SOCIAL STUDIES CLASS 4 : PHYSICAL DIVISIONS OF INDIA

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Questions and Answers

Which mountain range is the highest in the world?

  • The Rockies
  • The Himalayas (correct)
  • The Andes
  • The Alps

Which of the following rivers is NOT a major contributor to the formation of the northern plains?

  • Narmada (correct)
  • Ganga
  • Satluj
  • Brahmaputra

Which of the following is another name for the Greater Himalaya range?

  • Himadri (correct)
  • Shiwalik
  • Himachal
  • Purvachal

Which hill range is NOT part of the Purvachal Hill Ranges?

<p>Aravalli Range (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name given to the hills located to the south of the Middle Himalaya?

<p>Shiwalik (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which desert lies to the west of the Aravalli Range in Rajasthan?

<p>Thar Desert (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the general shape of the Southern Plateaus?

<p>Triangular (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following plains is located between the Eastern Ghats and the Bay of Bengal?

<p>Eastern Coastal Plain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which river roughly divides the plateau region into two parts?

<p>Narmada (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the highest peak in the Deccan Plateau region?

<p>Anai Mudi (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these states is part of the Ganga Plain?

<p>Uttar Pradesh (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the other name of Outer Himalaya?

<p>Shiwalik (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sea borders the Western Coastal Plain?

<p>Arabian Sea (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following landforms are NOT found in India?

<p>Rainforests (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these peaks resides in the Greater Himalaya range?

<p>Mount Everest (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do the Northern Plains primarily contribute to India's economic activities?

<p>By offering fertile land conducive for agriculture, supporting a large population. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the geological significance of the Himalayan mountain range?

<p>A relatively young fold mountain range formed by tectonic plate collision. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the location of the Western Desert impact the climate of the surrounding regions?

<p>It causes a hot and arid climate due to limited rainfall and high evaporation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing characteristic of the Eastern Coastal Plain compared to the Western Coastal Plain in India?

<p>The Eastern Coastal Plain is wider and has extensive river deltas. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a significant environmental challenge associated with the Northern Plains?

<p>Salinization of soil due to over-irrigation in agriculture. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do the Himalayan mountain ranges influence the climate and weather patterns of India?

<p>They prevent cold winds from Central Asia from entering India, maintaining warmer temperatures. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What geological process is primarily responsible for the formation of the island of Lakshadweep?

<p>Coral formation and accumulation over time. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the presence of the Western Ghats influence rainfall patterns in the region?

<p>They cause orographic rainfall on the windward side and a rain shadow on the leeward side. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact does the Deccan Plateau have on the river systems of peninsular India?

<p>It serves as a watershed, with rivers originating and flowing in different directions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinct characteristic defines the Purvachal Hill Ranges compared to the other Himalayan ranges?

<p>Lower elevation and are composed of sandstone sediments. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the Thar Desert's ecosystem uniquely adapted to its arid conditions?

<p>Sparse vegetation adapted to conserve water and withstand high temperatures. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do the coastal plains play in India's trade and transportation network?

<p>They support major ports and harbors, crucial for international trade. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor most significantly contributes to the agricultural productivity of the Northern Plains?

<p>Fertile alluvial soil deposited by major rivers and their tributaries. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do the geographical features of the Southern Plateaus influence the region's economic activities?

<p>The mineral-rich plateaus support mining industries, contributing to economic development. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most significant environmental impact of deforestation in the Himalayan region?

