Indian National Movement Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What was one of the key demands of the Indian educated middle class regarding civil service examinations?

  • To hold the exams simultaneously in India and England
  • To conduct the exams in local Indian languages
  • To create a separate civil service for Indians
  • To translate texts from various languages into English (correct)

Which repressive measure was implemented to punish disaffection towards the government?

  • The Indian Civil Rights Act
  • Section 124A of the Indian Penal Code (correct)
  • The Public Safety Act
  • The National Security Act

Which act enacted during the viceroyalty of Ripon sought to empower Indian judges to try Europeans?

  • The Ilbert Bill (correct)
  • The Benaras Act
  • The Rowlatt Act
  • The Factory Act

What was one significant economic measure that led to nationwide discontent?

<p>The abolition of customs duty on imported cotton goods (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Aurobindo Ghose believe was the mission of nationalism?

<p>To revive Indian thought and character (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Vernacular Press Act of 1878?

<p>To censor the press and restrict free speech (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the British government respond to the Ilbert Bill?

<p>It was revised to favor European interests. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Madras Native Association?

<p>It served as an early attempt to organize Indian political aims. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the swadeshi movement of 1905?

<p>To promote Indian independence from British rule (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was a prominent figure associated with the swadeshi movement?

<p>Bal Gangadhar Tilak (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did both Moderates and Radicals view their role in the swadeshi movement?

<p>As educators and instillers of nationalism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What legal charge was Bal Gangadhar Tilak arrested under?

<p>Section 124 A of the Indian Penal Code (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the swadeshi movement emphasize in its methodology?

<p>Mass mobilization and boycott of British goods (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was NOT a focus of the swadeshi movement?

<p>Cooperation with British authorities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is known as the 'Grand Old Man of Indian Nationalism'?

<p>Dadabhai Naoroji (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What shared sentiment united both Moderates and Radicals in the independence movement?

<p>The importance of fulfilling their role as educators (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a major demand of the Indian National Congress (INC)?

<p>Constitutional opportunity for participation in government (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which groups primarily made up the early nationalists in the INC?

<p>Lawyers, teachers, and doctors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the membership of the INC contribute to its character as a national organization?

<p>It represented various regions of the country. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What strategy did the early nationalists in the INC adopt to express their demands?

<p>Constitutional methods including petitions and memorandums (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the understanding of colonialism among early nationalists when the INC was formed?

<p>They had no readily available anti-colonial understanding. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What nickname did the early nationalists in the INC earn due to their methods?

<p>Moderates (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one key characteristic of the INC at its formation?

<p>It represented a small number of political elites. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the goal of the early nationalists regarding the notion of 'we' as a nation?

<p>To help formulate the concept of a unified nation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main intention of Curzon regarding the partition of Bengal?

<p>To suppress political activities and create a Hindu-Muslim divide (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the response of leaders like Surendranath Banerjee to the partition announcement?

<p>They resorted to prayers and petitions appealing to the British (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which divisions were included in the proposed new province of Eastern Bengal and Assam?

<p>Dhaka and Rajshahi hills (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Curzon's stance on division based on linguistic lines?

<p>He considered it but ultimately rejected it (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When was the partition of Bengal officially declared?

<p>19 July 1905 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the consequences of the partition of Bengal?

<p>It generated anti-colonial sentiment among the people (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the British government plan to influence public opinion regarding the partition?

<p>By ignoring the concerns of Indian politicians (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one proposed alternative to the partition of Bengal that was ignored?

<p>Reorganization based on linguistic lines (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Surendranath Banerjea's role in the Indian National Congress (INC)?

<p>He was elected thrice as the President of the INC. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concept did Dadabhai Naoroji introduce in his book?

<p>Drain of wealth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factors contributed to the growth of nationalism in India, according to the content?

<p>Bitter memories of 1857 and racial discrimination (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What organization did Dadabhai Naoroji help to establish in 1852?

<p>Madras Native Association (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Naoroji's argument regarding the taxes collected in British India?

<p>They were spent on England's wellbeing. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What criticism did Naoroji make about exports from India to Britain?

<p>They had no corresponding return to India. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was not mentioned as an organization formed by modern intelligentsia?

