Indian Peasant Movements and Alluri Sitaram Raju

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Questions and Answers

What was a primary demand of the peasant movement in Awadh?

Reduction of agricultural subsidies

Abolition of begar (correct)

Stricter regulations on tenant evictions

Increased rent payment to landlords

Who led the peasant movement known as the Bardoli Satyagraha?

Vallabhbhai Patel (correct)

Baba Ramchandra

Mohandas Gandhi

Jawaharlal Nehru

What strategy was used to pressure landlords in the villages?

Organizing nai-dhobi bandhs (correct)

Public demonstrations with armed protests

Reduction of land lease rates

Collaborating with foreign investors

Which event marked the beginning of the Oudh Kisan Sabha?

Jawaharlal Nehru's tour of villages Signup and view all the answers

What misconception did local leaders promote regarding Gandhiji's declarations?

That no taxes were to be paid and land was to be redistributed Signup and view all the answers

What major social issue did the peasant movement target against landlords and talukdars?

Exorbitant rents and various cesses Signup and view all the answers

What resulted from the actions of the peasant movement in the early 1920s?

Publicity and sympathy for the peasant cause Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following contributed to the peasants' lack of security of tenure?

Regular evictions by landlords Signup and view all the answers

What was the main purpose of Mahatma Gandhi's letter to Viceroy Irwin on 31 January 1930?

To present a list of eleven demands that needed to be met Signup and view all the answers

What was considered the most oppressive aspect of British rule, according to Gandhi?

The monopoly and taxation on salt Signup and view all the answers

How long did Mahatma Gandhi's Salt March last?

24 days Signup and view all the answers

What was Gandhi's ultimate goal in launching the Civil Disobedience Movement?

To achieve Purna Swaraj or Complete Independence Signup and view all the answers

Which class of people did the Salt March primarily aim to unite?

All classes of Indian society, rich and poor Signup and view all the answers

What significant action did Gandhi take upon reaching Dandi on 6 April?

Began making salt by boiling sea water Signup and view all the answers

What method did Gandhi advocate for during the Civil Disobedience Movement?

Peaceful defiance and non-violent resistance Signup and view all the answers

Why did Gandhi choose salt as a symbol for the movement?

It was an essential item consumed by everyone Signup and view all the answers

What special powers did Alluri Sitaram Raju claim to possess?

Ability to make astrological predictions Signup and view all the answers

How did Raju demonstrate his influence on the rebels?

By proclaiming himself an incarnation of God Signup and view all the answers

Which movement inspired Raju in his actions?

Non-Cooperation Movement Signup and view all the answers

What approach did Raju advocate for India's liberation?

Use of force Signup and view all the answers

What was a key consequence of the Inland Emigration Act of 1859 for plantation workers?

They were not allowed to leave plantations without permission Signup and view all the answers

How did the plantation workers respond to the Non-Cooperation Movement?

They defied authorities and left the plantations Signup and view all the answers

What ultimately happened to Alluri Sitaram Raju in 1924?

He was captured and executed Signup and view all the answers

What did the notion of swaraj mean for plantation workers in Assam?

The right to move freely and retain connection with their villages Signup and view all the answers

What was one of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar's significant demands at the second Round Table Conference?

Separate electorates for the dalits Signup and view all the answers

What was Gandhiji's concern regarding separate electorates for dalits?

It would slow down dalit integration into society Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the Poona Pact of September 1932?

Dalits received reserved seats to be voted on by general electorate Signup and view all the answers

What was the reaction of many Muslim political organizations towards the Civil Disobedience Movement?

They were lukewarm and felt alienated Signup and view all the answers

What contributed to the worsening relations between the Hindu and Muslim communities in the mid-1920s?

Congress's association with Hindu nationalist groups Signup and view all the answers

Which event exemplified the deepening divide between Hindus and Muslims during the period discussed?

Hindu-Muslim communal riots Signup and view all the answers

What was the initial sentiment of the dalit movement towards the Congress-led national movement?