<p>Loss of biodiversity and increased vulnerability to natural disasters. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Himalayas stretch from Jammu & Kashmir to Arunachal Pradesh.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mount Everest is located entirely within India.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Himadri range is another name for the Middle Himalaya.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Shimla is a hill station located in the Middle Himalaya.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Shiwalik range is the highest of the three Himalayan ranges.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Purvanchal hills are located in the northwest of India.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Northern Plains are formed by the deposition of silt from the Satluj, Ganga, and Yamuna rivers.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Punjab-Haryana Plains are formed by the Sutlej, and Beas rivers.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Ganga Plain includes the states of Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and West Bengal.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Brahmaputra Plain is primarily located in Kerala.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The coastal plains stretch from Gujarat to West Bengal.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Western Coastal Plain is wider than the Eastern Coastal Plain.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Thar Desert is located to the east of the Aravalli Range.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Southern Plateaus cover the state of Gujarat.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Andaman and Nicobar Islands are located in the Arabian Sea.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Himalayas stretch from Jammu & Kashmir to Arunachal Pradesh, passing through Kerala.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mount Everest, the highest peak in the world, is located entirely within the borders of India.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Greater Himalaya, also known as Himadri, is the lowest in height compared to the other Himalayan ranges.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Shimla and Nainital, popular hill stations, are situated in the Outer Himalaya range.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Shiwalik range, also known as the Outer Himalaya, is the highest in elevation compared to the other Himalayan ranges.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Purvachal Hill Ranges cover the north-eastern states, including Assam and West Bengal.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The fertile Northern Plains are primarily formed by the deposition of silt from the Godavari, Krishna and Kaveri rivers.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Punjab-Haryana Plains were formed by the combined efforts of River Ganga and its tributaries.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Eastern Coastal Plain is narrower than the Western Coastal Plain.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Coromandel Coast is a part of the Western Coastal Plain.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Thar Desert stretches from the Rann of Kachchh in Gujarat through Rajasthan to the borders of Punjab.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Southern Plateaus are primarily composed of alluvial soil, making them exceptionally fertile for agriculture.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Deccan Plateau is located to the north of the Central Highlands.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Eastern and Western Ghats converge at the Aravalli Hills.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Lakshadweep Islands, located in the Bay of Bengal, are characterized by their hilly terrain.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Himalayas stretch from Jammu & Kashmir to Arunachal Pradesh through Ladakh, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, and ______ in West Bengal.

<p>Darjeeling</p> Signup and view all the answers

______ is the highest peak in the world, located in the Himalayas on the border between Nepal and China.

<p>Mount Everest</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Greater Himalaya is also called ______.

<p>Himadri</p> Signup and view all the answers

______ are found in the Greater Himalaya due to the perennial snow cover.

<p>Glaciers</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Middle Himalaya is also called ______.

<p>Himachal</p> Signup and view all the answers

______, Nainital, and Darjeeling are hill stations situated in the Middle Himalaya.

<p>Shimla</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Purvachal Hill Ranges are also known as the ______.

<p>North-Eastern Hills</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Northern Plains lie towards the south of the ______.

<p>Himalayas</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Punjab-Haryana Plains are formed by River Satluj and its tributary, ______.

<p>Beas</p> Signup and view all the answers

River ______ and its tributaries have formed the Ganga Plain.

<p>Ganga</p> Signup and view all the answers

The coastal plain is divided into Western Coastal Plain and ______ Coastal Plain.

<p>Eastern</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Western Coastal Plain lies between the Western Ghats and the ______ Sea.

<p>Arabian</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ Desert is also called the Great Indian Desert or the Thar Desert.

<p>Western</p> Signup and view all the answers

The southern plateaus are ______ in shape and are surrounded by hill ranges.

<p>triangular</p> Signup and view all the answers

The __________ are the highest mountain chain in the world, stretching from Jammu & Kashmir to Arunachal Pradesh.

<p>Himalayas</p> Signup and view all the answers

Most peaks in the Himalayas remain __________ throughout the year, influencing the region's climate and water resources.

<p>snow covered</p> Signup and view all the answers

__________ which is located in the Himalayas, is the highest peak in the world, situated on the border between Nepal and China.

<p>Mount Everest</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Greater Himalaya, also known as __________, is the northernmost and highest of the three parallel ranges, characterized by glaciers and snow cover.