<p>Indian National Movement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary aim of the organizations mentioned, such as the Indian National Congress?

<p>To voice Indian opinions and grievances. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is correct regarding the historical significance of the English Education Act of 1843?

<p>It aimed to promote English language education in India. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which association was founded first in the given chronological sequence?

<p>Madras Native Association (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the immediate impacts of the Orissa famine of 1866?

<p>An investigation into poverty by Dadabai Naoroji. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the details provided, which statement correctly matches with the abolition of slavery in 1859?

<p>It was influenced by free trade policies. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is recognized as the founder of the Indian National Congress?

<p>A.O. Hume (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the Madras Mahajana Sabha is true based on its historical context?

<p>It was established in direct response to British oppression. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the Orissa famine, how much rice was reportedly exported by the British?

<p>200 million pounds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the Indigo revolt of 1835 is accurate?

<p>It highlighted the injustices faced by Indian farmers. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Indian Civil Service Exams

Examinations for positions in the Indian Civil Service, held in England.

Indian Educated Middle Class

A group of educated Indians who desired access to positions in the Indian Civil Service.

Section 124A of IPC (1870)

A law punishing attempts to incite disaffection towards the government.

Vernacular Press Act (1878)

A law restricting the press, particularly local languages (vernacular) publications.

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Abolition of custom duty on cotton (imports)

Removal of taxes on cotton imported from England.

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Levy on excise duty on cotton (domestic)

Tax imposed on cotton produced in India.

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Ilbert Bill

A bill giving Indian judges the power to try Europeans.

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Indian Nationalists

Indian individuals advocating for self-governance and independence from British rule.

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Madras Native Association

One of the first Indian associations formed, aimed at organizing and expressing grievances

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INC's Role

The Indian National Congress (INC) acted as a national political platform for various Indian movements.

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INC's Participants

The INC was composed of political workers from various parts of India, primarily from the elite.

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Early Nationalists of INC

The early members of the INC comprised lawyers, teachers, doctors, journalists etc., from different regions, and they used constitutionally acceptable methods.

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INC's all-India nature

Despite starting small, the INC had representation from across India, leading to India's political mobilization.

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INC's demands

The INC's key demands included more Indian participation in the government's processes.

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Early Anti-Colonial Understanding

The early nationalists in India helped to develop an understanding of colonialism as an issue to be tackled.

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Swadeshi Movement

A movement in India (1905) opposing British rule and promoting Indian industries, education, and self-reliance.

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Partition of Bengal

The division of Bengal province in British India in 1905, a controversial act strongly opposed by Indians.

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Bal Gangadhar Tilak

A prominent Indian nationalist leader who used the press to oppose British rule and encourage national resistance.

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Nationalist Consciousness

The growing sense of shared identity and desire for self-governance among Indian people against British rule.

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Moderates and Radicals

Different groups within the Indian National Congress, both advocating for Indian self-rule but with varying approaches, particularly in their methods.

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Dadabhai Naoroji

A leading early Indian nationalist and politician, known for the 'Drain of Wealth' theory, which argued that British rule impoverished India.

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Indian National Congress

A prominent Indian political organization formed in 1885 that aimed to represent Indian interests and push for self-governance.

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Freedom of Press

The freedom of the media to express thoughts, criticisms, and opinions, an important aspect of the Indian freedom struggle and national movement.

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Surendranath Banerjea

A prominent figure in the early Indian freedom movement, known for his role in the Indian National Congress (INC).

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Drain of Wealth

A concept stating that British rule transferred wealth from India to Britain.

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Dadabhai Naoroji

An important Indian nationalist and political leader who advocated for Indian self-interest in the face of British rule.

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Indian National Congress (INC)

The Indian national political gathering formed to rally for the reform and interest of Indian people.

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Poverty and Un-British Rule of the British in India

A major book by Surendranath Banerjea that explains the impact of British rule on Indian poverty.

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Rise of Nationalism in India

The growth of a sense of shared identity and opposition to British rule among Indian people.

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Partition of Bengal

The division of the Bengal province in British India into two provinces, motivated by political aims, in 1905.

