Indian Mountain Ranges: Himalayas, Aravali, and Western Ghats
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Questions and Answers

Which mountain range primarily dominates the geography of Rajasthan?

  • Aravali Range (correct)
  • Western Ghats
  • Himalayas
  • Eastern Ghats

What is the highest peak in Maharashtra, also known as the 'Everest of Maharashtra'?

  • Kalsubai (correct)
  • Guru Shikhar
  • Mullayanagiri
  • Anaimudi

In which state is Mullayanagiri, the highest peak, located?

  • Kerala
  • Tamil Nadu
  • Karnataka (correct)
  • Andhra Pradesh

Which of the following peaks is the highest in the Nilgiri Hills?

<p>Doddabetta (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which peak is considered the highest in the Western Ghats?

<p>Anaimudi (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mountain range is known as the oldest in India?

<p>Aravali (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following states is NOT part of the Himalayan range?

<p>Rajasthan (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which state is Nanda Devi, the highest peak located entirely within India, situated?

<p>Uttarakhand (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mountain range is known for its discontinuous hill ranges and fertile valleys?

<p>Eastern Ghats (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which peak is the highest in the Western Ghats?

<p>Anaimudi (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Kanchenjunga, the third highest mountain in the world, is located in which of the following states?

<p>Sikkim (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these peaks is located in Himachal Pradesh?

<p>Reo Purgyil (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which peak is the highest in the Aravali Range?

<p>Guru Shikhar (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Guru Shikhar

Highest point in the Aravali Range, located in Mount Abu, Rajasthan.

Kalsubai

Highest peak in Maharashtra, part of the Western Ghats.

Mullayanagiri

Highest peak in Karnataka, located in the Baba Budan Giri Range.

Doddabetta

Highest peak in the Nilgiri Hills, found in Tamil Nadu.

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Anaimudi

Highest peak in the Western Ghats, located in Kerala.

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Himalayan Range

Northern mountain range with high peaks, deep valleys, and glaciers, extending across several states.

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Aravali Range

One of the oldest ranges in India, known for mineral resources; stretches through Rajasthan, Haryana and Gujarat.

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Western Ghats

Runs along India's western coast. Known for biodiversity, evergreen forests, and as a UNESCO site.

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Eastern Ghats

Extends through Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka; discontinuous hills and fertile valleys.

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K2 (Mount Godwin-Austen)

Second highest peak in the world, located in the Karakoram Range.

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Reo Purgyil

Highest peak in Himachal Pradesh, known for its rugged terrain.

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Nanda Devi

Highest peak located entirely within India, situated in Uttarakhand.

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Kanchenjunga

World's third highest mountain, located on the border of India and Nepal in Sikkim.

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Study Notes

  • India features varied topography, including major mountain ranges like the Himalayas, Aravali, Western Ghats, and Eastern Ghats.
  • The Himalayan range stretches across several northern Indian states and is the highest and most prominent.
  • Mountain ranges and peaks across various states impact local climate, ecosystems, and culture.
  • State-wise distribution aids in understanding regional geographical features.

Himalayan Range

  • The Himalayan Range extends across Jammu and Kashmir, Ladakh, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, and Arunachal Pradesh.
  • High peaks, deep valleys, and glaciers characterize it.
  • It contains some of the world's highest peaks, including Kanchenjunga.

Aravali Range

  • The Aravali Range stretches through Rajasthan, Haryana, and Gujarat.
  • It stands as one of India's oldest mountain ranges.
  • It is known for its mineral resources and biodiversity.
  • Guru Shikhar marks its highest peak.

Western Ghats

  • The Western Ghats run along India's western coast, through Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, and Kerala.
  • The range is known for evergreen forests and biodiversity.
  • Anaimudi represents the highest peak in the Western Ghats.
  • Due to its ecological importance, it's a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Eastern Ghats

  • The Eastern Ghats extend through Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and Karnataka.
  • They are not as continuous or as high as the Western Ghats.
  • Discontinuous hill ranges and fertile valleys define the region.
  • Jindhagada Peak represents its highest peak.

State-wise Distribution of Major Peaks

Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh

  • The Himalayan and Karakoram ranges dominate the region.
  • Key peaks include:
    • K2 (Mount Godwin-Austen) in the Karakoram Range (Pakistan-administered Kashmir) is among the world's highest peaks.
    • Nun Kun, part of the Western Himalayas, is known for challenging climbs.