<p>Himadri</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hill stations such as Shimla, Nainital, and Darjeeling are located in the __________ lies to the south of the Greater Himalaya.

<p>Middle Himalaya</p> Signup and view all the answers

The __________ also known as Shiwalik, is the southernmost and lowest in height and is located to the south of the Middle Himalaya.

<p>Outer Himalaya</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Purvachal Hill Ranges, also known as the __________, cover the north-eastern states of India, featuring hills like Garo, Khasi, and Naga.

<p>North-Eastern Hills</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Northern Plains are formed due to the deposition of __________ by the Satluj, Ganga, and Brahmaputra rivers, making them fertile and ideal for cultivation.

<p>silt</p> Signup and view all the answers

The __________ and its tributary, Beas, have formed the Punjab-Haryana Plains, covering the states of Punjab and Haryana.

<p>River Satluj</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Ganga Plain, formed by the River Ganga and its tributaries, includes the states of Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and __________.

<p>West Bengal</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Brahmaputra Plain, situated in Assam, is formed by the __________ and its tributaries.

<p>River Brahmaputra</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Coastal Plains of India are divided into the Western Coastal Plain and __________ stretching from Gujarat to West Bengal and meeting at Kanyakumari.

<p>Eastern Coastal Plain</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Western Coastal Plain lies between the Western Ghats and the __________ and is divided into the Gujarat Coast, Konkan Coast, and Malabar Coast.

<p>Arabian Sea</p> Signup and view all the answers

The __________ located to the west of the Aravalli Range in Rajasthan, stretches from the Rann of Kachchh to the borders of Haryana.

<p>Western Desert</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Southern Plateaus, triangular in shape and surrounded by hill ranges, cover the states of Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, and ___________ among others.

<p>Andhra Pradesh</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the highest mountain chain in the world?

<p>The Himalayas</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name the three major rivers that deposit silt to form the northern plains of India.

<p>Satluj, Ganga, and Brahmaputra</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the alternative name for the Greater Himalaya?

<p>Himadri</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name given to the hills in the north-eastern states of India?

<p>Purvachal Hill Ranges</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for the Outer Himalaya?

<p>Shiwalik</p> Signup and view all the answers

Between which landforms does the Western Coastal Plain lie?

<p>Western Ghats and Arabian Sea</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of India's largest desert?

<p>Thar Desert</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the small hills of sand found in the Thar Desert called?

<p>Sand dunes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name the two parts into which River Narmada divides the southern plateau region.

<p>Central Highlands and Deccan Plateau</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the highest peak in the Deccan Plateau region?

<p>Anai Mudi</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the coast on the eastern coastal plain's southern part?

<p>Coromandel Coast</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name for a landmass surrounded by water on all sides?

<p>Island</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name the hill station located in the Middle Himalayas.

<p>Shimla, Nainital and Darjeeling</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the names of the island groups of India located away from the coast?

<p>Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Lakshadweep</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the highest peak in Himalayas?

<p>Mount Everest</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain how the formation of the Northern Plains is directly linked to the presence of the Himalayas.

<p>The Northern Plains are formed by the deposition of silt carried by the rivers (Satluj, Ganga, Brahmaputra) originating from the Himalayas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the general east-to-west elevation pattern observed in the Himalayas, and name the three major parallel ranges.

<p>The elevation generally decreases from north to south. The three major parallel ranges are the Greater Himalaya (Himadri), the Middle Himalaya (Himachal), and the Outer Himalaya (Shiwalik).</p> Signup and view all the answers

Compare and contrast the Western and Eastern Coastal Plains of India with respect to their width and the water bodies they border.

<p>The Western Coastal Plain is narrower and lies between the Western Ghats and the Arabian Sea, while the Eastern Coastal Plain is wider and lies between the Eastern Ghats and the Bay of Bengal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Purvanchal ranges in the context of India's physical divisions, and where are these ranges located?

<p>They mark the eastern border of India and are located in the northeastern states (Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram, Tripura, and Meghalaya).</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the River Narmada act as a dividing line for the Southern Plateaus, and what are the two main divisions created by it?

