Indian Political Reforms Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following responsibilities was controlled by the Centre according to the Government of India Act, 1935?

  • Education
  • Public Health
  • Agriculture
  • Defense (correct)

    • What was the significance of the Montague-Chelmsford Reforms, also known as the Government of India Act of 1919?

  • It introduced a federal court system.
  • It established a separate electorate for women.
  • It introduced Diarchy at the provincial level. (correct)
  • It granted complete independence to India.

    • Which of the following best describes the impact of the Morley-Minto Reforms (Indian Councils Act, 1909)?

  • It fully eliminated Indian representation in government.
  • It made no changes to the structure of government.
  • It completely separated India from British rule.
  • It marked an initial attempt to introduce a representative popular element in India. (correct)

    • What was a key reason for the rejection of the proposals associated with the Government of India Act, 1935?

    <p>The proposals did not meet the demands for complete independence and self-governance. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary objective of the Cripps Mission during the Second World War?

    <p>To enlist India's cooperation in the war effort. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year were Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev, and Rajguru executed for their revolutionary activities?

    <p>1931 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following legislative changes established a Public Service Commission in India?

    <p>Montague-Chelmsford Reforms (1919) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did Mahatma Gandhi withdraw from active politics after the Civil Disobedience Movement?

    <p>He shifted his focus to the upliftment of Harijans (Dalits). (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a key provision in the Government of India Act, 1935, concerning provincial governance?

    <p>The grant of a large measure of autonomy to the provinces of British India. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which revolutionary group was founded by Aurobindo Ghose and planned an armed revolt during the First World War?

    <p>Jugantar Party (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What governance change occurred on November 1, 1858, in India?

    <p>Governance was transferred from the East India Company to the British Crown. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the initial approach of the Indian National Congress (INC) toward British rule?

    <p>Adopting a moderate approach, expressing faith in the British system, and seeking gradual reforms. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which demand was NOT a primary focus of the Moderate faction within the Indian National Congress?

    <p>Promoting complete economic self-sufficiency by nationalizing all industries. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary difference between the Moderates and the Radicals in the Indian National Movement?

    <p>Moderates believed in gradual reforms through peaceful means, while Radicals favored direct action and assertive protests. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did the British decide to partition Bengal in 1905?

    <p>To weaken the burgeoning nationalist movement by dividing the Indian population. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following was NOT a direct consequence of the Partition of Bengal?

    <p>The immediate granting of complete independence to India. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following leaders was NOT associated with the Radical faction of the Indian National Movement?

    <p>Gopal Krishna Gokhale (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay's song 'Vande Matram' in the context of the Indian National Movement?

    <p>It was a milestone development. stirring patriotic sentiments and inspiring nationalist fervor. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event caused Gandhiji to call off the Non-Cooperation Movement?

    <p>The Chauri Chaura Incident (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which educational institution was established as part of the Non-Cooperation Movement?

    <p>Kashi Vidya Peeth (A), Jamia Milia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the historic resolution passed during the Lahore session of 1929?

    <p>Purna Swaraj (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action was taken against the Simon Commission in 1927?

    <p>Public demonstrations and protests (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a key action taken by the radical faction of the Congress during nationalist movements in the early 20th century?

    <p>Promotion of swadeshi goods (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which leader was notably concerned about the welfare of peasants in the Bardoli movement?

    <p>Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the government response to the Non-Cooperation Movement?

    <p>Imprisoning key leaders (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event resulted in a split between Moderates and Radicals in the Congress party?

    <p>Surat session in 1907 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What principle did Gandhi emphasize as a part of his leadership during the nationalist movements?

    <p>Satyagraha and non-violence (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant event happened on January 26, 1930?

    <p>The declaration of Purna Swaraj (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main outcome of the Morley-Minto Reforms of 1909?

    <p>Separate electorates for Muslims (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following actions did NOT occur during the Non-Cooperation Movement?

    <p>Participation in British legislatures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who played a significant role alongside Gandhi in the Home Rule League movement?

    <p>Bal Gangadhar Tilak (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major factor contributed to the formation of the Muslim League in 1906?

    <p>British policy of divide and rule (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one significant action taken by Gandhi during his early leadership in the Champaran movement?

    <p>Increase in indigo prices (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a primary limitation of the Montague-Chelmsford Reforms introduced in 1919?