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Curzon's Intent

Lord Curzon, the Viceroy, wanted to weaken Indian resistance to British rule by creating divisions and undermining political unity in Bengal.

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Anti-Partition Movement

A resistance movement against the partition of Bengal, involving both militant and moderate leaders, protesting against the division for political and social reasons.

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Hindu-Muslim Divide

The British intentionally fostered tensions between Hindus and Muslims to weaken the political power of Indians.

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Alternative Proposals

Civil servants proposed dividing Bengal on a linguistic basis. However, Curzon rejected this.

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Political Activities in Bengal

The British government aimed to suppress anti-British political activity in Bengal, using the partition plan as a means to undermine united action.

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English Education Act of 1843

An act introducing English education in India.

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Abolition of slavery - 1859

Slavery was ended in that year

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Madras Native Association - 1852

Early Indian association focused on organizing and presenting issues.

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Indigo revolt - 1835

A popular uprising against indigo farming practices in India.

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Chronological sequence of associations

The order of Indian associations : Madras Native Association, India Society, East India Association, Madras Mahajana Sabha.

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Orissa Famine (1866)

A major famine where millions faced starvation in Orissa, India.

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Founder of Indian National Congress

A.O. Hume was the founder.

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First Indian National Congress President

The first president was Surendranath Bannerjea.

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Nationalism

Nationalism is the belief in the importance of one's nation and the desire for its advancement and protection.

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Study Notes

Indian National Movement

  • Early Nationalists' Demands: Indian educated middle class sought simultaneous civil service exams in India, but the Imperial government refused.
  • Repressive Measures: Regulations like Section 124A of the Indian Penal Code (punishing disaffection) and the Vernacular Press Act (censoring the press) faced protests. Abolition of cotton import duty and levy on Indian cotton fabric sparked nationwide discontent. The Ilbert Bill, allowing Indian judges to try Europeans, was amended due to European resistance.
  • Formation of Indian National Congress (INC): INC served as a common platform for various movements, garnering political workers from across India. Though small (under a hundred members), it had all-India representation, mobilizing people nationally. A major objective was Indian representation in government. Opposition to the Partition of Bengal in 1905 (discussed in next lesson) led to the swadeshi movement, promoting swadeshi enterprise, national education, self-help, and use of Indian languages as well as mass mobilization and boycott of British institutions and goods.
  • Moderates and Radicals: Both Moderates and Radicals aimed to foster nationalist consciousness through various means, including the press. They shared the view of needing to educate the populace and sought constitutional methods, like petitions, to achieve their aims.
  • Contributions of Early Nationalists: Early nationalists, mainly lawyers, teachers, doctors, journalists, and others, used constitutional methods (petitions, prayers, etc), earning the moniker "Moderates." They laid groundwork for the idea of a unified nation and developed indigenous methods. Bal Gangadhar Tilak, a key figure, used his newspapers to articulate discontent against colonial rule and encouraged national resistance. He was arrested for sedition. Concepts surrounding civil liberty (freedom of expression, press) became central to the freedom struggle.
  • Drain of Wealth Theory (Naoroji): Dadabhai Naoroji, a prominent early nationalist, argued that British rule caused a drain of wealth from India. He contended that tax revenue collected in India was primarily spent in England, not on India's welfare. This was illustrated by India exporting a significant amount of goods to Britain in a given timeframe, without a corresponding return.
  • Partition of Bengal: Lord Curzon's partition aimed to suppress political activities and create a Hindu-Muslim divide. The plan disregarded linguistic considerations and proposals put forth by colonial officials, and ignored the proposed linguistic division of Bengal and focused on partition along religious lines.
  • Indian Associations: Important examples of early Indian associations include the Madras Native Association (1852), Madras Mahajana Sabha (1884), and the Indian National Congress (1885).

Key Figures and Events

  • Dadabhai Naoroji: A key early nationalist, known as the "Grand Old Man of Indian Nationalism," who campaigned extensively for Indian interests, notably through his book Poverty and Un-British Rule in India.
  • Bal Gangadhar Tilak: A significant figure, who used his newspapers to voice discontent and advocate for national resistance against British rule.

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