Skepticism and apprehension Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Congress's association with the Hindu Mahasabha?

Alienation of a section of Muslims Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant reason for Congress's reluctance to include workers' demands in its struggle program?

They believed it would alienate industrialists. Signup and view all the answers

How did women participate in the Civil Disobedience Movement?

By joining protest marches and manufacturing salt. Signup and view all the answers

What demographic primarily made up the women participating in urban protests?

High-caste women from affluent backgrounds. Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the motivations for women to participate in the Civil Disobedience Movement?

The belief that service to the nation was a sacred duty. Signup and view all the answers

What was unique about women's participation in the nationalist processions?

Women were participating for the first time publicly. Signup and view all the answers

What impact did the participation of women have on their societal role during the Civil Disobedience Movement?

It solidified traditional views of women's roles. Signup and view all the answers

What actions did women take against foreign goods during the Civil Disobedience Movement?

They picketed foreign cloth and liquor shops. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the overall involvement of women in the Civil Disobedience Movement?

Women engaged actively in various protests and activities. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Peasant Movements

Peasants in India were burdened by high rents, forced labour (begar) and insecure tenures.
Jawaharlal Nehru, Baba Ramchandra and others setup the Oudh Kisan Sabha in October 1920.
The Oudh Kisan Sabha had over 300 branches within a month.
The Bardoli Satyagraha in Gujrat, led by Vallabhbhai Patel in 1928, protested against increased land revenue.
The movement was widely publicized and garnered support across India.

Alluri Sitaram Raju

Alluri Sitaram Raju, revered by the Gudem rebels as an incarnation of God, believed in armed resistance.
He encouraged wearing khadi and stopping alcohol consumption.
He orchestrated attacks on police stations, attempted to kill British officials and engaged in guerrilla warfare aiming for Swaraj.
Raju was captured and executed in 1924, becoming a folk hero.

Plantation Workers

Plantation workers in Assam sought freedom to move freely in and out of the confined plantation spaces.
The Inland Emigration Act of 1859 restricted worker movement without permission.
Thousands of workers, inspired by the Non-Cooperation Movement, defied the government and left the plantations.

The Salt March

Mahatma Gandhi launched the Salt March on March 12, 1930, to protest the salt tax and government monopoly.
He issued an ultimatum to the Viceroy Lord Irwin with 11 demands, focusing on unifying all social classes against British subjugation.
Gandhi led 78 volunteers on a 240-mile march from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi, lasting 24 days.
The march aimed to educate Indians on the meaning of Swaraj and encourage peaceful resistance.
Gandhi’s act of breaking salt laws in Dandi on April 6th marked the beginning of the Civil Disobedience Movement.

Participation in the Civil Disobedience Movement

Women actively participated in the movement, venturing out of their homes to listen to Gandhi, join marches, manufacture salt and boycott foreign goods.
Dalit participation was limited, particularly in regions with strong Dalit organizations.
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, advocating for separate electorates for Dalits, clashed with Gandhi, who feared it would slow integration.
The Poona Pact (1932) granted reserved seats for Dalits in legislative councils but without separate electorates.
Muslim political groups were lukewarm in their response due to their alienation from the Congress and the rising Hindu-Muslim tensions.
Communal riots deepened the divide between Hindu and Muslim communities.

Congress and Swaraj

The Congress aimed to unify all anti-imperial forces and prioritize broad-based demands to avoid alienating industrialists.
The Congress struggled to engage with worker demands, fearing alienation of industrialists.
The Congress felt the British government in India perpetuated exploitation and economic ruin, demanding complete independence or ‘Purna Swaraj’.

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Description

Explore the significant peasant movements in India, including the establishment of the Oudh Kisan Sabha and the Bardoli Satyagraha led by Vallabhbhai Patel. Learn about the impact of Alluri Sitaram Raju, his philosophy, and actions against British rule. This quiz highlights important social and political transformations in colonial India.