    <p>Failure to shift actual power to Indian representatives (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the Salt Satyagraha is true?

    <p>It challenged the British monopoly on salt production. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a consequence of the Civil Disobedience Movement?

    <p>Widespread boycott of foreign goods and refusal to pay taxes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which leader is associated with the movement in the North-West Frontier Province?

    <p>Abdul Gaffar Khan (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What outcome followed the two Round Table Conferences held in 1930 and 1931?

    <p>The conferences failed to address key conflicts satisfactorily. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant action taken by supporters during the Dandi March?

    <p>They produced and sold salt illegally. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What led to the Kakori Conspiracy Case?

    <p>Efforts to steal government weapons for armed struggle. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who were the key members of the Hindustani Socialist Republican Association?

    <p>Ramprasad Bismil and Chandrashekhar Azad (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ultimately happened to the Civil Disobedience Movement in 1934?

    <p>The movement was officially withdrawn by Gandhi. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main reason for launching the Quit India Movement in 1942?

    <p>Fear of a Japanese attack (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Subhash Chandra Bose view collaboration with Germany and Japan?

    <p>As a strategy to gain independence from British rule (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant consequence of the British response to the Quit India Movement?

    <p>Increased arrests of Congress leaders (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the reaction of the Muslim League to the proposed interim government in 1946?

    <p>Demand for a separate Muslim state (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role did Lord Mountbatten play in the lead-up to Indian independence?

    <p>He proposed the division of India into India and Pakistan (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the attitude towards the Cripps Mission during this period?

    <p>It reinforced the resolve for complete independence. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'dominion status' refer to in the context of India's struggle for independence?

    <p>Autonomous community within the British Empire (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action did Subhash Chandra Bose take after escaping British detention?

    <p>He traveled abroad to gather support against the British. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    End of East India Company Rule

    Queen Victoria's proclamation transferred governance to the British in 1858.

    Indian National Congress

    Political party formed in 1885 to lead the Indian National Movement.

    Moderates

    Early leaders of INC who believed in gradual reform and cooperation with the British.

    Prominent Moderate Leaders

    Key figures included Gokhale, Naoroji, and Banerjee among others.

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    Radicals

    A new generation of leaders advocating for direct action and cultural pride.

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    Partition of Bengal (1905)

    Dividing Bengal to undermine nationalist unity, met with widespread protests.

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    Swadeshi Movement

    Movement promoting Indian goods and boycotting British products.

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    Vande Matram

    A patriotic song by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay significant to the movement.

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    Moderates vs. Radicals

    A split in the Indian National Congress based on differing approaches to achieving self-rule.

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    Muslim League

    A political organization formed to represent Muslim interests in India, founded in 1906.

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    Morley-Minto Reforms

    1909 reforms aimed at giving Muslims separate electorates but failing to address broader demands for self-rule.

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    Home Rule League

    A movement led by Annie Besant and Bal Gangadhar Tilak advocating for self-rule in India, founded in 1916.

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    Lucknow Pact

    An agreement in 1916 between Congress and the Muslim League to demand self-rule for India together.

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    Satyagraha

    Gandhi's method of non-violent resistance to achieve social and political goals.

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    Montague-Chelmsford Reforms

    1919 reforms intended to address self-rule demands but introduced a dual government system with limited power.

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    Salt Satyagraha

    A nonviolent protest led by Gandhi against British salt laws in 1930.

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    Dandi March

    Gandhi's march to Dandi to produce salt illegally on March 12, 1930.

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    Civil Disobedience Movement

    A nationwide campaign against British rule involving tax refusal and boycotts.

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    Abdul Gaffar Khan

    Also known as Frontier Gandhi, he led nonviolent resistance in NWFP.

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    Round Table Conferences

    Meetings in 1930-31 held by the British to discuss Indian governance, but failed.

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    Kakori Conspiracy Case

    A trial linked to a train robbery by revolutionaries seeking weapons.

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    Hindustani Socialist Republican Association

    Radical group formed in Kanpur aiming for independence through action.

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    Civil Disobedience Aftermath

    Resumption of protests by Gandhi after failed talks, ending in 1934.

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    Jugantar Party

    A revolutionary group founded by Aurobindo Ghose, aimed to revolt against British rule.

