Shantala Devi, features two identical shrines and intricate carvings.
    • Keshava Temple at Somanathapura: Built by King Narasimha III in 1268 CE, dedicated to Vishnu, exhibits a trikuta plan with three shrines.

    UNESCO World Heritage Sites

    • Recognized for cultural, historical, and scientific significance, requiring unique physical attributes.
    • Ajanta Caves comprise 30 caves with a mix of Hinayana and Mahayana Buddhist themes depicting Jataka stories.
    • Fresco art is created using pigments applied to damp lime plaster for durability and vibrancy.

    Classical Languages

    • Bengali has origins dating back 2,500 years, being the 2nd most spoken language in India and 7th globally.
    • Six classical languages identified: Tamil, Sanskrit, Kannada, Telugu, Malayalam, and Odia, all documented in the Eighth Schedule of India.
    • Criteria for classical language classification include:
      • High antiquity with early texts over 1500-2000 years old.
      • A rich original literature heritage.
      • Distinct literary traditions independent of other speech communities.
    • Benefits of classical language status include international awards and centers for excellence in studies.

    Vardhamana Mahavira and Jain Philosophy

    • Vardhamana Mahavira, born 540 B.C. in Bihar, was a Kshatriya prince who became an ascetic at age 30 and attained Kaivalya at 42.
    • Known by titles: Mahavira (great hero), Jaina (one who conquers senses), and Nirgrantha (free from bonds).
    • Jainism emphasizes three jewels (Triratna) for salvation: Right Faith (Samyakdarshana), Right Knowledge (Samyakjnana), and Right Action (Samyakcharita).
    • Core doctrines include Ahimsa (non-violence), Satya (truth), Asteya (not stealing), Aparigraha (non-acquisition), and Brahmacharya (chaste living).
    • Anekantavada posits that truth has multiple aspects, while Syadvada states that all judgments are conditional and context-dependent.
    • Major sects in Jainism are Digambaras (sky-clad) and Svetambaras (white-clad).

    Shankaracharya's Legacy

    • Founded four prominent monastic centers: Sringeri, Dwarka, Puri, and Badrinath.
    • Authored 18 major commentaries, including on the Bhagavad Gita and Upanishads.
    • His main work on Brahma Sutra is the oldest surviving commentary on the subject.
    • Promoted the philosophy of Advaita Vedanta, emphasizing non-duality and the illusion of the material world (maya) over the ultimate reality (Brahman).

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    Description

    Explore the unique building style of Hindu temples developed under the Hoysala Empire between the 11th and 14th centuries. This quiz will delve into the influences of Western Chalukya architecture and the distinctive features of Hoysala architecture, including its intricate carvings and star-shaped plans.

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