Himachal Pradesh

  • Himachal Pradesh lies entirely within the Himalayas.
  • Key peaks include:
    • Reo Purgyil, the highest peak in Himachal Pradesh, features rugged terrain.
    • Deo Tibba stands as a significant peak near Manali.

Uttarakhand

  • Uttarakhand resides in the central Himalayas.
  • Key peaks include:
    • Nanda Devi, the highest peak located entirely within India.
    • Kamet, a prominent peak in the Garhwal Himalayas.
    • Trishul, a group of three Himalayan peaks.

Sikkim

  • Sikkim is in the Eastern Himalayas.
  • Key peaks include:
    • Kanchenjunga, the world's third-highest mountain, on the border of India and Nepal.

Arunachal Pradesh

  • Arunachal Pradesh is part of the Eastern Himalayas.
  • Key Peaks include:
    • Kangto, the state’s highest peak.
    • Nyegi Kangsang, another significant peak.

Rajasthan

  • The Aravali Range dominates Rajasthan.
  • Key peaks include:
    • Guru Shikhar, the Aravali Range’s highest point, located in Mount Abu.

Maharashtra

  • Maharashtra includes part of the Western Ghats.
  • Key peaks include:
    • Kalsubai, Maharashtra's highest peak, often called the 'Everest of Maharashtra'.

Karnataka

  • Karnataka contains sections of both the Western and Eastern Ghats.
  • Key peaks include:
    • Mullayanagiri, Karnataka's highest peak, in the Baba Budan Giri Range of the Western Ghats.

Tamil Nadu

  • Tamil Nadu is part of both the Western and Eastern Ghats.
  • Key peaks include:
    • Doddabetta, the Nilgiri Hills' highest peak.

Kerala

  • Kerala is part of the Western Ghats.
  • Key peaks include:
    • Anaimudi, the Western Ghats' highest peak.

Andhra Pradesh

  • Andhra Pradesh includes part of the Eastern Ghats.
  • Key peaks include:
    • Jindhagada Peak, the Eastern Ghats' highest peak.

Odisha

  • Odisha is part of the Eastern Ghats.
  • Key peaks include:
    • Deomali, Odisha's highest peak.

Significance of Mountains

  • Climate Regulation: Mountains affect weather, rainfall distribution, and temperature.
  • River Systems: Major rivers originate from mountain glaciers and watersheds.
  • Biodiversity Hotspots: Mountains host diverse and endemic flora and fauna.
  • Tourism: Mountain regions attract tourists and boost local economies.
  • Strategic Importance: Mountain ranges act as natural borders with strategic defense significance. Here’s a state-wise list of mountain ranges in India along with their highest peaks:

  1. Himalayan Ranges (North & Northeast India)

Jammu & Kashmir & Ladakh

Karakoram Range – K2 (Godwin-Austen)

Zanskar Range – Kamet

Pir Panjal Range – Indrasan

Himachal Pradesh

Dhauladhar Range – Hanuman Tibba

Pir Panjal Range – Manimahesh Kailash

Uttarakhand

Great Himalayas – Nanda Devi

Sikkim

Great Himalayas – Kangchenjunga

Arunachal Pradesh

Patkai Range – Dapha Bum


  1. Northern & Central India

Rajasthan

Aravalli Range – Guru Shikhar

Madhya Pradesh & Chhattisgarh

Vindhya Range – Sad-Bhawna Shikhar

Satpura Range – Dhupgarh


  1. Western India

Maharashtra

Western Ghats (Sahyadri Hills) – Kalsubai

Goa

Western Ghats – Sonsogor

Gujarat

Western Ghats (Gir Hills) – Girnar


  1. Eastern India

Jharkhand

Chhota Nagpur Plateau (Parasnath Hills) – Parasnath

West Bengal

Singalila Range – Sandakphu

Odisha

Eastern Ghats – Deomali


  1. Southern India

Andhra Pradesh

Eastern Ghats – Arma Konda

Tamil Nadu

Western Ghats (Nilgiri Hills) – Doddabetta

Kerala

Western Ghats (Anamalai Hills) – Anamudi

Karnataka

Western Ghats – Mullayanagiri

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Explore India's diverse topography with a focus on major mountain ranges like the Himalayas, Aravali, and Western Ghats. Learn about their locations, characteristics, and significance in influencing climate, ecosystems, and regional culture. Understand the state-wise distribution of mountain ranges and peaks.

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