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    Bhagat Singh

    A key revolutionary figure who fought against British oppression and was executed in 1931.

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    Government of India Act, 1935

    An act that introduced major reforms and a federal structure to Indian governance.

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    Federal Court

    Established by the Government of India Act, 1935, to oversee judicial matters in provinces and princely states.

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    Cripps Mission

    A failed British attempt in 1942 to gain Indian support for WWII in return for political concessions.

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    Quit India Movement

    A major civil disobedience movement launched in 1942 demanding an end to British rule in India.

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    Diarchy

    A governance system introduced by the Government of India Act, 1919, with dual sets of governments at the provincial level.

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    Revolutionary Groups

    Various organizations, including Jugantar and Gadar, that worked towards India's independence through armed struggle.

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    Non-Cooperation Movement

    A movement initiated by Gandhi in 1920 to oppose British rule through boycott and civil disobedience.

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    Chauri Chaura Incident

    A violent clash in 1922 where demonstrators killed police in response to police firing.

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    Peasants and Workers' Movements

    Movements where peasants and workers protested against British exploitation and high taxes.

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    Simon Commission

    A commission sent to India in 1927 to review reforms, boycotted due to lack of Indian representation.

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    Lahore Session (1929)

    Congress session in December 1929 where the resolution for Complete Independence was passed.

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    Purna Swaraj

    The term meaning 'Complete Independence,' resolved during the Lahore Session.

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    Hartals and Strikes

    Forms of protest during the Non-Cooperation movement where people stopped work to oppose British rule.

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    Jamia Milia and Kashi Vidya Peeth

    Educational institutions opened during the Non-Cooperation Movement to promote nationalism.

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    Subhash Chandra Bose

    Leader who sought support from Axis powers to free India and organized the Indian National Army (INA).

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    Indian National Army (INA)

    An army formed by Bose to fight against British rule, initially organized by Mohan Singh.

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    Cabinet Mission

    A British proposal in 1946 for an interim government and a Constituent Assembly in India.

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    Pakistan demand

    The demand for a separate Muslim state by the Muslim League, leading to the division of India.

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    Lord Mountbatten's Plan

    A proposal presented for the partition of India and Pakistan by the Viceroy of India.

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    British response to Quit India

    The British police and army brutally suppressed the Quit India Movement, arresting leaders within 24 hours.

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    End of World War II

    In 1945, after WWII, British leaders began to favor Indian independence.

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    Study Notes

    The Nationalist Movement (1870 to 1947)

    • The East India Company's rule ended in 1858, and power transferred to the British government.
    • The people of India, despite rebellions, lacked significant say in their governance.
    • Many political associations were formed to address Indian issues, but their influence was primarily regional.
    • In 1876, Surendranath Banerjee established the Indian Association in Calcutta.

    Formation of Indian National Congress (INC)

    • The Indian National Congress (INC) was formed in 1885 by A.O. Hume.
    • The INC was supported by 72 educated Indian delegates from various regions of the country.
    • The first meeting of the Congress was held in Mumbai under the leadership of W.C. Bonnerjee.
    • The Congress gradually became a unifying force addressing Indian concerns.
    • Early leaders, from 1885-1905, were referred to as Moderates.
    • Their goals focused on:
      • Establishing representative legislative councils across India.
      • Gaining positions in administration for Indians.
      • Passing the Civil Services Examination in India.
      • Preventing the exploitation of Indian resources.
      • Maintaining the growth of Indian industry.

    Partition of Bengal

    • The British partitioned Bengal in 1905 to weaken the nationalist movement.
    • They aimed to divide and collect revenue more effectively.
    • The partition was unpopular; people protested, demonstrating strong dissatisfaction.
    • The Indian National Movement's response included a boycott of British goods and self-rule advocacy ("Swadeshi").

    Partition of Bengal (continued)

    • The Day of Mourning was set to show protest.
    • "Swadeshi ("self-rule") movement involved boycotting British goods and supporting local enterprises.
    • Students and women played a significant role by participating in processions, boycotts, and picketing shops selling foreign-made items.

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    Test your knowledge on significant political reforms in India, including the Government of India Acts of 1919 and 1935, and the impact of the Montague-Chelmsford and Morley-Minto Reforms. Dive into key events like the Cripps Mission and revolutionary movements that shaped Indian history.

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