<p>River Narmada divides the Southern Plateaus into the Central Highlands in the north and the Deccan Plateau in the south.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain why the Northern Plains are agriculturally significant to India.

<p>The Northern Plains are formed by fertile alluvial soil deposited by the Satluj, Ganga, and Brahmaputra Rivers, making the region ideal for cultivation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Briefly describe the location and main characteristics of the Thar Desert.

<p>The Thar Desert is located to the west of the Aravalli Range in Rajasthan. It is characterized by sandy terrain, sand dunes, and arid climate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name the hill ranges that surround the Central Highlands, specifying their directions relative to the highlands.

<p>The Aravalli Range (north-west), the Vindhya Range (south), the Chota Nagpur Plateau (east) and the Rajmahal Hills (north-east).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the key differences between the islands of Lakshadweep and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in terms of their physical characteristics?

<p>Lakshadweep islands are flat and located in the Arabian Sea, while the Andaman and Nicobar Islands are hilly and located in the Bay of Bengal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify the states that are part of the Ganga Plain.

<p>Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal are part of the Ganga Plain</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

The Himalayas

The highest mountain chain in the world, stretching from Jammu & Kashmir to Arunachal Pradesh.

The Greater Himalaya

The northernmost range of the Himalayas, also known as Himadri, with high peaks and glaciers.

The Middle Himalaya

Located south of the Greater Himalaya, containing hill stations like Shimla and Darjeeling.

The Outer Himalaya

The southernmost and lowest range of the Himalayas.

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Purvachal Hill Ranges

Hill ranges in the north-east covering states like Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, and Mizoram.

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The Northern Plains

Fertile lands south of the Himalayas formed by the Satluj, Ganga, and Brahmaputra rivers.

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The Coastal Plains

Plains along the coast, divided into Western and Eastern Coastal Plains.

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Western Coastal Plain

Stretches from Gujarat to Kerala, located between the Western Ghats and the Arabian Sea.

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Eastern Coastal Plain

Extends from West Bengal to Tamil Nadu, located between the Eastern Ghats and the Bay of Bengal.

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The Western Desert

Located west of the Aravalli Range in Rajasthan, also known as the Thar Desert.

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The Southern Plateaus

Located south of the northern plains, covering states like Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra.

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The Central Highlands

The northern part of the southern plateau region, surrounded by various ranges.

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The Deccan Plateau

Extends from the River Narmada to the southern tip of peninsular India.

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Island

Land surrounded by water on all sides.

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Andaman and Nicobar Islands & Lakshadweep

Island groups in the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea.

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Mount Everest

The highest peak in the Himalayas, located on the border between Nepal and China.

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Kanchenjunga

A very high peak in the Greater Himalaya range.

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Punjab-Haryana Plains

Plains formed by the Satluj and its tributary, Beas, covering the states of Punjab and Haryana.

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Ganga Plain

Plains formed by the Ganga and its tributaries, including Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and West Bengal.

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Brahmaputra Plain

Plains formed by the Brahmaputra and its tributaries, primarily located in Assam.

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Northern Circars

The northern part of the Eastern Coastal Plain.

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Coromandel Coast

The southern part of the Eastern Coastal Plain.

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Sand dunes

Small hills of sand found in deserts.

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Aravalli Range

Range that surrounds the Central Highlands to the north-west.

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Vindhya Range

Range that surrounds the Central Highlands to the south.

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Chota Nagpur Plateau

Plateau that surrounds the Central Highlands towards the east.

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Ramgarh Hills

Hill towards the north-east of the Central Highlands.

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Malwa Plateau

Plateau lying in the center of the Central Highlands。

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Anai Mudi

The highest peak in the Deccan Plateau region.

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Nilgiri Hills

Hills where the Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats meet.

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Physical Divisions of India

The landforms vary, including mountains, hills, plains, plateaus, and deserts.

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Divisions of Western Coastal Plain

Gujarat, Konkan, and Malabar Coast

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What are Sand Dunes?

Small hills of sand formed by wind action in deserts.

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River Narmada's Division

River Narmada is said to divide the plateau region into two parts.

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Andaman and Nicobar Islands

Hilly islands in the Bay of Bengal.

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Lakshadweep Islands

Flat islands in the Arabian Sea.

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What are the Purvachal Ranges?

The North-Eastern Hills, covering states like Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram, Tripura, and Meghalaya.

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What creates the Northern Plains?

A fertile area formed by the Satluj, Ganga, and Brahmaputra rivers and their tributaries.

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States Included in the Coastal Plains

Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha and West Bengal

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What is a Coastal Plain?

Plane that lies along the coast divided into Western and Eastern Coastal Plains.

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Geographical span of the Western Desert?

A region that stretches from the Rann of Kachchh through Rajasthan to Haryana's borders.

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Location of the southern plateau

The southern plateaus are located to the south of the northern plains.

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What are the Central Highlands?

The northern part of the southern plateau region.

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What is Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu?

The largest Union Territory of India comprising several islands, known for its beaches, lagoons and coral reefs.

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How many ranges make up the Himalayas?

The Himalayas consist of three parallel ranges.

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Locations of Hill Stations

Hill stations such as Shimla, Nainital and Darjeeling are situated here

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What is a Plain?

A landform characterized by flat or gently rolling terrain.

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What is the River Brahmaputra?

A major river that forms the Brahmaputra Plain in Assam through its tributaries.

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Main components of the Northern Plains

Three major rivers, Satluj, Ganga and Brahmaputra and their tributaries.

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What is the Purvachal Hill Range?

A hill range that is part of the Khasi Hills.

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What is the Aravalli Range?

The western desert is located west of this range.

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What are the Northern Circars

The northern part of the Eastern Coastal Plain.

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What is the Coromandel Coast?

The southern part of the Eastern Coastal Plain.

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The River Satluj and its tributary Beas

The River Satluj and its tributary Beas

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Component of the Ganga Plain

The River Ganga and its tributaries

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What are the Purvanchal hills?

Hills that are not very high and comprise the eastern part of Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram, Tripura, and Meghalaya.

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What is the Southern Plateau?

A triangular-shaped plateau region bounded by hill ranges, covering several states in central and southern India.

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Plains between Punjab and Haryana

River Satluj and its tribuatry formed plane.

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What defines an island?

A landform that is surrounded by water on all sides.

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The Purvachal Ranges

Hills composed of Garo, Khasi, Jaintia, Naga, and Mizo hills, located in the north-eastern region of India.

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Fertile Plains

Fertile plains formed by the depositions of silt from the Satluj, Ganga, and Brahmaputra rivers and their tributaries.

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Study Notes

  • India's landforms include mountains, hills, plains, plateaus, and deserts
  • India is divided into five major physical divisions

The Northern Mountains

  • The Himalayas are the world's highest mountain chain
  • The Himalayas stretch from Jammu & Kashmir to Arunachal Pradesh
  • Areas covered include Ladakh, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, and Darjeeling in West Bengal
  • Most peaks in the Himalayas remain snow-covered year-round
  • Mount Everest, the world's highest peak, is in the Himalayas, on the Nepal-China border
  • The Himalayas consist of three parallel ranges.

The Greater Himalaya

  • The Greater Himalaya is in the extreme north and is also called Himadri
  • It is the highest of the three ranges and remains snow covered throughout the year
  • Glaciers are common in these mountains
  • Kanchenjunga is a very high peak in this range
  • Mount Everest also lies within the Greater Himalaya range

The Middle Himalaya

  • The Middle Himalaya lies to the south of the Greater Himalaya, also called Himachal
  • It is lower in height than the Greater Himalaya
  • Hill stations such as Shimla, Nainital, and Darjeeling are situated here

The Outer Himalaya

  • The Outer Himalaya is located to the south of the Middle Himalaya, also called Shiwalik
  • It is the lowest in height

The Karakoram Range

  • The Karakoram Range is to the north-west of the Himalayas
  • It is a hill range
  • This hill range is a part of the Khasi

The Purvachal Hill Ranges

  • The Purvachal Hill Ranges are in the north-east, also known as the North-Eastern Hills
  • They cover the north-eastern states, including eastern Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram, Tripura, and Meghalaya
  • Garo, Khasi, Jaintia, Naga, Lohas, and Mizo hills are part of the Purvachal Hill Ranges
  • These hills are not very high.

The Plains

  • The Plains lie to the south of the Himalayas, stretching from Punjab to Assam
  • The plains are formed by silt deposition from the Satluj, Ganga, and Brahmaputra rivers and their tributaries
  • These plains are fertile and good for cultivation

The Punjab-Haryana Plains

  • The Punjab-Haryana Plains are formed by the Satluj River and its tributary, Beas
  • These plains cover the states of Punjab and Haryana

The Ganga Plain

  • The Ganga Plain is formed by the Ganga River and its tributaries
  • Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and West Bengal are part of the Ganga Plain

The Brahmaputra Plain

  • The Brahmaputra Plain is formed by the Brahmaputra River and its tributaries
  • It is located in Assam

The Coastal Plains

  • The plain along the coast is the coastal plain, divided into Western and Eastern Coastal Plains
  • They stretch from Gujarat to West Bengal
  • The plains cover parts of Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, and West Bengal
  • The two coastal plains meet at Kanyakumari

Western Coastal Plain

  • The Western Coastal Plain lies between the Western Ghats and the Arabian Sea, stretching from Gujarat to Kerala
  • It is divided into Gujarat Coast, Konkan Coast, and Malabar Coast
  • Lagoons or backwaters are found along the Malabar Coast

Eastern Coastal Plain

  • The Eastern Coastal Plain lies between the Eastern Ghats and the Bay of Bengal, stretching from West Bengal to Tamil Nadu
  • It is wider than the Western Coastal Plain
  • The northern part is known as the Northern Circars, and the southern part is called the Coromandel Coast

The Western Desert

  • The western desert lies to the west of the Aravalli Range in Rajasthan
  • It is also called the Great Indian Desert or the Thar Desert
  • It stretches from the Rann of Kachchh in Gujarat through Rajasthan to the borders of Haryana
  • It is rocky and sandy, featuring sand dunes in some places
  • Sand dunes are common in the Thar Desert

The Southern Plateaus

  • The southern plateaus are located to the south of the Plains
  • The plateaus cover Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Odisha, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, and Maharashtra
  • They are triangular in shape and surrounded by hill ranges
  • River Narmada roughly divides the plateau region into two parts

The Central Highlands

  • The Central Highlands are surrounded by the Aravalli Range to the north-west, the Vindhya Range to the south, the Chota Nagpur Plateau to the east, and the Ramgarh Hills to the north-east
  • The Malwa Plateau lies in the center

The Deccan Plateau

  • The Deccan Plateau extends from the Narmada River up to the southern tip of peninsular India
  • Anai Mudi is the highest peak in this region
  • The Deccan Plateau is surrounded by the Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats
  • The Ghats meet at the Nilgiri Hills
  • The River Narmada divides the southern plateau into the Central Highlands in the north and the Deccan Plateau in the south

The Islands

  • Islands are pieces of land surrounded by water
  • There are many small islands along India's coast, with two main island groups away from the coast

Andaman and Nicobar Islands

  • Andaman and Nicobar Islands are in the Bay of Bengal
  • The islands in this group are hilly

Lakshadweep

  • Lakshadweep is a group of islands in the Arabian Sea
  • These islands are flat

Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu

  • The Union Territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu is located off the coast of Gujarat in the Arabian Sea

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